2026年研究生入学考试英语一模拟试题及答案

2026年研究生入学考试英语一模拟试题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitalheritage"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasourlivesbecomeincreasinglyintertwinedwithtechnology.Unlikephysicalartifacts,digitalassetsarefragileandsusceptibletoobsolescence.Aphotographprintedonarchivalpapercansurviveforcenturiesif1properly,butadigitalphotostoredonaharddrivemaybecome2withinadecadeduetohardwarefailureorsoftwareincompatibility.This3posesauniquechallengeforarchivists,historians,andindividualsalikewhowishto4memoriesandculturalhistoryforfuturegenerations.Oneoftheprimaryissuesistherapidpaceoftechnologicalchange.Fileformatsthatwere5justtenyearsagoarenowunreadablebymodernsoftwarewithoutspecializedconversiontools.Thisphenomenon,often6"digitaldecay,"threatenstocreatea"digitaldarkage"wherevastamountsofinformationarelost7.Tocombatthis,expertsadvocateforthecreationof"migration"strategies,8dataisperiodicallytransferredtonewerformatsandstoragemedia.However,thisprocessisnotwithoutits9.Everytimeafileisconverted,thereisariskofdatacorruptionorlossoffidelity,10theauthenticityoftheoriginalrecord.Furthermore,the11ofdigitaldataisnotmerelyatechnicalproblembutalsoalegalandethicalone.Questionssurroundingcopyright,privacy,anddataownershipbecomeinfinitelymorecomplexwhenthesubjectmatterisintangibleandeasily12.Forinstance,whoownsthedigitalrightstoadeceasedperson'ssocialmediaaccount?Shouldtheseaccountsbe13forhistoricalresearch,orshouldtheybedeletedoutofrespectforprivacy?Currently,lawslag14behindtechnology,leavingagreyareathatisoften15byfamiliesandtechcompanies.Despitethesechallenges,thepreservationofdigitalheritageis16.Ourdigitalfootprintisareflectionofcontemporarysociety,capturingourthoughts,interactions,andcreativityin17detail.Losingthisrecordwouldbeakintolosingachapterofhumanhistory.Therefore,itisimperativethatwedeveloprobust,sustainable,and18methodsofdigitalpreservation.Thisrequires19betweengovernments,institutions,andtheprivatesectortoensurethatthedigitalstoryofourtimeisnot20todust.1.[A]handled[B]stored[C]retrieved[D]displayed2.[A]inaccessible[B]outdated[C]redundant[D]extinct3.[A]reality[B]trend[C]phenomenon[D]scenario4.[A]cherish[B]preserve[C]retain[D]save5.[A]ubiquitous[B]obsolete[C]sophisticated[D]innovative6.[A]termed[B]named[C]called[D]referred7.[A]temporarily[B]permanently[C]partially[D]deliberately8.[A]where[B]which[C]that[D]whose9.[A]drawbacks[B]benefits[C]merits[D]advantages10.[A]maintaining[B]altering[C]compromising[D]ensuring11.[A]maintenance[B]storage[C]preservation[D]creation12.[A]duplicated[B]reproduced[C]manipulated[D]transferred13.[A]accessible[B]available[C]open[D]free14.[A]far[B]way[C]distance[D]step15.[A]navigated[B]explored[C]solved[D]resolved16.[A]optional[B]mandatory[C]trivial[D]paramount17.[A]explicit[B]vague[C]unprecedented[D]historical18.[A]universal[B]standardized[C]scalable[D]flexible19.[A]competition[B]cooperation[C]isolation[D]separation20.[A]reduced[B]transformed[C]reverted[D]erodedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofworkinthe21stcentury.Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,thismodeloffersflexibilityandautonomytoworkers,whileprovidingcompanieswithacost-effectivelaborforce.However,beneaththeveneeroffreedomliesacomplexrealityfraughtwithinsecurityandinequality.