Unit 3 Grammar and usage 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语（牛津译林版2020必修第一册）

GrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbsObserveanddiscussthegreentreetheinterestingbookafrightenedboyawomandoctorawashingmachine修饰、限定和说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分是定语。attributive除了形容词可以充当定语之外，名词，代词，数词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式（短语），分词等也可充当定语。friendlyThedefinitionofrestrictiverelativeclausesThe

girlismyfriend.Thegirlismyfriend.Thegirlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.跟在一个名词或代词后进行修饰限定的句子，就叫做定语从句。充当主句定语的句子Thegirlwhoisfriendlyismyfriend.Thestructureofrestrictiverelativeclauses主句antecedent先行词relativepronoun关系代词从句结构：先行词+关系词+从句

关系词及其意义关系词指代人指代事物所属关系指地点指时间指原因who,

thatwhich,thatwhosewherewhenwhy关系代词关系副词TheboywhobrokethewindowisTom.Heisthemanwhowearewaitingfor.Thisistheteacherwhomwelikebest.Observeandthink--whoandwhomWho指人，充当从句主语和宾语，Whom指人，只充当从句宾语。宾语主语宾语Observeandthink--thatandwhichAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.ThisisthepenwhichheboughtThat指人或物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）Which指物，作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略）主语宾语主语宾语Observeandthink--whoseThisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichcoverisblue.ThegirlwhosehairisgoldenisAmy.ThegirlofwhomhairisgoldenisAmy.Whose表示先行词与whose后的名词为所属关系。可指人或物，可与ofwhich/whom互换。Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapplethat

isred.修饰先行词anapple

主语主语Ilikesomefriends.

Somefriendslikesports.Ilikesomefriendswho

likesports.修饰先行词friends

主语主语/thatIlikethemusic.Icandancetothemusic.IlikethemusicthatIcandanceto.宾语宾语关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。Ilikethegirl.Youaretalkingto

thegirl.Ilikethegirlwhoyouaretalkingto.宾语宾语/that关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。从句主宾表的判断1.找到从句的谓语动词；2.谓语动词前少成分——3.谓语动词后少成分——4.Be动词后少成分——主语宾语表语练习：判断Who/that在从句中担任主语还是宾语。IlovesingerswhowritetheirownsongsHeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.Ipreferasandwichthatisreallydelicious.主语宾语主语关系代词用法

关系代词指代

在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose人／物

主／宾物

主／宾人

主／宾人宾

人／物

定—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthewatch_______Iboughtyesterday.A．which B．who C．whose—Doyouknowthelittleboy______ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?—No.Buthowniceheis!A.whichB.whoC.whom—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?—Ilikemusic______Icandanceto.A.whose B.when C.who D.that--Isthereanyonehere______nameis

Betty?--Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whoseJohnistheboy_____legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whose

B.thatC.who

D.which

关系副词：where,when,why（在从句中做状语）地方(n.)+where+从句时间(n.)+when+从句原因(n.)+why+从句

when作时间状语Shewillneverforgettheday.Shegotthefirstprizeonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedayshegotthefirstprize.whenwhere作地点状语Hewanttoknowtheplace.Hewasbornthere.Hewanttoknowtheplacehewasborn.wherewhy作原因状语——其先行词常常是thereason.Iknowthereason

whyhesaidit.Shedidn’ttellmethereason

whysherefusedtheoffer.状语的判定从句主谓宾或主系表完整时间，地点，原因三大状语1.When——表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词如:time,day,hour,year等。）。2.Where

——表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词如:

place,room,house,city,country等。)。3.Why——

表示原因，常用在先行词reason。

1.Hestillremembertheday_____hemetthegreatmaninthestreet.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that2.Thatisthereason_____heisleavingsosoon.A.whichB.thatC.whyD.where3.Thisisthehotel_____theystayedlastmonth.A.whichB.thatC.how

