2025年托福《写作》考场版真题

2025年托福《写作》考场版真题第一部分：综合写作任务Directions:Forthistask,youwillreadapassageaboutanacademictopicandthenlistentoalectureonthesametopic.Youmaytakenoteswhileyoureadandlisten.Thenyouwillwritearesponsetothequestionthatfollows.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillbe150to225words.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonhowwellyourresponseincludestheimportantinformationpresentedinthelectureandthereadingpassage.Youshouldallow3minutestoreadthepassage.Thenlistentothelecture.Afterward,youwillhave20minutestowriteyourresponse.ReadingPassage:ThePotentialofBio-luminescentPlantsasUrbanLightingRecentadvancementsingeneticengineeringhavesparkedinterestinthedevelopmentofbio-luminescentplants—plantsthatglowinthedark—asasustainablealternativetoelectricstreetlights.Proponentsarguethatintegratingtheseplantsintourbanlandscapescouldrevolutionizecityinfrastructureinthreesignificantways.First,bio-luminescentplantsofferasubstantialreductioninenergyconsumption.Unliketraditionalelectricstreetlights,whichrelyheavilyonthepowergridandconsumevastamountsofelectricitygeneratedoftenfromnon-renewablesources,glowingplantsgeneratetheirownlightthroughinternalchemicalreactions.Byplantingtreesandshrubsthatnaturallyemitlightalongsidewalksandparks,citiescoulddrasticallylowertheirdependenceonexternalelectricity,leadingtoasignificantdecreaseinthecarbonfootprintassociatedwithurbanlighting.Second,theimplementationofsuchplantscouldgreatlyreducelightpollution.Conventionalstreetlightsarenotoriousfortheirharsh,unidirectionalglarethatoftenspillsintothenightsky,obscuringstarsanddisruptingthecircadianrhythmsoflocalwildlifeandhumans.Incontrast,thelightemittedbybio-luminescentplantsistypicallysofterandmorediffuse.Thisambientlightingwouldilluminatethegroundsufficientlyforpedestriansafetywithoutcontributingtothe"skyglow"thatplaguesdenselypopulatedareas,therebyprotectingthenaturalnocturnalenvironment.Third,replacingorsupplementingelectricinfrastructurewithlivingplantscouldlowermaintenancecostsformunicipalities.Streetlightsrequireregularrepairs:bulbsburnout,wiringfails,andglassfixturescrack.Theserepairsdemandcostlylaborandparts.Bio-luminescentplants,ontheotherhand,areself-repairingorganisms.Aslivingthings,theynaturallygrowandheal.Providedtheyreceiveadequatewaterandnutrients,theywouldrequirefarlessintensivemaintenancethanmechanicalfixtures,offeringacost-effectivelong-termsolutionforcitybudgets.***Nowlistentoalectureonthesametopic.[Note:Thisisatranscriptofthelecturecontent.]Professor:Okay,sowe’veallreadthearticleabouthowwonderfulglowingplantsaregoingtobeforourcities.AndIhavetoadmit,theideasoundslikesomethingoutofasciencefictionmovie—it’sveryappealing.Butasascientist,Ihavetolookatthepracticalrealities.Andfrankly,thearticleoverlookssomeseriousbiologicalandphysicallimitationsthatmakethistechnologyimpractical,atleastfornow.First,let’stalkaboutenergy.Thearticleclaimstheseplantswillsaveenergybecausetheydon'tuseelectricity.Butthinkaboutwheretheplantsgettheirenergytoglow.Theydon'tcreateenergyoutofnothing;theygetitfromphotosynthesis.Toproduceenoughlighttoactuallylightupastreet—enoughtoreplaceastreetlamp—theplantwouldneedamassiveamountofenergy.Thismeanstheplantwouldhavetophotosynthesizeatanincrediblyhighrate.Tosupportthatrate,theplantwouldneedsignificantlymorewaterandfertilizerthananormaltree.So,whileyousaveonelectricity,youendupusinghugeamountsofwaterandchemicalnutrients,whicharealsoscarceandexpensiveresources.It’sjusttradingonecostforanother.Second,regardinglightpollution.Theargumentisthatplantlightissofterandwon'tpollutethesky.Well,thereisafundamentalproblemhere:intensity.Bio-luminescenceinnature—likefirefliesorcertainfungi—isactuallyverydim