2026-2027学年外研版英语九上 Unit 5A fine balance 1.Understanding ideas

human

/ˈhju:mən/

adj.

人的，人类的通常用于名词前作定语。

Books

are

the

ladder

of

human

progress.

书籍是人类进

步的阶梯。——Maxim

Gorky马克西姆·高尔基#1.21

One

day,

all

human

activities

stop.有一天，所有人类活动都停止。（教材P68）

Human

activities

are

changing

the

weather.

人类活动正在改变天气。

用法拓展n.人

与human

being意思相同，复数形式为humans。

Climate

change

is

bad

for

us

humans/human

beings.气

候变化对我们人类有害。#1.4.2

drop

/drɒp/

v.

降低（1）[不及物动词]（水平）降低；（数量）减少

The

temperature

dropped

a

lot

at

night.夜里气温下降了

很多。2

Without

humans,

the

noise

drops

greatly

as

traffic

stops.没有了人类，随着交通停运，噪声大幅降低。（教材P68）（2）[及物动词]降低（……的水平）；减少（……的数量）

He

dropped

his

voice.他压低了嗓音。

词块拓展

drop

to降至

The

temperature

will

drop

to

minus

five

degrees

Celsius

this

Friday.本周五气温将降至零下五摄氏度。

tourist

/ˈtʊərɪst/

n.

游客

[可数名词]由“tour（v.&

n.旅行）+-ist（名词后缀）”构成。

Many

tourists

think

highly

of

Yangzhou

for

its

beautiful

places

of

interest.许多游客因扬州美丽的名胜

而对其高度赞扬。#1.23

Also,

tourists

disappear

from

beaches

and

seas.同时，游客也会从海滩和海域消失。（教材P68）

词缀拓展

-ist为常见的名词后缀，表示“从事……的人；……专家”。常见的单词有：#1.3artist

艺术家

scientist

科学家dentist牙医

novelist

小说家chemist化学家

physicist

物理学家

benefit

/ˈbenəfɪt/

v.

受益，得益

#14

But

not

only

animals

enjoy

the

change.

Plants

benefit,

too.

不过，不仅是动物受益于这种变化，植物也会受益。（教材P68）benefit

from...从……获益#1.1

In

fact,

I

have

benefited

from

these

changes.事实上，我已经从这些改变中获益。

词义拓展n.

益处；成效the

benefit

of...……的益处

She

realised

the

benefits

of

sports

and

is

now

a

big

fan

of

biking.她意识到了运动的好处，现在是骑行的疯

狂爱好者。#1.2.2.1

admire/ədˈmaɪə/

v.

欣赏，观赏

People

always

admire

the

moon

on

the

Mid-Autumn

night.人们总是在中秋夜赏月。#1.15

But

there

aren’t

any

people

to

admire

such

an

amazing

world.

但是那时却没有人来欣赏这绝美的世界。（教材P69）

词义拓展

v.

钦佩；赞赏admire

sb.

for

(doing)

sth.

因（做）某事而钦佩某人

We

all

admire

him

for

his

ability

to

sing.我们都钦佩

他的歌唱才能。#1.2.2

rapid/ˈræpɪd/

adj.

快速的，迅速的

These

experiences

open

students’

eyes

to

modern

China’s

rapid

development.这些经历让学生们见识到了当代中国的快速发展。#1.26

The

rapid

development

of

human

society

has

made

us

care

less

for

nature.人类社会的快速发展让我们对自然的关注日益减少。（教材P69）

rapid，fast与quick三者都有“快速的，迅速的”之意，区别如下：#1.3.1rapid稍正式些，最常用于描述事物变化的速度，而非运动或完成的速度；常与名词change、growth、increase、development等连用。The

area

has

seen

a

rapiddevelopment.

这个地区发展迅速。fast常用于描述高速运动的人或事物；常与名词car、train、pace等连用。It

is

the

fastest

train

in

the

world.它是世界上最快的火车。quick常用于描述迅速或立即完成的事；常与名词glance、reply、decision等连用。She

gave

him

a

quick

glance.她迅速扫了他一眼。

cancel

/ˈkænsəl/

v.

