高中英语语法专练 第八章 倒装句

第八章倒装句Ⅰ.全倒装：谓语+主语i.表示存在意义的全倒装句1.表示存在意义的句型用倒装句,强调存在的方位,有如下几种:1)There(appear,seem,happen,usedto)+be+主语十其他2)Therestand(lie,live,happen)+主语+其他3)地点状语+谓语+主语十其他2.不指具体地点和时间的副词在句首时引起倒装:There(Here,Now,Then)+come/go/be+主语注意:1)这里there,now等不指具体地点和时间。2)谓语动词常是be,go,come,run等不及物动词。3)主语的数决定谓语动词的数;在两个或两个以上的主语并列存在时,谓语动词的数应与其最近的主语保持一致,详见本书第十二章“主谓一致”。4)主语是代词时,主谓不倒装。专项练习()1.Thereabed,adesk,andtwochairsinhisroom.isB.areC.wereD.be()2.wheneveryonehastothinkforhimself.TherecomesatimeB.TheregoesatimeC.AtimegoesthereD.Atimecomesthere()3.Therebeforeher,fillingeverycornerofthehugeroom,furnitureofallshapes,sizesanduses.therewasB.areC.wasD.therewere()4.--Look,there--Oh,therecomesthebus;comesitB.thebuscomes;itcomesC.comesthebus;itcomesD.thebuscomes;comesit()5.thelastflight.Youhavetostayhereforanothernight.TherecomesB.HerewasC.TheregoesD.Herewehad()6.Thenwehadbeenlookingforwardto.A.camethehourB.thehourcameC.comesthehourD.thehouriscoming()7.Fromthetopofthehillthewholecityanditssurroundings.A.wherecouldbeseenB.couldbeseenC.fromwhichcouldseeD.couldsee()8.Attheheadoftheprocession,eachholdingaredflaginhisorherhand.A.theYoungPioneersmarchedB.marchedtheYoungPioneersC.didtheYoungPioneersmarchD.wheremarchedtheYoungPioneers()9.Onthefloortheboxtheyhadbeenlookingfor.werelyingB.layC.laidD.lying()10.Onthegroundwhichhadgoneintothecave.anoldsickgoatlayB.layanoldsickgoatC.lyinganoldsickgoatD.anoldsickgoatlyingii.方向副词前置的全倒装句“表示方向的副词In(Out,Away,Down,Up,Back,Off,Over等)+不及物动词+主语+其他”。这种句型多用于生动的描写。注意:1)动词多是表示位置移动的动词，如come,go,fly,run,rush,move等。2)主语是代词时,用主谓不倒装结构,即“状语+代词十谓语”。专项练习()1.fromthetable.A.TheboydownjumpedB.DowntheboyjumpedC.DownjumpedtheboyD.Downdidtheboyjumped()2.withtearsinhereyes.OutsherushedB.OutrushedsheC.OutdidsherushD.Rushdidsheout()3.Upwentthepriceand.thelivingstandardcamedownB.camedownthelivingstandardC.downcamethelivingstandardD.downthelivingstandardcame()4.andthelessonbegan.IncametheteacherB.CameintheteacherC.CametheteacherinD.Incomeshe()5.withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoise.RushedheoutB.OutrushedheC.OutherushedD.Outdidherushiii.用于直接引语中的及分词前置的全倒装句1.用于直接引语中的倒装句形式如:“直接引语+谓语+主语(+直接引语)”。注意:主语是人称代词时,主谓--般不倒装。2)谓语较长或带有间接宾语时,不倒装。2.为了表达生动把分词置于句首时引起主谓倒装,形式为:“分词+be+主语+其他"。专项练习()1.Seeingthemoffattheairport.theforeignministerandotherofficialswereB.theforeignministerandotherofficialsC.wastheforeignministerandotherofficialsD.weretheforeignministerandotherofficials()2.inthesandswasanancientvillage.BuryingB.BuriedC.BuryD.Tobury()3.whenweChinesepeoplemustdependonothers.ThedaysgoneareforeverB.ArethedaysgoneforeverC.GoneforeverarethedaysD.Forevergothedays()4.Walkingsidebysidewiththeyoungman.A.aprettygirlisB.isaprettygirlC.theprettygirlwhoisD.whoisaprettygirl()5.“Comeinsir.".saidthegirlwithlonghairB.thegirlwithlonghairsaidC.withlonghair,saidthegirlD.thegirlsaid,withlonghairiv.so/neither/nor/表语前置的全倒装句1.“so+助动词或情态动词+主语”，这种句型表示前文所谈情况也适用于下文的另一人或物。注意:.如果主语指的是同一人或物，so只是起强调作用,放在前面，主谓语用正常语序。2.“neither+助动词或情态动词+主语",表示前文所谈的否定情况，也适合于后文的他人或他物。3.表语放句首时引起句子倒装，其形式为:“表语+be+主语(名词)+其他”。专项练习()1.-IcanspeakEnglish.