高中英语语法专练 第十二章 主谓一致

第十二章主谓一致i.并列主语的主谓一致1.主谓一致的三原则1)语法一致的原则:主语和谓语的数在语法形式上是一致的。2)就近原则:谓语动词与离其最近的主语在数上保持一致。3)意义一致的原则:在意义上主语和谓语动词的单复数是保持一致的。2.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。但当并列主语指的是同一人或物、同一事情或同一概念时，动词用单数形式。常见的指同一人或事物的并列主语有:cartandhorse,warandpeace,needleandthread,coffeeandmilk,breadandbutter,lawandorder,watchandchain,ironandsteel,forkandknife,allworkandnoplay,scienceandtechnology,truthandhonesty等。3.冠词在并列主语中的用法1)在“并列修饰语+单数名词"结构中,并列主语指同一人或事物时共用一个冠词,主语为单数。2)and连接两个带冠词的名词时,主语为复数,指不同的人或事物。4.当结构是and+not时,谓语与and前的主语--致。5.当and连接的并列主语前分别由each,every,no,manya等修饰时,谓语用单数。但是，当each放在并列主语之后作同位语时，谓语不受影响。6.由both..and连接两个并列主语时,谓语用复数。7.由notonly..but(also),no...but,either..or,neither..nor,or连接主语时,谓语的数根据就近原则而定。8.在疑问句或主谓倒装句子中，谓语与前一个主语一致。9.由疑问副词并列构成的主语从句,不管疑问词有多少,谓语一律用单数。专项练习()1.WritingstoriesandpoemswhatIenjoymost.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.Thefactorydirectorandchiefengineeranexperiencedperson.A.isB.areC.amD.was()3.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgradenotabletosolvetheproblem.areB.wereC.isD.am()4.NeitherJanenorherbrothersaconsentformfortomorrow'sfieldtrip.A.needB.needsC.isneedingD.hasneed()5.Todaythereanumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicationsfortheposition.havebeenB.ishavingC.hasbeenD.aretohave()6.Manyaboytoswimbeforehecanread.A.learnB.arelearningC.havelearntD.learns()7.Notonlythewholenation,butthewholeEurope,indeedthewholehumansocietytoalteritsattitudetoracialproblems.needB.needsC.hasaneedD.haveaneed()8.Itisnotthetoolsascientistusesbuthowheusethetoolsthat.makehimascientistB.madehimtobeascientistC.makehimtobescientistD.makeshimascientist()9.Theplaywriteranddirectorpromisedtoattendourteaparty.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is()10.ThePremierandtheForeignMinister.presentatthestatebanquetlastnight.areB.wasC.wereD.hada()11.Everypolicemanandfiremanonthealert.havebeenB.wasC.areD.were()12.Thelinebackerandcaptainoftheteamthemostvaluableplayer.havebeenselectedB.hasbeenselectedC.haveselectedD.hasselected()13.eitherheorhisaccountantsgoingtoclaimfortheloss?AreB.WereC.IsD.Does()14.Therenotonlytheearthbutalsoeightotherplanetsinthesolarsystem.areB.wereC.isD.was()15.Eitheryourteacheroryoumistaken.areB.isC.hasD.be()16.NotonlyIbutTomandMaryfondofwatchingtelevision.amB.isC.areD.be()17.BaconandscrambledeggsthestandardAmericanbreakfast.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobe()18.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.aretodecideC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided()19.ItisnotIbutMr.Greenwhoinchargeofthecompany.isB.amC.areD.will.()20.Theeditorandwritertojoinourseminar.istobeinvitedB.aretobeinvitedC.istoinviteD.aretoinviteii.名词作主语1.形式是单数,意义是复数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:people,cattle,police,youth等。2.单复同形的集体名词作主语,如:group,class,team,family,nation,population,public,party,crew,company,union,staff,couple,committee,crowd,firm,orchestra等,根据意义一致原则决定谓语的数。3.Chinese,French,mathematics,statistics,electronics,economics,politics,linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。Chinese,Japanese,French,English表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。4.works(工厂),means(方法)series(系列),deer(鹿),sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如trousers,glasses,scissors,pants等。如果这些词与apairof,acoupleof连用，动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。6.clothes,goods,wages,stairs,taxes,earnings,belongings,savings,leavings作复数用，其后面的谓语动词要用复数。7.news,music,equipment,luggage,information,furniture,advice,progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。