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualstobetheirownbosses.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.ThisisparticularlyappealingtomillennialsandGenZ,whovaluework-lifebalanceandexperiencesovertraditionalcareerladders.Moreover,platformslikeUberandAirbnbhaveloweredthebarriertoentryforentrepreneurship,allowinganyonewithacaroraspareroomtogenerateincome.Critics,however,pointtotheerosionofworkerprotections.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisclassificationmeanstheyareoftenexcludedfrombasiclaborrightssuchasminimumwageguarantees,paidsickleave,healthinsurance,andunemploymentbenefits.Thealgorithmicmanagementstyleemployedbytheseplatforms—whereratingsanddatadictateemployment—canalsoleadtoadehumanizingworkenvironment,whereworkersareconstantlyundersurveillanceandpressuretomaintainhighscorestoavoidbeingdeactivated.Theeconomicimplicationsareequallydouble-edged.Whilethegigeconomycanreduceoperationalcostsforbusinessesandpotentiallylowerpricesforconsumers,italsocontributestoaprecariousworkforce.Incomevolatilityisacommoncomplaint,asworkersfeastorfaminedependingondemand.Thisunpredictabilitymakesfinancialplanningandwealthaccumulationdifficultformillionsofworkers,potentiallyexacerbatingthewealthgap.Governmentsaroundtheworldaregrapplingwithhowtoregulatethisneweconomicparadigm.Somejurisdictionshavepassedlawsreclassifyinggigworkersasemployees,grantingthemfullbenefits.Othershaveadoptedamiddleground,creatinganewcategoryof"dependentcontractor"thatentitlesworkerstosome,butnotall,benefits.Asthegigeconomymatures,thechallengeforpolicymakerswillbetostrikeabalancebetweenfosteringinnovationandprotectingthevulnerableworkforcethatpowersit.21.The"gigeconomy"ischaracterizedby______.[A]permanentemploymentandhighsalaries[B]long-termcontractsandjobsecurity[C]short-termcontractsandfreelancework[D]governmentregulationandsocialwelfare22.Proponentsofthegigeconomybelieveit______.[A]providesjobsecurityandstability[B]offersflexibilityandautonomytoworkers[C]guaranteesminimumwageandhealthbenefits[D]reducesthewealthgapinsociety23.Criticsarguethatthegigeconomy______.[A]empowersworkerstobetheirownbosses[B]lowersthebarriertoentryforentrepreneurship[C]leadstoadehumanizingworkenvironmentduetoalgorithmicmanagement[D]providesapredictableandstableincome24.Theword"precarious"inParagraph4mostprobablymeans______.[A]stableandsecure[B]wealthyandprosperous[C]uncertainandrisky[D]skilledandprofessional25.Themainideaofthetextis______.[A]thebenefitsofthegigeconomyformillennials[B]thechallengesofregulatingthegigeconomy[C]thedouble-edgednatureofthegigeconomy[D]thetechnicalaspectsofalgorithmicmanagementText2Intherealmofastrophysics,thediscoveryofexoplanets—planetsorbitingstarsoutsideoursolarsystem—hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.Forcenturies,humanswonderedifwewerealoneinthecosmos.Theconfirmationthatthousandsofplanetsexistbeyondourownsolarsystemhasbroughtusclosertoansweringthatprofoundquestion,whilesimultaneouslyrevealingtheincrediblediversityofplanetarysystems.Thefirstconfirmeddetectionofanexoplanetorbitingamain-sequencestaroccurredin1995.Sincethen,missionslikeNASA'sKeplerSpaceTelescopehaveidentifiedthousandsofcandidates,manyofwhicharerockyplanetssimilarinsizetoEarth.Thesediscoverieshaveshatteredthelong-heldassumptionthatoursolarsystemisthetemplateforplanetaryformation.Instead,wehavefound"HotJupiters"—gasgiantsorbitingperilouslyclosetotheirstars—andsuper-Earthsthatdefyeasycategorization.Thesearchforextraterrestriallifehasnaturallyintensifiedwiththesefindings.Scientistsarefocusingtheireffortson"habitablezones,"theregionsaroundastarwhereconditionsmightberightforliquidwatertoexistonaplanet'ssurface.Liquidwaterisconsideredtheholygrailofastrobiology,asitisaprerequisiteforlifeasweknowit.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),launchedin2021,isnowanalyzingtheatmospheresofdistantexoplanets,lookingforbiosignatures—gaseslikeoxygenormethanethatcouldindicatebiologicalactivity.However,thestudyofexoplanetsisnotjustaboutfindingaliens;itisaboutunderstandingourownplanet'shistoryandfuture.BycomparingEarthtootherworlds,wecanlearnmoreaboutthedelicatebalancethatallowslifetothrive.Forinstance,studyingVenus,whichhasarunawaygreenhouseeffect,providesacautionarytaleaboutclimatechange.Similarly,theatmospheresofexoplanetscanrevealthegeologicalandchemicalprocessesthatshapeplanetaryevolution.Despitethetechnologicaladvancements,significantchallengesremain.DetectinganEarth-sizedplanetaroundaSun-likestarisakintospottingafireflynexttoalighthousefromthousandsofmilesaway.Theglareofthestaroftenobscuresthefaintlightoftheplanet.Futuremissionswillneedtoemployadvancedtechniqueslikestarshades—large,flower-shapedstructuresthatblockstarlight—todirectlyimagethesedistantworldsandsearchforsignsoflife.26.Thediscoveryofexoplanetshas______.[A]confirmedthathumansarealoneintheuniverse[B]proventhatoursolarsystemisunique[C]revolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse[D]endedthesearchforextraterrestriallife27.Whatisa"HotJupiter"?[A]ArockyplanetsimilarinsizetoEarth.[B]Agasgiantorbitingveryclosetoitsstar.[C]Aplanetlocatedinthehabitablezone.[D]Astarwithahightemperature.28.Scientistsfocuson"habitablezones"because______.[A]thesezonesaretheeasiesttoobserve[B]liquidwaterisessentialforlifeasweknowit[C]thesezonescontainthemostplanets[D]theyaretheonlyplaceswheregasgiantsexist29.ThestudyofexoplanetshelpsusunderstandEarthby______.[A]showingthatEarthistheonlyhabitableplanet[B]comparingEarthtootherworldstolearnaboutplanetaryevolution[C]provingthatclimatechangeisnotathreat[D]detectingsignalsfromextraterrestrialcivilizations30.ThemainchallengeindetectingEarth-sizedexoplanetsis______.[A]thelackofadvancedtelescopes[B]thedistancefromEarth[C]theglareofthehoststarobscuringtheplanet[D]thesmallnumberofcandidatesText3Themodernoffice,onceabustlinghubofcollaborationandinteraction,hasundergonearadicaltransformationinthewakeoftheglobalpandemic.Remotework,previouslyaperkofferedbyprogressivecompanies,becameanecessityovernight.Astheworldemergesfromtheacutephaseofthecrisis,ahybridmodel—combiningremoteandin-officework—hasemergedasthenewstandardformanyindustries.Thisshifthasprofoundimplicationsforurbanplanning,commercialrealestate,andthepsychologyofwork.Commercialrealestatemarketsinmajorcitiesarefacinganexistentialthreat.Withemployeescomingintotheofficeonlytwoorthreedaysaweek,companiesaredownsizingtheirfootprints.Skyscrapesthatoncecommandedpremiumrentsaresittingpartiallyempty,leadingtoadeclineinpropertyvaluesandtaxrevenuesforcities.Thisexodusfromthecitycenterhasrippleeffectsonlocaleconomies—coffeeshops,restaurants,anddrycleanersthatreliedonofficeworkersarestrugglingtosurvive.Urbanplannersarenowtaskedwithreimaginingthecity.Thetraditionalmodelofacentralbusinessdistrictsurroundedbyresidentialsuburbsisbeingquestioned.Someexpertsadvocateforthe"15-minutecity"concept,whereresidentscanaccesswork,shopping,andentertainmentwithina15-minutewalkorbikeridefromtheirhomes.Thisapproachdecentralizeseconomicactivityandreducesrelianceonlongcommutes,potentiallymakingcitiesmorelivableandsustainable.Onthepsychologicalfront,thehumancostofremoteworkisbecomingclearer.Whilemanyenjoytheflexibilityandlackofcommute,otherssufferfromisolationandtheblurringofboundariesbetweenworkandhome.Theserendipitousencountersatthewatercooler—thespontaneousexchangeofideasthatoftenleadstoinnovation—arehardertoreplicateinavirtualenvironment.Companiesareexperimentingwith"anchordays,"whereteamsarerequiredtocomeinonspecificdaystofostercollaborationandculture.Thelong-termconsequencesofthisshiftremainuncertain.Willtheofficeeventuallydisappear,orwillitreinventitselfasadestinationforsocialconnectionandteamwork?Whatwedoknowisthattherigid9-to-5scheduleisarelicofthepast.Thefutureofworkwillbedefinedbyflexibility,choice,andacontinuousnegotiationbetweentheneedsoftheemployerandthedesiresoftheemployee.31.TheshifttohybridworkmodelshasimplicationsforallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.[A]urbanplanning[B]commercialrealestate[C]thepsychologyofwork[D]themanufacturingindustry32.Howhasremoteworkaffectedcommercialrealestate?[A]Ithasincreasedthedemandforlargerofficespaces.[B]Ithasledtoadeclineinpropertyvaluesincitycenters.[C]Ithascausedaboomintheconstructionofnewskyscrapers.[D]Ithashadnoimpactontaxrevenues.33.The"15-minutecity"conceptaimsto______.[A]centralizeeconomicactivityinthecitycenter[B]increaserelianceonlongcommutes[C]makecitiesmorelivableandsustainablebydecentralizingservices[D]encouragepeopletoworkfromhomeexclusively34.Whatisapotentialpsychologicaldownsideofremoteworkmentionedinthetext?[A]Thestressofthedailycommute.[B]Thelackofflexibility.[C]Isolationandtheblurringofwork-lifeboundaries.[D]Theinabilitytoworklongerhours.35.Thetextsuggeststhatthefutureofworkwillbecharacterizedby______.[A]astrictreturntothe9-to-5schedule[B]thecompletedisappearanceoftheoffice[C]flexibilityandabalancebetweenemployerandemployeeneeds[D]afocusonindividualworkovercollaborationText4Thehistoryofcoffeeisarichtapestrywovenwiththreadsofmyth,trade,revolution,andsocialchange.OriginatinginthehighlandsofEthiopia,legendhasitthatagoatherdernamedKaldidiscoveredtheenergizingeffectsofcoffeebeansafternoticinghisgoatsbecamefriskyuponeatingthem.Bythe15thcentury,coffeecultivationandtradehadspreadtotheArabianPeninsula,whereSufimonasteriesusedittostayawakefornightlydevotions.Coffeehouses,knownas"qahvehkhahneh,"soonappearedincitiesacrosstheNearEast.Theseestablishmentsweremorethanjustplacestodrinkcoffee;theywerecentersofsocialinteraction,newsexchange,andpoliticaldebate.Theywereoftenreferredtoas"SchoolsoftheWise."Theintenseintellectualandpoliticalactivityinthesecoffeehousesoccasionallyledtothembeingbannedbyrulerswhofearedsedition.ThearrivalofcoffeeinEuropeinthe17thcenturysparkedasimilarculturalrevolution.InVenice,thefirstEuropeancoffeehouseopenedin1645.Bythe18thcentury,coffeehouseshadproliferatedinLondon,Paris,andVienna,becomingthestompinggroundsofphilosophers,artists,andmerchants.InLondon,institutionslikeLloyd'sofLondonandtheLondonStockExchangetracetheiroriginsbacktocoffeehouseswheremerchantsandbrokersmettoconductbusiness.CoffeeplayedapivotalroleintheAgeofEnlightenment.Thecaffeine-fueleddiscussionsinthese"pennyuniversities"—socalledbecauseforthepriceofapenny,onecouldbuyacupofcoffeeandengageinstimulatingconversation—helpedshapemoderndemocraticthought.Thebeveragewasseenasasoberalternativetoalcohol,whichwasthestandarddrinkinEuropeduringtheday.Theshiftfromadepressant(alcohol)toastimulant(coffee)isbelievedbysomehistorianstohavecontributedtotheIndustrialRevolutionbycreatingamorealertandproductiveworkforce.Today,coffeeisoneofthemosttradedcommoditiesintheworld,secondonlytooil.Themodern"thirdwave"coffeemovementemphasizesquality,directtrade,andsustainability,treatingcoffeeasanartisanalproductratherthanamerecommodity.Fromitshumblebeginningsasagoatherder'scuriositytoitsstatusasaglobalelixir,coffeehasleftanindeliblemarkonhumancivilization,fuelingnotjustbodiesbutmindsandrevolutionsaswell.36.Accordingtolegend,whodiscoveredcoffee?[A]ASufimonk[B]AgoatherdernamedKaldi[C]AVenetianmerchant[D]AnEthiopianemperor37.WhywerecoffeehousessometimesbannedintheNearEast?[A]Becausetheyservedalcohol.[B]Becausetheyweretoonoisy.[C]Becauserulersfearedthepoliticaldebatesandsedition.[D]Becausetheywereunprofitable.38.Whatwere"pennyuniversities"inLondon?[A]Traditionaluniversitiesthatchargedlowtuition.[B]Coffeehouseswherepeoplecouldengageinconversationforthepriceofapenny.[C]Librariesthatsoldcoffeetofundtheiroperations.[D]Pawnshopsthatsoldcheapbooks.39.SomehistoriansbelievecoffeecontributedtotheIndustrialRevolutionbecause______.[A]itwascheaperthanalcohol[B]itwasadepressant[C]itmadeworkersmorealertandproductive[D]itwasgrowninEurope40.Whatisthefocusofthe"thirdwave"coffeemovement?[A]Speedandconvenience.[B]Massproductionandlowcost.[C]Quality,directtrade,andsustainability.[D]Bringingbackthetraditionalcoffeehouseculture.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"flow"wasintroducedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyitodescribeastateofoptimalexperience.Wheninaflowstate,individualsarefullyimmersedinanactivity,experiencingadeepsenseoffocusandenjoyment.Timeseemstodistort,hourspasslikeminutes,andself-consciousnessdisappears.Thisstateisoftenreferredtoasbeing"inthezone."Achievingflowrequiresadelicatebalancebetweenthechallengeofthetaskandtheskillleveloftheindividual.Ifataskistoodifficultrelativetoone'sskills,itleadstoanxietyorfrustration.Conversely,ifataskistooeasy,itleadstoboredom.Flowoccursinthe"channel"betweenthesetwostates,wherechallengeandskillarematchedandbotharestretchedtoahigherlevel.[A]Thisinvolvessettingcleargoalsfortheactivity.Knowingexactlywhatneedstobedoneprovidesaroadmapforthemind,allowingittofocusentirelyontheprocessratherthanworryingabouttheoutcome.[B]Anothercrucialelementisimmediatefeedback.Inavideogame,forexample,youknowinstantlyifyoumadetherightmove.Inreallife,feedbackloopsareoftenslower.Creatingasystemwhereyoucantrackyourprogressinreal-timehelpsmaintaintheflowstate.