取消

→同义短语为call

off其过去式和过去分词均为cancelled或canceled,

现在分词为cancelling或canceling。7

But

the

world

isn’t

a

game.

We

can’t

cancel

it

and

start

over.

但是，世界不是一场游戏，我们无法将它取消并重新开始。（教材P69）

I’m

afraid

I’ll

have

to

cancel

our

meeting

tomorrow.恐怕我得取消我们明天的会议。

All

flights

have

been

cancelled

because

of

the

bad

weather.因天气恶劣，所有航班均已取消。典例

根据句意及汉语提示填写单词。Our

plan

to

visit

another

farm

was

_________________

（取消）

because

of

the

heavy

snow.cancelled/canceled[解析]

句意：我们去另一个农场参观的计划因为大雪被取消了。此处plan和谓语动词之间是被动关系，因此空处应填cancel“取消”的过去分词，故填cancelled/canceled。

get

along

with与……和谐相处相当于get

on

with。#1.18

We

need

to

think

more

about

how

to

get

along

with

nature.我们需要更多地思考如何与自然和谐相处。（教材P69）

It’s

important

to

learn

how

to

get

along/on

with

your

classmates

at

school.在学校学习如何与同班同学和睦

相处是很重要的。

用法拓展get

along/on

with

sth.（谈及或问及工作情况等）进展

How

are

you

getting

along/onwith

your

novel?你的小说写得怎么样了？#1.3.2

permit

/pəˈmɪt/

v.

允许→permission

n.

允许#19

...let

us

permit

nature

to

have

her

way.

……让我们顺其自然吧。（教材P69）permit

sb.

to

do

sth.允许某人做某事sb.

be

permitted

to

do

sth.某人被允许做某事

Permit

me

to

offer

you

some

advice.请允许我向你提些建议。

Visitors

are

not

permitted

to

take

photographs.参观者请

勿拍照。

词义拓展n.

许可证

Do

you

have

a

resident’s

parking

permit?你有居民停车

许可证吗？#1.2.1.1

harm

/hɑ:m/

v.

损害；危害；伤害

n.伤害，损害

10

Some

organisations

harm

the

environment.

These

organisations

should

be

punished.一些组织破坏环境。这些组织应当受到惩罚。（教材P71）（1）harm在此作及物动词，意为“损害；危害；伤害”。

Ocean

pollution

can

harm

sea

life.海洋污染会伤害海洋生物。

My

dog

would

never

harm

anyone.我的狗不会伤害任

何人。（2）harm还可作名词，意为“伤害，损害”。do

harm

to…

对……有害

Try

to

choose

products

that

do

the

least

harm

to

the

environment.尽量选择对环境损害最小的产品。

词形拓展

harmful

adj.有害的be

harmful

to

对……有害

Noise

is

a

kind

of

pollution

and

it

is

harmful

to

our

hearing.噪声是一种污染，对我们的听力有害。

Their

mother

punished

them

for

their

rudeness.他们的妈妈因他们的粗鲁行为而惩罚了他们。#2.2.1

punish

/ˈpʌnɪʃ/

v.

处罚，惩罚#2punish

sb.

for

(doing)

sth.

因（做）某事而处罚某人punish

sb.

by

doing

sth.以做某事惩罚某人

My

parents

used

to

punish

me

by

letting

me

clean

the

room.过去我的父母常以让我打扫房间来惩罚我。

词形拓展

punishment

n.惩罚手段；处罚既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词。givesb.apunishment给某人惩罚as(a)punishment作为惩罚#2.3.2

If

you

break

the

rules,

the

school

will

give

you

a

punishment.如果你违反规定，学校会对你进行处罚。

I

was

sent

to

wash

the

dishes

as

a

punishment.我被罚

去洗碗。#2.3.2.2