-.SoIcanB.SOcanyouC.socanID.sodoI()2.Theyhaveallgotup,and.JackhastooB.SohasJackC.Jackhasn'tD.alsohasJack()3.Iadvisethemtowithdraw.soastogetnotinvolvedB.soasnottogetinvolvedC.sothatnottogetinvolvedD.asnottogetinvolved()4.Ifshegothere,l.doesn't,neitherdoB.doesn’t,norwillC.won't,neitherwillD.will,nordo()5.Ifyouwon'tagreetoourplan,.neithertheywillB.neitherwon'ttheyC.theywon'tneitherD.neitherwillthey()6.Ihaven'tworkedtherelong,and.neitheryouhaveB.neitherhaveyouC.youhaveneitherD.noryouhave()7.Hedidn'tknowtheanswer,and.neitherdidIB.IdidneitherC.sodidID.Ididso()8.fortheboywhoworked14hoursaday.TherewardwassuchB.SuchwastherewardC.WassuchtherewardD.Therewardsuchwas()9.astheoldmantoldLi.WassuchthefairytaleB.SuchthefairytalewasC.DidthefairytalewassuchD.Suchwasthefairytale()10.Suchanoise.thatIcouldn'tgoonwithmywork.doeshemakeB.madeheC.hemadeD.didhemakeⅡ.部分倒装i.否定词前置的部分倒装句“否定词语+助动词或情态动词+主语+谓语”,这种句型用于强调否定的意义。常见的否定词语有:never,little,seldom,hardly,rarely,notuntil,innoway,bynomeans,nowhere,notabit,atnotime,scarcely,not,undernocircumstances,atnopoint,onnocondition/account,few,neither等。专项练习()1.Nevertimecomeagain,haslostB.willlostC.willloseD.lose()2.Notuntilmidnightraining.itdidstopB.itstoppedC.stoppeditD.diditstop()3.Itissohardforpeopletounderstandhisbehavior.Neverhisthoughts.youcanlearnB.canyoumasterC.youcanstudyD.canyouread()4.Notuntilhehadtalkedtothemhehadbeenwrong.didherealizedB.herealizedC.didherealizeD.hedidn'trealize()5.Littletogetsuchawarmwelcome.didIexpectB.IexpectedC.IdidexpectD.wasIexpect()6.forgetthedayswhenweweretogether.NeverIshallB.NevershallIc.InevershallD.NeverdoIshall()7.tothatpartofthecountrybefore.NeverIhadbeenB.NeverhadIbeenC.NeverdidIhavebeenD.NeverhaveIbeen()8.Nowhereelsesuchawonderfulsightashere.IhaveeverseenB.haveIeverseenC.IeversawD.didIeversee()9.Hereceivedaletterafewdaysagoandnotuntilthen.thathehadwonascholarship.didhelearnB.helearntC.doeshelearnD.didhelearnt()10.Seldomsuchbeautifulscenes.IsawB.IhaveseenC.haveIseenD.didIseen()11.Innootherwaythemattertothosewhosuspectourintention.weshallexplainB.wecanexplainC.canweexplainD.forustoexplain()12.Onnoaccountoutofthereading-room.maythesemagazinestakeB.maythesemagazinesbetakenC.thesemagazinesbetakenD.thesemagazinesmaytake()13himtellaliesincewebecamegoodfriends.NeverhadIheardB.NeverIhadheardC.NeverhaveIheardD.NeverIhaveheard()14.Littlethathewasseriouslyillhimself.A.theoldmanknowB.theoldmanknewC.didtheoldmanknowD.didtheoldmanknew()15.Notuntilyesterdayhismind.didhechangeB.hechangedC.hadhechangedD.hehadchanged()16.Hehasbeentoldundernocircumstancesthecomputer.hemayuseB.heusemayC.mayheuseD.mayusehe()17.Neverbeforeafirstprize.hashewonB.didhewinC.hashewinD.didhewon()18.Seldomherfeelings.sheshowedB.didsheshowC.didsheshowedD.hassheshowing()19.Neveroncetothez00.thegirlhasbeentakenB.thegirlwastakenC.hasthegirlbeentakenD.wasthegirltook()20.couldyoufindabetteradviser.A.EverywhereB.WhereverC.NowhereD.Whereii.only前置的部分倒装句“Only+状语+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他”。这种句型用于强调和限定状语的意义,常表示.只有....才”。注意:当only强调和限定的是主语,即“Only+主语放句首时,语序不倒装。