高中英语语法专练 第四章 非谓语动词

第四章非谓语动词Ⅰ.动词不定式i.不定式作主语和表语1.口语中常用it作形式主语。2.若要说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响,常在不定式前加forsb.。3.但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等),不定式前加ofsb.。4.不定式作表语,表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。5.用it作形式主语,其真正的主语也可以是for+theretobe结构。6.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一-是条件,二是结果。7.不定式作表语时,主语也常是what引导的名词性从句，表语说明其内容。8.不定式作表语时,主语部分有行为动词do,不定式可省略to。()1.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedsometimelaterthisafternoon.tosolveB.tobesolvec.beingsolvedD.solving()2.Isitnecessarythegeographybookatonce?forhertoreturnB.thatshemustreturnC.herreturningD.ofhimtoreturn()3.Itforty-fiveminutestherebybus.costs;togetB.costs;gettingC.takes;togetD.takes;getting()4.Thisgrammarpointislater.toexplainB.tohavebeenexplainedC.tobeexplainedD.tobeexplaining()5.Tomseemedthegoodnews.A.tolearnB.tobelearningC.tohavelearnedD.tohavebeenlearningii.不定式作宾语1.只能以不定式作宾语,而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有:(“希望"干)wish,hope,expect,long,desire;(早“打算")plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;(“同意”“否")agree,consent,refuse,decline;(“寻”“问"看)seek,ask,beg;(“选"“定"了)choose,decide,determine,promise;(“尽”“自愿")manage,volunteer,tend;(“称"“失败")claim,fail;(“敢”“装蒜")dare,pretend2.可用于“动词十it+形容词/名词十todosth."结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。3.动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy,glad,pleased,sure,ready,anxious,eager,free,afraid,willing等。4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语,如介词but,except等,当介词前有行为动词do,不定式省去to。5.“疑问词+不定式”常作下列动词的宾语:decide,find,forget,know,learn,remember,settle,consider,wonder等,疑问词可以是what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which等(why除外)。6.有些双宾语及物动词也可以跟“疑问词+不定式”作直接宾语。7.带疑问词的不定式通常也可以作介词的宾语。专项练习()1.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavebeencaused()2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimprovedC.where;tobeimprovingD,when;improving()3.Rememberthemagazinewhenyouhavefinishedreadingit.puttingbackB.havingputbackC.toputbackD.willputback()4.-I'msorry1forgotyourdictionary.-Let'suseLiHua's.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing()5.Atthemoment,Jasonisconsideringnext.todowhatB.whattodoC.doingwhatD.whatdoing()6.Ifirstconsideredtohim,butthenIdecidedhim.writing;phoningB.towrite;tophoneC.writing;tophoneD.towrite;phoning()7.Tomisalwaysforgettingthingshehasdone.Yesterday,heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterpostedC.tohavingpostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter()8.Youdidn'thearuscomeinlastnight.Wetriednoisy.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot()9.MybrotherregrettedalecturegivenbyProf.Wang.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissing()10.1regretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouarmingB.havinginformedc.toinformD.toinforming()11.Hefelttiredwithtypingthelecture.Sohestoppedashortbreak.A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking()12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade()13.Shehadnochoicebutinthecorneroftheroomtosit;weptB.tosit;weepingc.sit;weptD.sat;weeping()14.--Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.--Fine.Whatneeds?IdoB.donec.tobedoneD.todo()15.Thatevening,hesetabout.thereportthenextmorning,A.write;tohandinB.towrite;handinginC.written;tohandinD.writing;tobehandedin()16.Thereseemednothing.todobutforthedoctor.leave;sendB.left;tosendC.left;sendD.leaving;send()17.Doyouthinkitdifficultadolphin?totrain;jumpingB.training;forjumpingC.totrain;jumpD.totrain;tojump()18.Ipreferratherthan.todosomereading;watchingTVB.doingsomereading;watchingTVC.todosomereading;watchTVD.doingsomereading;towatchTV()19.Thetwoboyspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothing.A.studyB.studyingc.tobestudiedD.tobestudyingii.