D.where1.Thewindowsanddoorscamefromoldbuilding_______werebeingpulleddown.A./B.thatC.whereD.when2.—Thevillage_______Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.—Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.why主语宾语定语从句一般解题步骤：1.找到先行词（一般在横线前）；2.判断从句中缺什么成分或先行词在从句中充当什么成分3.套用句型：主宾表——that/which/who定语——whose状语——where/when/why人(n.)+who/that

+从句物(n.)+that/which

+从句地方(n.)+where+从句时间(n.)+when+从句原因(n.)+why+从句I’llneverforgetthemuseum__________wevisitedtogether.Wearelivinginanage___________isseeinggreatchanges.Thereason___________hegaveusisnottrue.antecedent

(which/that)antecedent

which/thatantecedent

(which/that)wevisitedthemuseumtogethertheageisseeinggreatchangeshegaveusthereasonI’llneverforgetthemuseum__________thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanage___________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason___________hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.thepaintingsaresoappealing

inthemuseummanythingsaredoneoncomputerintheagehedidn’tcometoschoolforthereason

where

when

whyI’llneverforgetthemuseum(which/that)

wevisitedtogether.I’llneverforgetthemuseumwhere

thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanagewhich/thatisseeinggreatchanges.Wearelivinginanagewhen

manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason(which/that)hegaveusisnottrue.Thereasonwhy

hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.关系副词when,where,why和介词+which之间的关系关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=forwhich

介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法是看先行词的习惯搭配,再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.

TipsThemoney____whichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.Hewillneverforget

theday____whichhefailedintheexam.Thisis

themountainvillage____whichIstayedlastyear.I’llneverforget

thefarm______whichIworkedtogetherwithyou.withthemoney用钱onwithinonontheday在那天inthemountainvillage在山村onthefarm在农场1.Iwon’tforgettheday

onwhichIwasborn.

2.Thisistheroom

inwhichIlived.

3.Idon’tknowthereason

forwhichhehaven’tcometoday.

4.Tomstillremembersthedays

duringwhichtheylivedinTianjin.5.Hangzhouistheplace

towhichIwentlastyear.

=when=where=why=when=where1.Iwillneverforgetthesedays__________weworkedtogetherinthecountry.2.Thisisthepark____________youtookphotoslastSunday.3.Thatwasthereason__________helookedold.

when/onwhichwhere/inwhichwhy/forwhich对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1.Theroom___________________heoncelivedisstillthere.

Theroom___________________Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.where/inwhich(that/which/省略)2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______________

Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday______________wespenttogether.when/onwhich(that/which/省略)

Thereason_____________Idon’tknowisknowntohim.(that/which)why/forwhich3.

Thereason________________Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.1)Thereason______Peterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.2)Iremembertheday______myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.3)Pleasegivemethereason______youwerelatethistime.4)Iwillgobacktotheplace______Igrewupandlivethereforever.WhyWhenwhyWhereExercise:ExploretherulesFindthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleonpage34.Arealfriendissomeonewhowalksin…

Arealfriendissomeonewhosesupportwecancounton.Arealfriendissomeonewhoseesourtrueself……notjustthefacethatweshowtotheworld.…themoderntoolsthatkeepusconnected……thefriendswhomwelove.…thevalueswhichmattermosttous.…theconnecnwhichweshare.先行词可以是人也可以是物ExploretherulesBApplyingtherules:Answer1.Commoninterestsproviderichgroundfromwhichmanyfriendshipsgrow.2.Friendshipsgrowbestbetweenfriendswhosecommunicationiswarmandopen.3.Friendshipsarelikeflowerswhich/thatneedtobetakengoodcareof.BApplyingtherules:4.Arelationshipwithatruefriend(whom/that/who)youcancountonwillsurelyproducefruit.5.Tomakefriends,youshouldhelpotherstheway

(inwhich/that)youhavebeenhelped.theway做先行词时，引导词可用inwhich,that或不填which/thatwhosewho/that(which/that)whichwhom/that/whowho/thatFi