专项练习()1.Thenewsagreatblowtoherwhensheheardit.A.IsB.arec.wereD.was()2.Thecrewstandingindifferentpartsoftheshipatthatmoment.A.isB.areC.wereD.was()3.Mathematicsaveryimportantsubject.A.WasB.isC.areD.were()4.Thegovernmenthopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon.A.IsB.hasbeenC.areD.be()5.Thecommitteeamongthemselvesforfouryears.hasbeenarguingB.hasbeenarguedC.havebeenarguingD.havebeenargued()6.TheauxiliarypolicetoreportfordutyattheheadquartersarerequiredB.requiredC.isrequiredD.willrequired()7.Politicsoneofthesubjectsthattaughtinthemiddleschool.A.are;areB.is;areC.shall;isD.were;areiii.复数形式的专有名词作主语1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。专项练习()1.TheUnitedNationsinNewYorkCity.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.ThePhilippinesinthePacificOcean.A.IsB.areC.wasD.were()3.His“SelectedPoems”firstpublishedin1957.A.IsB.wasC.areD.were()4.My"Times"lostyesterday.A.IsB.areC.wasD.were()5.TheSmithstoAmericaonholiday.A.AreB.havegoneC.goesD.hasgoneiv.“名词+短语"作主语1.主语之后带有aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。注意:“morethan+名词”作主语,谓语动词的数与名词的数保持-致。2.主语之后带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto,accompaniedby,without,plus等介词短语时,谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。专项练习()1.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicinelastyear.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent()2.Asiaaswellasothercontinentsveryrichinnaturalresources.A.hasB.haveC.areD.is()3.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking()4.Theteachertogetherwithherstudentspartoftheweekinthelaboratory.workB.havetoworkC.worksD.worked()5.Mathematicsaswellasphysicsalwaysmealotofheadaches.hascausedB.arecausingC.causeD.causes()6.NobodybutSmithandJohninthelabyesterday.areB.hadbeenC.were;D.was()7.Iturntoyouasmyhope.Ifyoufailme,thenmyhonoraswellasmypositionforeverlost.A.beB.areC.isD.was()8.Janetaswellastheotheryoungpeoplewhosentabroadbythegovernmentbroughtupinthesmalltown.A.was;wasB.was;wereC.were;wereD.were;was()9.Mary,alongwithherparents,toParis.A.havemovedB.hasmovedC.aremovingD.havebeenmoving()10.Thepresident,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter,toarriveontheeveningflight.willbeB.isC.aregoingD.are()11.Nobodybutyouwhathehassaid.agreetoB.agreestoC.agreewithD.agreeswith()12.E-mailaswellastelephonemoreandmorepopularindailycommunication.A.havebecomeB.becomeC.arebecomingD.isbecoming()13.Theaudience,aswellasthechairman,deeplymovedbythespeechbeinggivenbytheteacher.A.wasB.wereC.areD.isv.what从句作主语1.一般来说，按照语法-致原则,谓语动词要用单数形式。2.what从句中动词是并列谓语,表示复数意义,主句中的谓语动词用复数。3.what从句作主语,有时候主句的谓语动词与从句表语一致。如果主句的表语是复数,主句谓语动词用复数,否则用单数。专项练习()1.Inmodernsociety,whatweneedbadlylawandorder.wasB.wereC.areD.is()2.Whattheyhavedoneusefultothepeople.A.areconsideredB.isconsideredC.havebeenconsideredD.willbeconsidered()3.Whatthemansaidundertheoathbyseveralotherwitnesses.wasdisputedB.weredisputedC.disputedD.bedisputed()4.WhatI'minneedof_money.isB.areC.wasD.were()5.Whathewantstogetsomebooks.A.isB.areC.wasD.werevi.定语从句中的主谓一致1.一般情况下,关系代词作从句主语时,从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。2.集体名词作先行词,被视作一个整体时,关系代词用which,从句谓语用单数;被视作若干个体的组合时,用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数;常见的集体名词有:family,audience,class,club,government,union,staff,team,couple,committee,crowd,crew,firm,public,orchestra,company等。3.先行词是“oneof+复数名词”时,从句谓语动词用复数。如果先行词是“theright/justthe/theonly/thevery/exactlythe+oneof+复数名词”时,谓语动词用单数。4.强调句型中,形式主语it后面总是接单数is/was;强调主语时,从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持一致。专项练习()1.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhopraised.wereB.wasC.hasD.havebeen()2.HeistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswhofromNewYorkUniversity.isgraduatedB.havegraduatedC.hasgraduatedD.aregraduated()3.HereisamessageofimportancetoeverymanandwomanwhovotesB.voteC.havevotedD.isvoted()4.Heisoneofthespeakerswhoideasperfectlyclear.A.makehisB.makeshisC.maketheirD.makeone's()5.EachoneofuswhonowlivinginthiscityisdestinedtowitnesstheremarkableOlympicGames.