不定式作宾语补足语1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask,allow,advise,beg,callon,expect,force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon,waitfor,arrangefor,askfor,longfor,preparefor,providefor,votefor,callon,counton,relyon等。2.以省略to的不定式作补语的感官动词有:feel(一“感"),listento,hear(二“听");have,let,make(三“使");lookat,see,watch,observe,notice(五“看”)。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中,动词不定式则必须带to,let除外。3.在consider,declare,find,prove,think后常跟tobe不定式作宾语补足语,且tobe常可以省略，如果tobe不定式是完成式，则不能省略。4.在love,hate,like,prefer,want等表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补语。专项练习()1.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.toissueB.beingissuedc.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued()2.Thegirlisoftenlistenedtosongsinthenextroom.practisetosingB.practisesingingC.topractisetosingD.topractisesinging()3.-WhatcanwedotohelpLiMing?-Allwecandoistrythatheshouldstudyevenharder.makinghimtorealizeB.makinghimrealizeC.tomakehimrealizeD.tomakehimtorealize()4.Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearingD.disappeared()5.ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.towriteB.writtenc.writeD.writing()6.Theboyswereseenmodelshipsintheroomwhensomeonerangthebell.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.tobemaking()7.Iheardtheguideso.saysB.sayingC.sayD.said()8.Mr.Brownwasmadehisteachingbecauseofhispoorhealth.giveupB.givingupC.togiveupD.togivingup()9.Shallwegoandlistentothereviewersonthenewbook?A.tocommentB.commentC.tocommentingD.beingcommented()10.Mrs.Whitemadeherpupilsthetexteveryday.reciteB.recitedC.recitingD.torecite()11.Thestudentaskedtheteacher.repeatthequestionagainB.repeatingthequestionC.torepeatingthequestionD.torepeatthequestion()12.Themuseumissaidinabigfirefiveyearsago.tobedestroyedB.tohavebeendestroyedC.tobedestroyingD.tohavebeendestroying()13.Janewishesuswithher.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalong()14.Mymotor-cyclehasbrokendown,Wouldyouhelpme?A.togetittostartB.getitstartC.togetitstartedD.gettingitstarted()15.-Thebossorderedthehall.A.tosweepB.tobesweptc.shouldsweepD.beingsweptiv.不定式作定语1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系,不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后面加上合适的介词。2.数词和最高级修饰的名词后面常接不定式，如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等，不定式与其所修饰的名词在意义上是主谓关系。3.有些名词后常接不定式，如time,way,right,chance,reason等,不定式与所修饰的名词构成动状关系。4.作定语的不定式，为了明确其逻辑主语,有时可用“for+名词/代词+to不定式”结构作定语。专项练习()1.-l'dliketobuyacarmadeinShanghai.--Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels.tochooseB.tobechosenfromC.tochoosefromD.forchoosing()2.lt'stimerice.fortransplantB.oftransplantingC.totransplantD.totransplanting()3.Itisaverydifficultproblem.Ineedafewdays.ofthinkingoveritB.tothinkitoverC.ofthinkingitoverD.tothinkoverit()4.Peopleneedhomesandfood.tolive;toeatB.tolivein;toeatC.live;toeatD.tolivein;toeatfor()5.ColumbuswasthefirsttheNewContinent.A.tohavediscoveredB.todiscoverC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredv.不定式作状语1.不定式作状语主要表示目的、结果和原因。2.常用的表示目的的短语有:todo,inordertodo,soastodo(soasto不能放在句首)。不定式作目的状语,其否定式必须用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。3.不定式表示目的，常用在go/comeand(dosth.)这样的结构中。主要用于祈使句或go,come是动词原形的句子中。4.常用o...to,.enoughto,so+形容词/副词十asto,sucha+名词十asto等结构表示结果。5......结构中间的形容词若是表示情感的kind,ready,eager,pleased等时,不表示结果,也无否定意义。6.only+to不定式表示结果,通常是一一个未曾预料的不愉快的结果。7.常用表示情绪的动词surprised,joy,glad,pleased等后面接不定式表示原因。8.常用独立成分,作插入语,表示说话人的态度，如totellyouthetruth,tobeexact,tobesure,tobefrank(withyou),tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。