2026届湖北省小升初数学分班考试模拟试卷（含答案详解与评分标准）

2026届湖北省小升初数学分班考试模拟试卷（含答案详解与评分标准）学校：________________班级：__________姓名：____________考号：____________考试时间满分试卷结构80分钟100分选择题30分；填空题18分；解答题52分注意事项：1．本卷用于2026届湖北省小升初数学分班考试考前检测，题目覆盖数与代数、图形与几何、统计与概率、综合实践等内容。2．选择题每题只有一个正确答案，请将答案填在题后括号内；填空题只写结果，必要时保留规定精度。3．解答题应写出必要的计算过程、数量关系、公式代入和单位，答案不完整或只写结果将酌情扣分。4．全卷计算中未特别说明时，圆周率取3.14；单位换算、百分数、比和比例计算要注意书写规范。一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。每题只有一个正确答案）1．湖北某地一次校园科技节参观人数统计为6081400人，四舍五入到“万”位约是（）。A．608万B．609万C．6081万D．61万2．计算的结果是（）。A．B．C．D．3．一本数学阅读书标价48元，先因装订升级提价25%，再按八折销售，实际销售价是（）。A．38.4元B．45元C．48元D．60元4．3台打印机5小时打印450页资料。照这样的效率，5台同型号打印机4小时可打印（）页。A．480B．600C．720D．9005．一个平行四边形与一个三角形等底等高，底都是12cm，高都是7cm。平行四边形面积比三角形面积多（）。A．42cm²B．84cm²C．21cm²D．不能确定6．观察数列：2，5，11，23，47，……，按规律下一个数是（）。A．71B．83C．91D．957．小明前5次数学测评成绩分别是92分、88分、94分、90分和一个未知成绩，平均分为91分，则未知成绩是（）。A．89分B．91分C．93分D．95分8．若，则x的值是（）。A．5B．6C．7.5D．129．一个长方体水箱长4dm、宽3dm、高2.5dm，水面高度为水箱高度的五分之四，水箱中有水（）升。A．18B．20C．24D．3010．一个盒子里有4个红球、3个蓝球、5个白球，球除颜色外完全相同。至少任意摸出（）个球，才能保证其中有两个球颜色相同。A．4B．5C．6D．7二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）11．把0.45化成分数和百分数：。12．60是一个数的40%，这个数是________。13．一幅地图的比例尺是1:200000，图上3.5cm表示实际距离________km。14．一个圆柱形笔筒底面半径3cm，高5cm，它的侧面积是________cm²。（π取3.14）15．观察分数：，按规律下一个分数是________。16．一项工程，甲单独做6天完成，乙单独做9天完成。两人合作2天后，还剩这项工程的________。三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共52分。请写出必要的解题过程）17．（8分）计算与解方程。（1）计算：（2）解方程：【作答区】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18．（8分）校园要整理一块组合花坛。花坛由一个长18m、宽10m的长方形和一个以10m为直径的半圆拼成，长方形内部还要挖去一个三角形水池，三角形底为12m、高为6m。其余部分全部种植花草。π取3.14，求种植花草的面积。要求：先写出长方形、半圆和三角形面积的计算式，再求出最终面积，单位写完整。【作答区】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19．（8分）甲、乙两地相距180km。一辆货车从乙地开往甲地，每小时行45km；半小时后，一辆客车从甲地开往乙地，每小时行60km。客车出发后多少小时两车相遇？相遇时客车行了多少千米？提示：先考虑货车提前半小时行驶的路程，再用相遇问题的数量关系求时间。【作答区】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20．（8分）六（1）班48名学生参加分班前综合素养社团体验，报名结果如下：科技社团人数占全班25%，书法社团比科技社团多4人，其余参加足球社团。社团科技书法足球人数（）人（）人（）人（1）把表格补充完整；（2）求足球社团人数约占全班人数的百分之几（百分号前保留一位小数）；（3）若科技、书法、足球体验材料费分别为每人15元、12元、10元，求全班共需材料费多少元。【作答区】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21．（10分）某书店为小升初分班复习采购甲、乙两类练习册共240本，甲、乙本数的比是3:5。