专项练习()1.Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918，getbacktowork.hewasabletoB.hecouldbeabletoC.washeabletoD.couldhebeableto()2.intheaccident.OnlywerefivemenseriouslyhurtB.OnlydidfivemenwereseriouslyhurtC.OnlyfivemenwereseriouslyhurtD.Onlyfivemenwereseriouslyhurted()3.Onlyinthedreamworldasabirdandswimasafishfreely.IcanflyB.flyIC.canIflyD.Ifly()4.Onlyperformthatoperation.canagooddoctorB.agooddoctorcanC.candoagooddoctorD.doesagooddoctor()5.succeedindoinganything.OnlybyworkinghardwecanB.ByonlyworkinghardwecanC.OnlybyworkinghardcanweD.Onlywecanworkinghard()6.Onlyaftersheheardherbrother'sstepsthedoor.sheopenedB.doessheopenC.didsheopenedD.didsheopen()7.Onlywhenyouhavebeenfamiliarwiththeplan,.thenyou'llbeabletocarryitout.B.canyoubeabletocarryitout.C.andyouwillbeabletocarryoutit.D.willyoubeabletocarryitout.iii.几个固定的部分倒装句表示“一……就……”时用以下句型:Nosooner+had+主语+过去分词+than+从句2)Hardly+had+主语+过去分词+when+从句3)Scarcely+主语+过去分词+when+从句“Notonly+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其他+butalso+(省略的)并列句”表示“不但……而且……”用于说明前后并列句的情况一致,在语气上更强调后者。注意:1)notonly..butalso连接两个并列主语时，主语后的语序不倒装。2)连接两个并列分句时,notonly引导的前一个分句倒装,后一个则用正常语序。专项练习()1.Hardlytheofficewhenitbegantorain.didIleaveB.hadIleftC.IleftD.Ihadleft()2.whenshestartedcomplaining.NotuntilhearrivedB.NosoonerhadhearrivedHardlyhadhearrivedD.Scarcelydidhearrive()3.Nosoonerdownthetelephonerang,.hadIlain;thanB.Ihadlain;thanC.Ihadlaid;thanD.hadIlaid;than()4.Nosooner_____theboyfallintothepondthanhetohisfeetandwenttotherescue.hehadseen;jumpedB.hadheseen;jumpedC.hasheseen;isjumpedD.didhesee;hadjumped()5.Notonly,buthewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.heworkedhardhimselfB.didheworkedhardhimselfC.doesheworkhardhimselfD.didheworkhardhimself()6.affectedbythelaw.NotonlyaremenbutalsowomenandchildrenB.NotonlymenbutalsoarewomenandchildrenC.NotonlycanmenbutalsowomenandchildrenbeD.Notonlymenbutalsowomenandchildrenare()7.Notonlyreadinginterestingstoriesbutalsohecanevenwritesome.doeshelikeB.helikesC.hadhelikedD.likeshe()8.Notonlyawayfromhim,butalsohiscitizenship.A.everythinghadhetakenB.hadeverythinghetakenC.waseverythinghetakenD.waseverythinghehadtaken()9.Notonlyherhowtodoit,butheofferedtohelpheraswell.A.didheshowB.heshowedC.didheshowedD.doesheshowiv.虚拟语气中的部分倒装句虚拟语气条件句中省去连词if时,从句主谓部分倒装:“Were(had,should)+主语+谓语动词十虚拟主句”。专项练习()1.，Iwouldhavephonedyou,A.IfIknowitB.HadIknownitC.ifIknewitD.DidIknowit()2.foryourhelp,we'dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.HaditnotB.HaditnotbeenC.IfitwerenotD.Ifwehadnotbeen()3.heretomorrow,hewouldshowushisnewpictures.WerehetocomeB.ShouldhecomeC.HadhecomeD.AandB()4.，Icouldhavedonesomething.A.ToldyoumeearlierB.ShouldyoutellmeearlierC.WereyoutotellmeearlierD.Hadyoutoldmeearlier()5.likethatagain,hewouldbepunished.A.ActshouldheB.ActheshouldC.ShouldheactD.Wereheactv.让步状语从句中的部分倒装形式as/though引导的让步状语从句，其倒装形式为:“副词/形容词/名词/动词+as(though,that)+主语+谓语”,相当于although引导的让步状语从句。注意:1)这种句型中提前的常是限制主语的形容词副词、过去分词或名词。2)提前的表语是单数可数名词时,名词前不加a/an;但是有形容词修饰的名词前置时，不定冠词不能省略。3)动词提前后,主语后还应有一个情态动词may,might等或助动词do等。