专项练习()1.Theflatismuchtoosmall.forthefamilytoliveB.forthefamilytoliveinC.thatthefamilycantliveinD.thatthefamilycan'tlive()2.Theteacherdidn'tspeakclearlyenough.soeveryonetounderstandB.foreveryoneunderstoodC.foreveryonetounderstandD.forunderstanding()3.DoyouthinkJuliaiseasy?A.togetalongwithB.togetalongC.tobegotalongwithD.togettingalongwith()4.Prof.Bush'stalkinEnglishwaseasy?forusinfollowingB.forustobefollowedC.tobefollowedD.forustofollow()5.Thewater-melonjuiceisnice.todrinkitB.tobedrunkC.todrinkD.tobedrinking()6.Thepatientswerewaitingthedoctor.A.toseeB.fortoseeC.forseeingD.seeing()7.,Idon'twanttoarguewiththemaboutthematter.TotellyouthetruthB.TellingthetruthC.HavingtoldyouthetruthD.Outofthetruth()8.Thesoldierspoketotheboykindlyhim.tonotfrightenB.soasnottofrightenC.inordertonotfrightenD.fornotfrightening()9.Wouldyoubegoodenoughtothebusstation?A.showingmethewayB.astoshowmethewayC.toshowmethewayD.soyoucanshowmetheway()10.Tomwassocarelesshiscarunlocked.toleaveB.thatheleavesC.astoleaveD.leavingvi.不定式的时态与语态意义1.不定式的时态意义1)--般式:不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。2)进行式:不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的,而且正在进行。3)完成式:不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid/thought/believed/considered,belikely等动词的复合谓语中,多使用完成式。b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。C.完成式用在某些动词后,如pretend,intend,expect,mean,hope,wish,think,was,were,want,wouldlike等,表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。d.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等“过去式+不定式一.般式”,也可表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或计划。2.不定式的语态意义1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,不定式用被动语态。2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard结构中,不定式的主动语态表示被动意义。3)therebe结构中不定式多用主动语态表示被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时,不定式最好用被动语态。5)在beto不定式结构中,如果主语是不定式动作的承受者,通常用不定式的被动语态。6)当不定式动词是let(出租),blame,do等时，通常beto不定式结构中仍用不定式的主动式表示被动意义。专项练习()1.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold()2.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying()3.Oneofthesalesmaninthisshopis.sayingtohavebeenfiredB.saidtohavebeenfiredC.sayingtohavefiredD.saidtohavefired()4.Mr.BrownissaidforItalylastweek.tohaveleftB.tohavec.tobeleavingD.tohavebeenleft()5.Heclaimedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.tobetreatedbadlyC.treatingbadlyD.tohavebeentreatedbadlyvi.省去to的动词不定式1.并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前,后面不定式的to要省略。2.在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather...than,ratherthan,wouldsooner,wouldsooner...than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut,mightaswell,donothingbesides,donothingthan(except,save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。3.在(一“感")feel,(二“听”)hear,listento,(三“使")have,let,make,(五“看”)lookat,see,watch,notice,observe后面以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时,则不能省略to。4.当动词help意为“帮忙”时,其后面的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to;在can'thelp意为“不由自主”时，后面需接动名词形式;在cannothelpbut意为“不得不”时，后面需接省略to的动词不定式。5.ratherthan,soonerthan位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。6.主语是all,what引导的从句,或者主语受only,thefirst,one,least或最高级修饰,且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式--般省略to。7.在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。专项练习()1.l'dratherlosethegame.nottohurthimB.nothurthimC.thantohurthimD.thanhurthim()2.Hasheanyotherchoicebutasyouhavetoldhim?todoB.doC.doingD.he'lldo()3.Tomdidnothingelsebutbackallheowned.takenB.tookC.takingD.take()4.Allthepeopleinthehallcouldn'tbut,hearingsuchanabsurdstory.tolaughB.laughC.laughingD.tolaughing()5.-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingsoVi.带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略1.有些动词短语中的to是介词，后面需要接名词或动名词,注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有getdownto,keepto,findone'swayto,putone'sheartto,admitto,turnto,leadto,lookforwardto,putone'smindto,stickto,berelatedto,befamiliarto,beaccustomedto,getusedto,befaithfulto,seeto,beequalto,beobjectto,inadditionto,beopento等。2.