Unit 4 定语从句之关系代词讲解讲义-2022-2023学年高一英语上学期（外研版2019必修第一册）

定语从句导学案Period1Step1.Lead-inPumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw“alargecat”onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.以上两句是Lesson1中的句子，划线部分是从句。Step2.Presentation一、定语从句的定义、类别、要素一、定语从句的定义、类别、要素有最基本、最核心的主语和谓语，才能称之为从句。定语从句=定语+从句有最基本、最核心的主语和谓语，才能称之为从句。修饰名词或代词。修饰名词或代词。限制性定语从句定义：修饰一个名词或代词的从句被称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。限制性定语从句定语从句类别非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开，定语从句补充说明先行词，而此时的先行词可以是一个单词或前面一整个句子。例如：Hescored69inlastEnglishtest,whichwasagreatsuccess.=1\*GB3①=1\*GB3①先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。=2\*GB3②=2\*GB3②关系词：关系词是用来引导定语从句的连接词。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose。关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose。关系词（也称之为连接词）关系副词：when,where,why。关系副词：when,where,why。这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、状语等。例如，在Step1下面的两个例句中，例句1的先行词是，连接词是，它代替先行词在从句中作。例句2的先行词是，连接词是，它代替先行词在从句中作。二、关系代词引导定语从句的用法二、关系代词引导定语从句的用法1.1.who指人,作主语、宾语，作宾语时，who可省略。Thegirlwhoissingingismybestfriend.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.Heistheman(who)Isawyesterday.Notice:关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。没有让宿舍保持整洁的那个男孩被惩罚了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有who作主语的定语从句。）2.whom指人，作宾语时，可省略。2.whom指人，作宾语时，可省略。Mr.Qiaoistheperson(whom)youheardofbeforeyouwenttoQinghuaHighSchool.Mr.Chenisjusttheteacher（whom)theywanttosee.Theman(who/whom)youmetjustnowismyfriend.特殊:Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworked.(whom不能省略)Thisisthegirl(whom)heworkedwith.(whom可以省略)这世上我最爱的人是我爸爸和妈妈。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whom作宾语的定语从句。）3.which指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。3.which指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。Hetoldusastorywhichmadeeveryonelaugh.Whereisthecar(which)youboughtlastmonth?Thepackage(which)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.教堂的钟很大，以前不分昼夜打点报时，但很多年前遭到毁坏，从此便无声无息了。(回顾这句话的英文翻译，领会连接词which的用法。）4.that4.that既可指人又可指物，作主语、宾语，作宾语时，可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesbyonemillion.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?TheroverisaboardtheTianwen-1probearrivedinMarsorbitonFeb.24andisduetolandinMay(look)forevidenceoflife.（填空）5.whose5.whose既可指人又可指物，作定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.他领养了一只小狗，那只小狗的右腿受伤了。（翻译句子，要求句子为含有whose作定语的定语从句。）三、关系代词特殊用法记忆三、关系代词特殊用法记忆=1\*ROMANI.在限制性定语从句中，只能用that不能用which的几种情况：特殊情况例句=1\*GB3①当先行词是all,much,little,few,none,anything,nothing,everything,theone等不定代词时；Eg.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?=2\*GB3②当先行词被theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),any,every,some,no,all,few,little,much,theright,thelast,just等词修饰时。Eg.ThisistheveryidolthatIamencouragedby.=3\*GB3③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。Eg.ThisisthemosttouchingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.=4\*GB3④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。Eg.ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoZunyi.Eg.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?=5\*GB3⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Eg.Lookatthegirlandherdogthatarecrossingthestreet.=6\*GB3⑥当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Eg.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Eg.Whoisthegirlthatwonthegoldmedal?=7\*GB3⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。Eg.Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.=8\*GB3⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系词也在从句中作表语时。Eg.Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.=9\*GB3⑨主句是therebe句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。Eg.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillavailable.=2\*ROMANII.当先行词指事或物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况:特殊情况例句=1\*GB3①在非限制性定语从句中。Eg.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.=2\*GB3②当动词短语中的介词提前时，用which不用that。但要注意，在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。Eg.ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.Eg.Thisisthepen(that/which)Iamlookingfor.(√)Eg.ThisisthepenforwhichIamlooking.(X)=3\*GB3③先行词后面有插入语时。Eg.HereistheEnglishGrammarbook,which,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.=4\*GB3④当先行词本身就是that时。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?刚从天空一闪而过的是什么？四、单项选择练习题四、单项选择练习题1.WheneverImether,_________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that2.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever3.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,________IfindabitsurprisingA.thatB.whenC.whatD.which4.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose5.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it6.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which7.TheScienceMuseum,wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain，isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.that