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.are()6.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepostintheoffice.arebeinginterviewedB.willinterviewedC.areinterviewedD.tobeinterviewed()7.ItisnotIbutMr.Greenwhoinchargeofthecompany.A.isB.amC.areD.willbe;()8.l,whoyoursincerefriend,haveneverdoubtedthereasonyouwerelateformybirthdayparty.is;whyB.am;whichC.am;whyD.is;which()9.Mr.Brownistheonlyoneofourregularcustomerswhotopayincash.likeB.haslikedC.likesD.haveliked()10.Themuseumhepaidavisitattheendofthestreet.A.standB.standsC.tostandD.tostandsvi.其他情况1.当名词中心词为表示度量、时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语,表示一个整体概念时,谓语动词用单数,强调个体意义时谓语动词用复数。2.当主语由“all/some/any/enough/most/percent/half+of+名词”构成时，谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。当all,some,any,enough,most,percent,half单独作为主语时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。3.主语由"kind/series/sort/type/pileof+名词”构成时,谓语动词的数与修饰名词的kind,series,sort,type,pile等的数保持一致。但是,当主语由“名词+ofthiskind(sort,type等)”构成时,谓语动词的数与名词的数保持一致。4.“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。“thenumberof+复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。5.“majority/portion/part/percentage/therest/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致。如果中心词是one,后面跟由in,outof,of引导的介词短语,谓语动词用单数。6.“oneandahalf+复数名词”或“a/an+名词+andahalf"短语作主语,谓语动词用单数。7.“the+形容词/分词"作主语,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数;表示某个人、物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。8.表示前后照应关系的词组，如theabove,thebelow,theformer,thelatter,thefollowing,therest等,应根据其所指对象来决定谓语动词单复数的形式。9.“agreat/goodmany+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。“manya+名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数。10.“agreatdealof/alotof/lotsof/plentyof/alittleof/alargeamount/alargequantityof等+不可数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用单数。“quantitiesof/amountsof+名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数。11.由and连接两个或两个以上的不定式或动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数。12.表示抽象意义的不定式、分词、名词从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。13.population作主语,谓语动词的数根据意义而定。14.由there,here引导的句子，谓语动词的数应采用就近原则。15.不可数名词前如果有表示数量的复数名词作定语,谓语动词用复数。如“millionsoftonsof/hundredsofboxesof+不可数名词”。one,another,little,alittle,either,much等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。以-one,-body,-thing结尾构成的不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。18.both,few,afew,several,many,others等作主语,谓语动词用复数。19.表示加减乘除的句式,谓语动词用单数。20.savings,belongings,taxes,earnings,leavings,wages等作主语,谓语动词用复数。21.such作主语,谓语动词的数根据意义一致的原则决定。()1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alargeofdesertcoveredtheland.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;have()2.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschoolabroadtostudymedicineslastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent()3.Withthedevelopmentofsocialeconomy,ofthecitizensinthatvillageinbigflats.closeto80percents;liveB.nearly80percentage;liveC.closeto80percent;liveD.nearly80percentages;live()4.Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmencomfortably.iswornB.wearC.wearsD.areworn()5.