甲类每本进价18元，乙类每本进价12元。销售时，甲类按进价加价25%定价，乙类按进价加价20%定价；售出时有六分之一的乙类练习册按九折销售，其余均按定价售出。（1）甲、乙两类练习册各采购多少本？（2）全部售完后营业额是多少元？（3）这批练习册的总利润率约是多少？（百分号前保留一位小数）【作答区】________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22．（10分）分班考试结束后，学校组织新生综合实践。共有180名学生和12名教师参加，需要租车并购买饮用水。车辆和饮用水方案如下。项目规格单价备注大车限乘45人650元/辆每辆车至少安排1名教师小车限乘30人480元/辆每辆车至少安排1名教师饮用水套餐每箱瓶数单价A套餐24瓶36元/箱B套餐36瓶48元/箱（1）至少需要租几辆车？说明理由。（2）若只租5辆车，在能坐下全部师生的前提下，怎样租车总车费最少？（3）按最省租车方案，每辆车另备6瓶水，且每人至少1瓶水。怎样购买饮用水最省钱？车辆和饮水合计至少需要多少元？【作答区】________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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参考答案与解析说明：选择题每题3分，填空题每题3分；解答题按步骤给分，结果正确但缺少关键过程的，应根据评分标准适当扣分；单位、百分号、近似值和答语缺失时酌情扣0.5—1分。一、选择题答案与关键理由1．A6081400读作六百零八万一千四百，四舍五入到“万”位时，看千位上的1，小于5，舍去后为608万。C把原数读成了6081万，D把数级混淆，B是误把千位进1。2．C先算乘法，再通分相加减。3．C提价25%后价格为48×1.25=60（元），再打八折即60×0.8=48（元）。先提价再打折不是只计算一次折扣，两个百分率要连续作用。4．B3台打印机5小时共打印450页，则每台每小时打印450÷3÷5=30（页）。5台4小时打印30×5×4=600（页）。5．A等底等高的三角形面积是平行四边形面积的一半。平行四边形面积为12×7=84（cm²），三角形面积为12×7÷2=42（cm²），相差42cm²。6．D每一项都等于前一项乘2再加1：2×2+1=5，5×2+1=11，23×2+1=47，所以下一个数为47×2+1=95。7．B5次平均分为91分，总分应为91×5=455分；已知四次总分为92+88+94+90=364分，未知成绩为455-364=91分。8．B合并同类项，3x-0.5x=2.5x，2.5x=15，x=6。9．C长方体体积为4×3×2.5=30（dm³），水占五分之四，水的体积为30×4/5=24（dm³），1dm³=1L，所以是24升。10．A共有红、蓝、白3种颜色。最不利情况先摸出3个球，三种颜色各1个；再摸1个，无论是什么颜色，都能与前面某个同色，因此至少摸4个。二、填空题答案与解析11．9，450.45=45/100=9/20，同时0.45=45%。分数化简时分子、分母同时除以5。12．150把所求数看作单位“1”，60对应40%，所以这个数为60÷40%=150。13．7比例尺1:200000表示图上1cm对应实际200000cm，3.5cm对应700000cm，700000cm=7000m=7km。14．94.2圆柱侧面积=底面周长×高。15．5/26分子依次为1、2、3、4、5；分母依次为1²+1，2²+1，3²+1，4²+1，所以下一个分母为5²+1=26。答案为5/26。16．四分之九甲每天完成1/6，乙每天完成1/9，合作每天完成1/6+1/9=5/18；合作2天完成10/18=5/9，还剩1-5/9=4/9。三、解答题答案、详解与评分标准17．答案：（1）；（2）。详解：第（1）题先算括号内分数加法，分母12和18的最小公倍数是36；第（2）题先把4.8移到等号右边，再用除法求未知数。方法提示：分数混合运算要先看运算顺序，括号、乘除、加减不能颠倒；解方程时每一步都要保持等式两边相等，移项后应检查是否把小数与分数的关系处理正确。验算时可把x=13代入原方程，左边为7.8+4.8=12.6，与右边相等。评分标准：第（1）题4分，通分求括号内结果2分，除以同分数得1并写出该步1分，减去2/3得1/3并写出结果1分；第（2）题4分，正确移项1分，写出3/5x=7.8得1分，化除为乘或正确除以3/5得1分，得x=13并检验或书写完整得1分。18．答案：183.25m²。详解：组合花坛可分为长方形和半圆，再减去内部三角形水池。半圆直径是10m，所以半径是5m。计算中要注意半圆面积是整圆面积的一半，不能直接用圆面积。答：种植花草的面积是183.25m²。易错提醒：半圆的直径是10m，半径应为5m；三角形水池是要挖去的部分，不能把它加到种植面积中。若学生先把长方形与半圆合并，再减去水池，也可得分。评分标准：写出长方形