专项练习()1._,wegotupveryearlyasusual.AscoldwastheweatherB.ColdastheweatherwasC.ColdaswastheweatherD.Astheweatherwascold()2.,shedaredtothink,speakupandact.AsshewasagirlB.AgirlasshewasC.GirlaswassheD.Girlthoughshewas()3.,hewantedtobuyhisdaughteraChristmasgift.ShortofmoneyaswasheB.ShortofmoneyashewasC.BecausehewasshortofmoneyD.Lackofmoneyashewas()4.TryImight,Icouldnotconvincehimofmystory.asB.althoughC.becauseD.nomatterhow()5.,wecontinuedourway.AsterriblethestormwasB.TerribleasthestormwasC.AsterriblewasthestormD.Terriblethestormaswasvi.频率副词so,such,neither..nor前置的部分倒装句1.“Often(Always,Once,Onceaweek,Frequently,Manyatime,Nowandagain,Thus,Hence)+助动词+主语+谓语+其他”,用于强调前置的状语所表示的意义。2.“So+形容词/副词+助动词+主语+其他+that-结果状语从句”，用于强调形容词/副词所表示的意义。3.“Such+(a/an+)形容词+名词+助动词+主语+其他+that结果状语从句”,用于强调名词所表示的意义。4.“Neither+助动词+主语+谓语+其他..or+主语+(并列省略句)”表示“既不……也不……”专项练习()1.notseePapauntiltheevening.OftendidIB.OftenIdidC.IdidoftenD.OftenI()2.Sofastthatitisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.lighttravelB.islighttravelC.doeslighttravelD.travelslight()3.Soexcitedthatshecouldn'thelpcryingatthattime.sheseemedB.wassheseemedC.didsheseemD.shedidseem()4.Sobadlyintheaccidentthathehadtostayinthehospitalfortreatment.didheinjureB.hedidinjureC.washeinjuredD.heinjured()5.thatherclassmatesoftenmakefunofher.SostrangelyisshedressedB.SostrangelysheisdressedC.SostrangelydoesshedressD.Sostrangelyshedresses()6.Shedoesnotlikeshopping,.A.andshedoesnotlikecooking,tooB.neithershedoeslikecookingC.eitherdoesshelikecookingD.nordoesshelikecooking()7.EitheryououIwrongwiththisword'spronunciation.amB.doesC.doD.makes()8.knowaboutthat,nordoIwantto.NeitherdoIB.NeitherIC.IneitherD.Ieither()9.Thisdressdoesn'tfitme.doesthatone.NorB.ASC.SoD.And()10.Hetooknonoticeoftheschoolrules,attentiontotheteacher'swords.neitherdidhepayanyB.nothepaidanyC.norhepaidsomeD.nordidhepaidany()11.Shecan'tfinishherhomeworkontime.A.SocanIB.AlsoIcan'tc.Ican't,tooD.NeithercanI综合练习根据提示,将下列句子翻译完整。1.他们来了。There.2.不仅老师本人对足球感兴趣,他的所有学生也开始对此表现出兴趣。Notonly,butalso.3.生活在讲英语的国家里很艰难，我决心把英语学好。Sodifficult.4.万一当初Bob走到河岸那么远的话会发生什么事情呢?Whatwouldhavehappened?5.只有当战争结束了,年轻的士兵才回到了他的家乡。Onlywhenthewarwasover.6.只有通过努力工作你才能有望增加工资。Onlywithhardwork.7.昨天的晚会上她唱了不只一首歌曲。Notasinglesong.8.我一生从来没有这么高兴过!Neverinallmylife！9.--Itwascarelessofyoutohaveleftyourclothesoutsideallnight.--MyGod!(我也如此).10.Rose很少在乎自己的安全,尽管她自己也身处巨大的危险中。Little，thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.11.虽然年轻,但他在英语教学方面颇具经验。Young,hehasmuchexperienceinteachingEnglish.12.小偷一进房子就被捉了。Hardly.13.直到昨天下午雨才停了。Notuntilyesterdayafternoon.14.只有处于她的地位,我才能买这么好的车。Onlyinherplace.15.Jane不怎么会游泳.Anne也不会。Janecouldhardlyswim,.16.他不再适合做这个班的班长了..Nolonger.17.你和我都不能做此事。Neither.18.这里不但需要作家也需要演员。Notonlyawriterbutalso.19.河岸上矗立着他曾经住过的房子。Ontheriverbank.20.在世界上任何别的地方你都不可能找到和北京一样美丽的地方。Nowhereelseintheworld.21.他一开始讲话我就感到有什么不对劲儿的事情。Nosooner.22.他来阅览室很少迟到。Seldom.23.以前我从来没有看过像《英雄》这么好的电影。Neverbefore.24.万一明天下雪,我们就不能离开。Should.，wewouldnotleave.25.他一坐下就听见有敲门的声音。Scarcely.26.--Thegirllikessinginganddancing.--.(她确实如此).27.有这么大的噪音,我无法让别人听见自己的声音。Suchabignoise.28.门开后跑出来-条狗。Out.29.他几乎不知道警察就要逮捕他。Little