[C]Furthermore,theactivitymusthaveintrinsicvalue.Thedesiretoengageintheactivityshouldcomefromwithin,notfromexternalrewardslikemoneyorpraise.Whentheactivityitselfisthereward,themindismorelikelytoengagedeeply.[D]Finally,flowisoftendisruptedbydistractions.Inourhyper-connectedworld,maintainingfocusisasignificantchallenge.Toachieveflow,onemustcreateanenvironmentfreefrominterruptions,turningoffphonesandemailstodedicatefullattentiontothetask.Understandingandcultivatingflowcanhaveprofoundbenefitsforproductivityandwell-being.Itallowsindividualstoperformattheirpeakandfindsatisfactionintheirwork.Whetheritiswritingcode,playingamusicalinstrument,orplayingasport,flowisthesecretingredientthatturnsordinaryactionsintoextraordinaryexperiences.41.Csikszentmihalyidefines"flow"asastateof______.[A]anxietyandfrustration[B]boredomanddisinterest[C]optimalexperienceanddeepfocus[D]self-consciousnessandworry42.Flowoccurswhen______.[A]thetaskisverydifficult[B]thetaskisveryeasy[C]challengeandskillarebalanced[D]externalrewardsarehigh43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconditionforachievingflow?[A]Settingcleargoals.[B]Receivingimmediatefeedback.[C]Seekingexternalrewards.[D]Removingdistractions.44.Thephrase"intrinsicvalue"inparagraph5refersto______.[A]themonetaryvalueoftheactivity[B]theinherentenjoymentoftheactivityitself[C]thepraisereceivedfromothers[D]thedifficultyofthetask45.Themainpurposeofthetextisto______.[A]criticizethemodernworkenvironment[B]explaintheconceptofflowandhowtoachieveit[C]comparevideogamestoreal-lifetasks[D]discussthehistoryofpsychologyPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedaglobaldebateaboutitsimpactonthefutureofhumanity.(46)WhileproponentsarguethatAIhasthepotentialtosolvesomeoftheworld'smostpressingproblems,fromclimatechangetodiseaseeradication,skepticswarnofunforeseenconsequencesthatcouldposeexistentialrisks.Oneofthecentralconcernsistheissueofalignment.(47)AsAIsystemsbecomemoreautonomousandcapable,ensuringthattheirgoalsandbehaviorsalignwithhumanvaluesbecomesincreasinglydifficult.IfanAIistaskedwithmaximizingaspecificmetric,suchas"reducecancerdeaths,"itmighttakedrasticmeasuresthatconflictwithhumanethicsorsafety,suchasrestrictingfreedomofmovementorforciblyadministeringtreatments.Moreover,theeconomicdisplacementcausedbyautomationisatangiblereality.(48)Unlikepreviousindustrialrevolutions,whichreplacedphysicalmusclewithmachines,theAIrevolutionthreatenstoreplacecognitivelabor.Thisshiftcouldleadtosignificantstructuralunemployment,wideningthegapbetweenthetech-savvyeliteandtherestoftheworkforce.However,itisnottoolatetosteerthetrajectoryofthistechnology.(49)Byfosteringinternationalcooperationandestablishingrobustregulatoryframeworks,wecanharnessthepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Thisrequiresaproactiveapproach,whereethicalconsiderationsareembeddedintothedesignprocessfromtheverybeginning,ratherthantreatedasanafterthought.Ultimately,therelationshipbetweenhumanityandAIneednotbeadversarial.(50)Ifwenavigatethistransitionwithwisdomandforesight,AIcouldserveasapowerfultooltoaugmenthumancapabilities,usheringinaneweraofprosperityandinnovation.