一些情态动词oughtto,needto,dareto,would/wouldliketo,wouldloveto,usedto,haveto,begoingto,beableto后面省略已提到的或已知的内容。3.动词want,plan,decide,love,like,promise,know,forget,prepare,hope,wish,try,refuse,hate,expect,fail,manage,agree,pretend,afford后面省略已提到的或已知的内容。4.疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后面可省略已提到的或已知的内容。5.形容词afraid,anxious,careful,eager,glad,happy,kind,lucky,proud,ready,sorry,able后面可省略已提到的或已知的内容。6.动词allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage，expect,force,get,order,permit,teach,prefer,want,warn,wish,command,forbid后面作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。7.作名词time,chance,duty,right,way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。8.it作形式主语,不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。9.如果重复的不定式是tobe或者tohave时,通常保留be或have。10.作有些感官动词(feel,hear,listento，let,have,make,see等)的宾补时，to必须省去。专项练习()1.Haveyougotusedherenow?toliveB.livingc.tolivingD.tobeliving()2.Thosewhoobjectedthesuggestionswereaskedtoputuptheirhands.toacceptingB.toacceptC.foracceptingD.accepting()3.-Wouldyouliketogowithusforanoutingtomorrow?-Yes,l'dlikeB.l'dliketogoC.l'dloveD.l'dliketo()4.Thomaswantedtobuyasportscar,buthe.wasn'tabletoB.wasn’tabletoaffordC.wasn'tableD.didn'tableto()5.Willyoushowmeaguidebook?A.wheretogetB.wheretogettingc.wheregettingD.whereingettingix.不定式结构与从句的转换1.不定式作宾语相当于that引导的宾语从句。.2.带疑问词的不定式作宾语相当于wh-引导的宾语从句。3.不定式作定语相当于定语从句。4.不定式作原因、目的、结果状语,相当于because,sothat,so...that,such...that等引导的状语从句。不定式阶段练习用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.2.Davidthreatened(report)hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.3.(accept)asanOlympicevent,asportmustbeplayedinatleast75countriesonatleast4continents.4.Thenaughtyboydoesnothingbut(wander)abouteveryday.5.Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced(leave)theirhomes.6.Whathedidmadehismother(become)angry.7.(ensure)thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecity'sgassupplysystemthoroughly.8.Energydrinksarenotallowed(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.9.Themotherfeltherself(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield,10.(improve)theemployees'workingefficiency,thesupervisorwillallowthemtohaveacoffeebreak.11.Chinahaspromisedtoreviseitsexistingregulationsand(form)newpoliciesaccordingtoWTOrequirements.12.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjustalookatthesportsstars.13.Hefeltsomeone(pat)hisbackbutwhenheturnedback,hesawnoone.14.Thefluisbelieved(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.15.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered(issue)clearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.16.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsthatroadconditionsneed(improve).17.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole(play)inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.18.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestriving(make)theirproductsmorecompetitive.19.Shewasoftenheard(sing)inthenextroom.20.Don'ttrytotellliestoyourclassteacheraboutthat.Heseems(tell)everything.21.Forcenturies,peoplefromallovertheworldhaveclaimed(see)strangesights:lightsinthesky,flyingobjectsandevencreaturesfromotherplanets.22.Sandycoulddonothingbut(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.23.TodayIhavenothingtodobut(play)24.Someonetookawaymyumbrella;l'dneverexpectit.(return).25.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed(take)intothishotel.26.Therearesomanythingsinmybagthatittookmequitesometime(find)thekey.27.Hewasshutintheroom,sohehadnochoicebut(sleep).Ⅱ.动名词I.动名词作主语和表语1.名词use,good,pity,time,fun,bore,awasteoftime,worth等作表语时,常用it作形式主语而把真正的主语动名词后置。2.“thereisno+动名词"结构相当于Itisimpossibletodosth.,此时动名词常带有宾语。3.用于布告形式的省略结构中,意义上相当于祈使句:Nosmoking!=Don'tsmoke。动名词通常不带宾语。