.It’sdesignedforcommunication,notforillumination.Tomakeaplantbrightenoughtolightasidewalksoyoudon'ttrip,geneticengineerswouldhavetoboostthelightoutputtolevelsthatmightnotbe"soft"anymore.Furthermore,toachievethesamelevelofvisibilityasastreetlamp,youmightneedadensityofplantssohighthatitcreatesawalloflight,whichcouldstillreflectoffthegroundandcontributetourbanglow.Itsimplyisn'tefficienttotrytogetenoughbrightnessfromabiologicalsourcewithoutcausingotherissues.Third,theideathatplantsare"self-repairing"andcheapertomaintainismisleading.Yes,plantsgrow,buttheyarealsovulnerabletodiseases,pests,andseasonalchanges.Astreetlampisapieceofmetalandglass;itdoesn'tgetsick.Ifatreegetsafungalinfectionorisattackedbybeetles,itstopsglowingordies.Thenyouhavetoremoveitandplantanewone.Thattakesyearstogrowbacktoausefulsize.Also,inwinter,deciduoustreeslosetheirleaves.Ifyour"streetlight"isatree,halftheyear,yourstreetisgoingtobepitchblack.Youcan'trelyonabiologicalsystemforconsistentsafetylightingwhenit’ssubjecttothewhimsofnatureandseasons.***Question:Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture,beingsuretoexplainhowtheycastdoubtonthepointsmadeinthereadingpassage.第二部分：学术讨论写作任务Directions:Readandthinkaboutthepromptbelow.Thenwriteyourresponsetotheprompt.Youhave10minutestowriteyourresponse.Yourresponsewillbejudgedonthequalityofyourwritingandonhowwellyourresponseincludesthepointsmadeinthelectureandthereadingpassage.Typically,aneffectiveresponsewillcontainatleast100words.Professor:Asartificialintelligencebecomesincreasinglyintegratedintotheprofessionalworld,manyuniversitiesareconsideringhowtoadapttheircurriculum.SomeexpertsarguethatinsteadofteachingstudentsspecifictechnicalskillsthatmightbecomeobsoletequicklyduetoAI,universitiesshouldfocusexclusivelyonteaching"softskills"likecriticalthinking,communication,andethicalreasoning.Doyouagreeordisagreethatuniversitiesshouldprioritizesoftskillsovertechnicalskills?Sarah:Istronglyagreewiththisshift.WeareseeingAItoolsthatcanwritecode,generatemarketingcopy,andevenanalyzedatafasterthananyhuman.Ifuniversitiesspendfouryearsteachingaspecificprogramminglanguageoraspecificsoftwareinterface,thatknowledgemightbeuselessbythetimethestudentgraduates.Teachingstudentshowtothinkcriticallyandhowtoadaptistheonlywaytofuture-prooftheircareers.Technicaltoolsarejusttemporaryvessels;theabilitytoreasonispermanent.Mike:WhileIagreethatsoftskillsareimportant,Ithinkabandoningtechnicaleducationisdangerous.AItoolsarepowerful,buttheystillneedtobemanaged,configured,andunderstoodbyhumans.Ifastudentonlyknows"howtothink"butdoesn'tunderstandtheunderlyingtechnicalarchitectureofhowthesesystemswork,theywon'tbeabletoeffectivelyusetheAIortroubleshootwhentheAImakesamistake.Weneedabalance,notacompletereplacement.***Writeyourresponse.***第三部分：答案与详细解析综合写作参考范文Thereadingpassagesuggeststhatbio-luminescentplantscouldserveasabeneficialalternativetoelectricstreetlightsbyreducingenergyconsumption,minimizinglightpollution,andloweringmaintenancecosts.However,thelecturercastsdoubtontheseclaimsbypointingoutsignificantbiologicalandphysicallimitations.First,regardingenergysavings,thereadingarguesthatglowingplantsreducerelianceonthepowergrid.Thelecturercountersthisbyexplainingthatplantsrequireenergytoglow,whichtheyobtainthroughphotosynthesis.Toproducesufficientlight,theseplantswouldneedtophotosynthesizeatamuchhigherrate,necessitatingmassiveamountsofwaterandfertilizer.Consequently,thesavingsinelectricitywouldbeoffsetbythehighconsumptionofwaterandchemicalresources.Second,thereadingclaimsthatplantlightissofterandthusreduceslightpollution.Thelecturerrefutesthisbystatingthatnaturalbio-luminescenceisinherentlyverydim.Tomakeplantsbrightenoughforstreetlighting,thelightoutputwouldneedtobeartificiallyboosted,potentiallylosingits"soft"quality.Furthermore,achievingsufficientbrightnesswouldrequireahighdensityofplants,whichcouldstillreflectlightandcontributetourbanglow,makingitineffectiveagainstpollution.Third,thereadingsuggeststhatlivingplantsarecheapertomaintainbecausetheyareself-repairing.Thelecturerarguesthatthisismisleadingbecauseplantsaresusceptibletodiseases,pests,andseasonalchanges.Unlikedurablestreetlamps,plantscanstopglowingordie,requiringcostlyreplacementandyearstoregrow.Additionally,deciduoustreeswouldnotprovidelightinthewinter,leadingtoinconsistentsafetycoverage.综合写作详细解析一、文章逻辑结构分析本次综合写作的主题是“生物发光植物作为城市照明的潜力”。阅读文章持支持态度，列举了三大优势；讲座则持反对态度，并针对阅读文章中的三个观点逐一进行了反驳。1.阅读观点1：减少能源消耗。理由：传统路灯依赖电网，消耗大量电力；发光植物通过内部化学反应自产光，能降低碳足迹。讲座反驳：能量守恒。植物发光的能量来源于光合作用。要达到路灯的亮度，植物需要进行极高强度的光合作用，这需要消耗大量的水和肥料。因此，节省电力的代价是消耗水和化学资源，并非真正的节能。2.阅读观点2：减少光污染。理由：传统路灯光线刺眼且向上散射，导致天光；植物光线柔和漫射，能保护夜间环境。讲座反驳：亮度不足。自然界（如萤火虫）的生物发光非常暗淡，用于交流而非照明。要达到照明级亮度，必须人为增强，可能不再“柔和”。且需要极高密度的种植才能照亮路面，这依然会造成光反射和城市辉光。3.阅读观点3：降低维护成本。理由：路灯易坏，维修昂贵；植物是生物，能自我修复，只需水肥，成本低。讲座反驳：生物的脆弱性。植物会生病、遭虫害或死亡，更换和重植成本高且周期长。此外，落叶植物在冬季无叶，会导致照明中断，无法提供持续的安全保障。二、词汇与句型亮点在范文中，使用了以下高分词汇和句型，建议考生在写作中模仿使用：动词：Castdoubton(对……表示怀疑)：替代"question"或"disagreewith"。Counter(反驳)：替代"argueagainst"。Necessitate(使……成为必要)：替代"need"或"require"。Offset(抵消)：表达平衡关系的好词。Refute(驳斥)：比"disagree"语气更强，更学术。名词与形容词：Bioluminescent(生物发光的)：核心话题词。Inherently(固有地)：强调本质特征。Susceptibleto(易受……影响的)：描述植物弱点时的精准表达。Inconsistent(不一致的)：描述冬季照明问题。句型结构："Thelecturercountersthisbyexplainingthat..."(讲座通过解释……来反驳这一点)"Consequently,thesavingsinXwouldbeoffsetbyY."(因此，X方面的节省会被Y抵消。)"Unlikedurablestreetlamps,plantscan..."(不像耐用的路灯，植物可以……)三、易错点提示1.不要遗漏细节：在反驳第一个观点时，必须提到“水和肥料”的消耗，不能只说“它需要能量”。这是反驳“节能”论点的关键证据。2.不要混淆主次：听力中提到的“落叶植物冬季无叶”是一个细节，用来支持“维护不可靠”或“实用性差”的大论点。在写作时，应将其归纳在维护或实用性类别下，不要单独列为第四点。3.时态一致性：描述阅读和讲座内容通常使用一般现在时。学术讨论写作参考范文Idisagreewiththenotionthatuniversitiesshouldprioritizesoftskillstotheexclusionoftechnicalskills.WhileSarahmakesavalidpointabouttherapidobsolescenceofspecifictechnicalknowledgeduetoAI,andMikecorrectlyidentifiestheneedforbalance,Ibelievethattechnicalskillsremainthefoundationalbedrockuponwhichsoftskillsmustbeapplied.First,withoutadeepunderstandingoftechnicalfundamentals,"criticalthinking"inaprofessionalcontextisoftenimpotent.Forinstance,adoctordoesnotsolelyrelyonempathyorcommunication;theymustpossessexhaustivetechnicalknowledgeofanatomyandpharmacology.IfanAIprovidesadiagnosis,thedoctorlacksthetechnicalcompetencetocriticallyevaluatetheAI'sconclusion.AsMikesuggested,onemustunderstandthearchitecturetotroubleshooterrors.Ifuniversitiesonlyteachsoftskills,graduatesbecomemeremanagersoftoolstheydonotunderstand,renderingthemvulnerabletomisinformation.Furthermore,thedefinitionof"technicalskills"isevolving.Learningtocodeisnotjustaboutmemorizingsyntax(whichAIcando);itisaboutlearningalgorithmiclogicandproblem-solvingstructures.Thesearetechnicalcompetenciesthattakeyearstointernalize.Ifuniversitiesabandonthisfocus,weriskproducingagenerationofgraduateswhocanarticulateaproblemeloquentlybutlackthetechnicalliteracytoconstructaviablesolution.Therefore,universitiesshouldnotviewtheseasmutuallyexclusive.Acurriculumthatintegratestechnicaltrainingwiththeethicalandcriticalapplicationofthatknowledgeistheonlyrobustpathforward.Prioritizingoneovertheothercreatesanincompleteprofessional.学术讨论写作详细解析一、题目背景与观点分析本题讨论的是在人工智能（AI）时代，大学教育应如何调整重心：是应该只教授“软技能”（批判性思维、沟通、伦理），还是继续教授“技术技能”。Sarah(支持软技能)：认为技术技能过时太快（如编程语言、软件），AI能做得更快。软技能（适应力、推理力）才是长久的。Mike(支持平衡/技术技能)：认为完全放弃技术教育很危险。AI需要被管理、配置和理解。如果不懂底层技术原理，就无法有效使用AI或纠错。我的立场：不同意只教软技能。认为技术技能是基础，软技能必须建立在技术理解之上。两者应结合，但不能偏废。二、范文论证逻辑展开1.论点1：缺乏技术基础，批判性思维将“无力”。阐述：以医生为例。如果医生只懂沟通不懂解剖学，AI给出诊断时，医生无法从技术层面判断其真伪。结合同学观点：引用Mike的观点，强调理解