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotbeendecidedB.aretodecideC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided()6.Wedon'tthinkthatanotherfivedaysnecessaryforus.isB.hasbeenC.areD.havebeen()7.Thenumberofthecarsmadeinourfactorythisyearinyours.ismorethanthatB.aremorethanthoseC.arelargerthanthoseD.islargerthanthat()8.Severalofthecupsinthesetindelivery.wassmashedB.wassmashingC.weresmashedD.weresmashing()9.Collectingstampsasahobbyincreasinglypopularduringthepasttenyears.A.becomesB.becameC.hasbecomeD.havebecome()10.Tenpercentofthemenonthefieldofbattlecallingformedicalassistancethatjustisnotavailableatthepresenttime.islaidB.arelyingC.arelaidD.arelaying()11.Onhisdeskacomputer,afaxmachineandacoupleofphones.haveB.hasC.isthereD.is()12.Thenationwantspeace;onlyaminoritythewartocontinue.A.wantB.wantsC.wantedD.haswanted()13.ThereoneortwothingsthatIhavetomention.isB.areC.hasD.have()14.Tenminutesideasperfectlyclear.makehisB.makeshisC.maketheirD.makeone's()15..ThefirstpartofthelecturewasinterestingbuttherestA.wasdullB.weredullC.hadbeendullD.weretoodull(()16.Everymeanstriedbutwithoutmuchresult.hasbeenB.havebeenC.areD.is()17.Halfoftheaudienceforeigners.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen()18.Anotherthreeweeksnecessaryforustofinishthework,areB.wasC.isD.willhavebeen()19.Plentyoffruits,eggsandvegetablesneededforhealth,A.areB.isC.isbeingD.have()20.Todaythereanumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicantsfortheposition.A.havebeenB.ishavingC.hasbeenD.aretohave()21.Tolistentofinemusicandtohavestimulatingconversationwithgoodfriends,twopleasuresinlife.isB.areC.wasD.hasbeen()22.Ofparticularinteresttovisitorsalargenumberofbookstoresthatsellbooksindifferentlanguages.A.havebeenB.areC.isD.were()23.AlargenumberofEnglishlearnersthelanguagewiththehelpofsoftwarethesedays.islearningB.haslearnedC.arelearningD.learn()24.Thosearemine;therestyours.isB.willbeC.areD.belongto()25.Morethanoneguestinvitedtothedinnerparty.wereB.wasC.hasD.have()26.Oneandhalfapplesleftonthetable.hasB.haveC.isD.are()27.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscitynowonstrike.isB.areC.istobeD.aretobe()28.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredwiththesea.areB.isC.hasbeenD.am()29.Mostofthepopulationinthevillageunder-nourishedinthepast.isB.areC.wasD.were()30.WritingthestoriesandpoemswhatIenjoymost.A.isB.areC.wasD.were综合练习用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks(offer)tothenationasagift.3.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory(notdecide)yet.4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited(be)fifty,butanumberofthem(be)absentfordifferentreasons.5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict(be)coveredwithtreesandgrass.6.Betweenthetworowsoftrees(stand)theteachingbuilding.7.Allthatcanbedone(do).8.Theyeach(have)anewdictionary.9.Sevententhsofthestudentshere(finish)schoolfromabroad.10.Threefifthsofthetaskassignedtous(finish)today.11.Onlyonethirdofthedesksintheschool(repair).12.Morethan60percentofworld'sradioprogrammes(be)inEnglish.13.Thosewho(nothand)intheircompositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.14.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho(praise)bytheirteacher.15.Thewholeclass(listento)theteacherattentivelynow.16.Thesubjectofphysics(have)alwaysinterestedhim.17.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(be)oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.18.Herblindnesstoherchildren'sfaults(be)quiteextraordinary.19.Inwinterwetclothes(oftenhangup)nearafire.20.Nobody(allow)tosmokeinthecinema.21.Theairinbigcities(oftenmake)verydirtybyfactories.22.Therestofthemagazines(sellout)withinhalfanhour.23.Alargenumberofthestudentsinourclass(be)girls.24.TheChinesepeople(be)hard-workingandbrave.25.All(be)presentandall.(be)goingonwell."Ourteachersaid.26.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor(be)askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.27.Maryaswellashersisters(study)