专项练习()1.tothesunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed()2.ItisnoarguingwithTim,ashewillneverchangehismind.useB.helpc.usefulD.time()3.Doyouconsideritanygoodagain?A.totryB.tryC.tryingD.foryoutotry()4.Idon'tthinkitmuchgoodhimofthematter.A.informingB.toinformC.tobeinformedD.beinginformed()5.hishomeworkmadehisfatherlosehistemper.Theboy'snothavingdoneB.TheboynothavingdoneC.Theboy'shavingnotdoneD.Theboyhavingnotdone()6.-Whathasmadeyousoupset?-mypetcat.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseoflosingD.Sincellost()7.Itisnogood.Youshouldgive.A.drinking;itupB.tosmoke;itupC.smoking;upitD.todrink;upit()8.Thenewssounds.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage()9.Whatworriedthechildmostwastovisithismotherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowed()10.Theproblemislandforit.A.findB.foundC.findingD.tofoundii.动名词作动词宾语1.常见的只能接动名词不能接不定式作宾语的动词如下,记住这些动词可以避免在使用时产生错误。表示“建议”、“完成”、“推迟"和“想象":suggest,finish,postpone,delay,imagine表示“需要”“承认”、“介意”和"原谅":require,admit,mind,pardon,excuse表示“避免"“冒险”、“练”、“逃"和“错过”:avoid,risk,practice,escape,miss表示“允许”、“考虑”、“理解”和“欢”、“赏":allow,permit,consider,understand,enjoy,appreciate1)上述动词后接的动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,动名词可以加上逻辑主语,通常用名词或代词的宾格表示，也可用它们的所有格形式表示。2)在deny,postpone等动词后若动名词带逻辑主语,逻辑主语大多用所有格形式。2.常见的可以接动名词作宾语，而且也可用“sb./sth.doing”结构的动词有appreciate,consider,excuse,mind,propose,suggest,admit,delay,prevent,decline,forgive等。3.但是在advise,alw,permit后，如果提到有关的人,可用动词不定式结构:sb.todo。专项练习()1.Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'triskthegoodopportunity.toloseB.losingc.tobelostD.beinglost()2.Weareconsideringanewdecision.makingB.beingmadeC.tomakeD.tohavemade()3.-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynotbyboatforachange?trygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.tryinggoing()4.Ourmonitorsuggestedadiscussiononthenewholidayplan.tohaveB.shouldhaveC.haveD.having()5.Thewildrabbitwasluckythatitjustmissed.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch()6.Canyouimagineyourselfonalonelyislandforthreeyears?stayingB.stayc.havestayedD.beingstayed()7.Wecanunderstandwhyheavoidsus.meetB.tomeetC.havingmetD.meeting()8.Pleaseexcusemytothepartywithout.A.come;askingB.coming;askingC.tocome;bringaskedD.coming;beingasked()9.Whyhavetheydelayedthenewhospital?OpeningB.toopenC.havingopenedD.tohaveopened()10.Allsaidthatshewouldn’tmindaloneathome.A.leftB.beingleftC.tobeleftD.leavingii.动名词作介词宾语1.作单个介词或复合介词的宾语,常见的有:on,with,by,insteadof,incaseof,after等。2.在“动词十介词”结构后,常见的有:insiston,keepon,seeto,taketo,equalto,giveup,persistin,aimat,believein,carefor,dependon,setabout,succeedin,worryabout,apologizefor,adviseon,feellike,getthrough,thinkof,dreamof,leadto等。3.在“动词十名词/代词+介词”结构后，常见的有:accuse..of,.prevent..of,thank..for,devote..to,forgive..for,excuse...of,keep..from,stop...from,payattentionto等。4.在“be+形容词+介词”结构后,常见的有:besickof,befondof,bekeenon,beresponsiblefor,becapableof,begoodat,beangryabout,behappywith,beafraidof,besureof,becertainof,beconfidentof,besorryfor等。5.在“be/get+-ed形容词+介词”结构后,常见的有:getusedto,beengagedin,beinterestedin,getaccustomedto,beworriedabout,bepleasedabout,besurprisedat,beastonishedat,beannoyedat,besatisfiedat,beashamedof等。6.在表示征询意见的howabout,whatabout后。专项练习()1.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught()2.Hehasn’tgotusedinFranceyet.liveB.toliveC.tolivingD.living()3.Heinsistedonabroadforhispost-graduatestudy.A.heshouldB.hegoC.hisgoingD.himtogo()4.TheteacherbeganbyUSwherethecitywasandwentonaboutitshistory.telling;totalkB.totell;totalkC.telling;talkingD.totell;talking()5.Thatevening,hesetaboutthereportthenextmorning.write;tohandinB.towrite;handinginC.written;tohandinD.writing;tobehandedin()6.Doyoufeellikeoutorwouldyouratherdinnerathome?eating;haveB.toeat;tohavec.eating;tohaveD.toeat;having()7.Thesecretarywasverybusyhisreport.Hewasfartoobusyphonecalls.toprepare;answeringB.inpreparing;answeringC.toprepare;toanswerD.preparing;toanswer()8.Janeneverdreamedofsuchagoodjobopportunityinthesoutherncity.therewasB.theretobec.therebeD.therebeing()9.It'snicetowalkalongthecountrypathswithgrass.covered;growingB.covering;growingC.covering;grownD.tocover;grown()10.Thoughitbegan,thesoldierskeptontowardsthefront.raining;advancingB.torain;advancingC.raining;withtheadvanceD.torain;toadvanceiv.动名词作定语和状语1.动名词作定语修饰名词表示该名词的用途。2.动名词本身不能作状语,但放在介词后可构成介词短语作状语表示时间、原因、目的、方式、让步等,常见的介词有on,with,after,by,upon,before,at,without,for,besides,against,about,in,from等。专项练习()1.Heleftgoodbyetous.withsayingB.withoutsayingC.bysayingD.onsaying()2.thenews,heburstintotears.OnhearingB.TohearC.ByhearingD.Athearing()3.Victorapologizedfortoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable()4,Afterforthejob,youwillberequiredtotakealanguagetest.A.beinginterviewedB.interviewedC.interviewingD.havinginterviewed()5.Whoisinthe.swimmingpoolB.pooltoswimC.swimpoolD.poolthatswims()6.Sheboughtforhergrandfather.A.asticktowalkB.awalkstickC.awalkingstickD.astickforwalkv.动名词的复合结构:逻辑主语+动名词1.动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,有生命的逻辑主语用所有格或用通格;无生命的用通格;指示代词、不定代词等都用通格;人称代词用形容词性物主代词，即属格代词。2.动名词的复合结构多用作主语和宾语。当作主语时,其逻辑主语不论是名词或代词通常用属格。专项练习()1.Doyoumindaloneathome?JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane'sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft()2.tthemeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident'sattending()3.HehasalwaysinsistedonhistDr.TurnerinsteadofMr.Turner.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled()4.Whatworriedthechildmostwas731497730468958040tovisithismotherinthehospital.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisbeingnotallowedD.havingnotbeenallowedvi.动名词的时态与语态意义1.动名词一-般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或在其后发生。2.动名词完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。3.动名词的被动式表示其动作的逻辑主语是动名词所表示动作的承受者。专项练习()1.Idon'trememberbefore.A.beingseenhimB.toseehimC.tohaveseenhimD.havingseenhim()2.Idislikewhileattemptingtolearnskiing.beinglookedatB.lookingatC.tolookatD.havinglookedat()3.Babiesenjoybeforetheygotosleep.A.topatB.tobepatC.pattingD.beingpatted()4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelpintobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded()5.Heisproudofthefirstplaceinthematchyesterday.A.winningB.beingwonC.havingwonD.tohavewon()6.Hewassurprisedataboutit.A.havingaskedB.havingbeenaskedC.beingaskedD.askingvi.动名词需要注意的问题1.need,want,deserve,repay,require,bear,brook,take,stand等分别表示“需要”、“值得”、“忍受”“经受”等的动词后,动名词常用主动式表示被动意义。上述几个动词,除了bear,take,brook,stand外,都可用不定式被动式，意义不变。beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone表示被动意义。3.常用动名词的结构如下,记住以下这些结构非常重要:tohavedifficulty/trouble/pleasureindoingsth.表示在做某事方面有困难/快乐thereisdifficulty/trouble/pleasure/indoingsth.表示在做某事方面有困难/快乐tohaveapleasant/goodtimeindoingsth.表示做某事很快乐tohaveatimeindoingsth.表示费很大力气做某事(注意区分:tohavetimetososth.表示有时间做某事)towaste/spendtime/money/energydoingsth.表示浪费时间/金钱/精力做某事bebusyindoingsth./busyoneselfindoingsth.表示忙于做某事toburstoutlaughing/crying表示突然笑了/哭了tobeany/some/nousedoingsth.表示做某事有用/没用it'sfun/good/awasteoftime/abore/suchanencouragementdoingsth.表示做某事是快乐的事/是有好处的事/是浪费时间的事/是没有意思的事/是件令人鼓舞的事it'senjoyable/foolish/better/nice/rathertiring/interesting/pointless/worthwhile/terrible/crazydoingsth.表示做某事是让人高兴的/愚蠢的/更好的/令人累的/有意思的/无意义的/值得的/糟糕的/疯了的ofone'sdoing(=-edbyoneself)表示自己做的What/howaboutdoingsth.?表示询问做某事意下如何Whatdoyousaytodoingsth.?表示询问做某事意下如何tospendone'stime/moneyindoingsth.表示在做某事方面花钱/花时间losenotimeindoingsth.表示不失时机做某事belongindoingsth.表示干事情很慢itisnousedoingsth.=itisofnousedoingsth.表示做某事是没有用的thereisnouse/pointin/ofdoingsth.表示做某事是没有用处/意义的What'stheuse/point/goodofdoingsth.表示询问做某事有什么用bethroughwithdoingsth.表示做完某事nodoing表示不准做某事itgoeswithoutsayingth...表示毫无疑问makeapoi