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Youareamemberoftheuniversity'sStudentUnion.Theuniversityisplanningtoorganizea"CareerDevelopmentWeek"tohelpstudentsprepareforjobhunting.Writeanemailtothemanagerofawell-knownhumanresourcesconsultingfirmtoinvitethemtogivealectureoncampus.Inyouremail,youshouldinclude:1)thepurposeoftheevent,2)thespecifictopicyouhopetheycancover,3)andtheproposedtimeandlocation.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)[PictureDescription:Thedrawingdepictsascenewheretwopeoplearestandingonoppositebanksofawide,rushingriver.Ontheleftbank,thereisapileoflarge,heavystones.Ontherightbank,thereisapileofwoodenplanks.Thepersonontheleftistryingtothrowastoneacrosstherivertotheotherside,butitfallsintothewaterwithasplash.Thepersonontherightistryingtothrowaplankacross,butitalsofailstoreachtheotherside.Intheforeground,athirdpersonisseenlayingastone,thenaplank,thenastone,creatingastepping-stonebridgethatconnectsthetwobanks,allowingpeopletocrosseasily.]SectionIUseofEnglish1.[B]stored解析：句意：如果储存得当，一张印在档案纸上的照片可以保存几个世纪。这里指的是物理照片的储存方式，stored最符合语境。2.[A]inaccessible解析：句意：但存储在硬盘上的数字照片可能会在十年内变得无法访问，由于硬件故障或软件不兼容。Inaccessible指无法获取或读取，符合语境。3.[C]phenomenon解析：上文描述了数字资产的脆弱性，这种现象构成了独特的挑战。Phenomenon指这种现象。4.[B]preserve解析：句意：希望为子孙后代保存记忆和文化历史。Preserve意为保存、保护，符合语境。5.[A]ubiquitous解析：句意：十年前还很普遍的文件格式现在如果不通过专门的转换工具就无法被现代软件读取。Ubiquitous意为无处不在的、普遍的。6.[A]termed解析：句意：这种现象通常被称为“数字衰变”。Betermedas是固定搭配，意为被称为。7.[B]permanently解析：句意：威胁要创造一个“数字黑暗时代”，其中大量信息被永久丢失。Permanently意为永久地。8.[A]where解析：这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词是strategies，在从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些策略中，数据被定期转移……”。9.[A]drawbacks解析：句意：然而，这个过程并非没有缺点。Drawbacks意为缺点、不利条件。10.[C]compromising解析：句意：每次转换文件，都有数据损坏或保真度丢失的风险，从而损害原始记录的真实性。Compromise意为损害、危及。11.[C]preservation解析：本段首句提到数字数据的保存不仅是技术问题，也是法律和伦理问题。Preservation意为保存。12.[B]reproduced解析：句意：当主题是无形的且容易被复制时，版权、隐私和数据所有权的问题变得更加复杂。Reproduce意为复制、再现。13.[A]accessible解析：句意：这些账户是否应该为了历史研究而可以被访问，还是应该出于对隐私的尊重而被删除？Accessible意为可进入的、可使用的。14.[A]far解析：句意：目前，法律远远落后于技术。Lagfarbehind是固定搭配，意为远远落后。15.[A]navigated解析：句意：留下了一个经常由家庭和科技公司应对的灰色地带。Navigate意为应对、处理（复杂的情况）。16.[D]paramount解析：句意：尽管面临这些挑战，数字遗产的保存是至关重要的。Paramount意为最重要的、首要的。17.[C]unprecedented解析：句意：以前所未有的细节捕捉我们的思想、互动和创造力。Unprecedented意为史无前例的。18.[B]standardized解析：句意：开发强大、可持续和标准化的数字保存方法。Standardized意为标准化的。19.[B]cooperation解析：句意：这需要政府、机构和私营部门之间的合作。Cooperation意为合作。20.[A]reduced解析：句意：确保我们时代的数字故事不会化为尘土。Reducetodust是固定表达，意为化为尘土。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]解析：根据第一段第二句，“Characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs...”，可知零工经济的特点是短期合同和自由职业工作。22.[B]解析：根据第二段第一句，“Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyempowersindividualstobetheirownbosses.”以及提到的“flexibilityandautonomy”，支持者认为它提供了灵活性和自主权。23.[C]解析：根据第三段最后一句，“Thealgorithmicmanagementstyle...canalsoleadtoadehumanizingworkenvironment...”，批评者认为算法管理导致了非人化的工作环境。24.[C]解析：根据上下文，前文提到收入波动，后文提到这种不可预测性使财务规划变得困难。因此precarious意为“不稳定的、有风险的”，即uncertainandrisky。25.[C]解析：文章既提到了零工经济的优点（灵活性、降低成本），也详细讨论了缺点（缺乏保障、不稳定性），因此主旨是讨论其双刃剑的性质。Text226.[C]解析：根据第一段第二句，“Theconfirmationthatthousandsofplanetsexist...hasbroughtusclosertoansweringthatprofoundquestion,whilesimultaneouslyrevealingtheincrediblediversityofplanetarysystems.”系外行星的发现彻底改变了我们对宇宙的理解。27.[B]解析：根据第二段，“Instead,weha