2026年浙教版适配初升高物理暑假衔接卷声光热综合应用标准试卷第082套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）

初升高物理暑假衔接卷·声光热综合应用2026年浙教版适配初升高物理暑假衔接卷声光热综合应用标准试卷第082套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）初升高物理暑假衔接质量评估卷（声、光、热综合应用）学校：________________班级：________________姓名：________________考号：________________考试时间：120分钟满分：120分适用：初升高衔接作答：闭卷笔答注意事项1.本卷共28题，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。请先检查题号、分值、表格和作答区是否完整。2.选择题每题只有一个最佳答案；填空题写出必要单位；计算题必须写出主要公式、代入过程和结论。3.声、光、热相关物理量要注意单位换算；没有特殊说明时，声速取340m/s，水的比热容取4.2×10^3J/(kg·℃)。4.作图或说明题应使用清晰文字和必要辅助线；若答案写在题干旁以外位置，请标明题号。5.诚信作答，保持卷面整洁。答案区独立分页，考试时只作参考核对，不得提前翻阅。本卷常用量取值或说明使用提示空气中声速340m/s用于回声、传播时间、距离估算水的比热容4.2×10^3J/(kg·℃)用于水吸收或放出热量计算平面镜成像像距=物距，像与物等大注意像为虚像，不能用光屏承接凸透镜成像u>2f时成倒立缩小实像u<f时成正立放大虚像一、单项选择题（本大题12小题，每小题3分，共36分）1.（3分）在操场上敲击铁架，远处同学先看到铁锤接触铁架，随后听到声音。若铁架和同学之间没有遮挡，造成“先看见、后听见”的主要原因是A.光在空气中的传播速度远大于声音B.声音不能在空气中传播C.铁锤敲击时只产生光不产生声D.人眼比人耳更容易疲劳2.（3分）一列声波在空气中传播，某同学测得声源每秒振动440次。关于这列声波，下列说法正确的是A.频率为440Hz，音调较高B.响度一定比220Hz的声音大C.波速一定等于440m/sD.只能在真空中传播3.（3分）教室临街一侧加装双层玻璃窗后，室内听到的交通声明显减弱。该措施主要是在A.声源处减弱噪声B.传播过程中减弱噪声C.人耳处减弱噪声D.改变噪声的频率4.（3分）小明站在竖直平面镜前2.0m处，向镜面靠近0.5m。此时他在镜中的像到镜面的距离为A.0.5mB.1.5mC.2.0mD.3.0m5.（3分）一束光照到平面镜上，入射光线与镜面的夹角为35°。关于反射角的大小，下列判断正确的是A.35°，因为入射光线与镜面夹角等于反射角B.55°，因为反射角等于入射角C.70°，因为反射前后夹角相加D.110°，因为法线两侧角度相同6.（3分）筷子斜插入盛水的透明杯中，从侧面看筷子在水面处好像“折断”。这种现象主要说明A.光在同种均匀介质中沿直线传播B.光从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时方向发生改变C.平面镜能成正立等大的像D.水能吸收所有光线7.（3分）凸透镜焦距为10cm，物体放在离透镜25cm处并调节光屏。光屏上能得到的像应是A.正立、放大的虚像B.倒立、缩小的实像C.倒立、放大的实像D.正立、等大的实像8.（3分）雨后天空出现彩虹，是因为太阳光经过小水滴时发生了折射和色散。下列说法正确的是A.白光是单一颜色的光B.色散说明白光可以分解为多种色光C.彩虹只与声音传播有关D.红光和紫光在水滴中偏折程度完全相同9.（3分）冬天手握热水袋会感到温暖，热水袋把内能传给手的主要方式是A.热传导B.做功C.光的反射D.声音传播10.（3分）质量相同的水和沙土吸收相同热量后，沙土升温较多。主要原因是沙土的A.密度一定较小B.比热容较小C.沸点较低D.熔点较高11.（3分）烧水时水沸腾后继续吸热，但温度保持在沸点附近不再明显升高。下列解释正确的是A.水不再吸收热量B.吸收的热量主要用于汽化C.温度计失去作用D.水的质量突然增大12.（3分）水银温度计能测温，是利用水银随温度变化体积发生改变的性质。该性质属于A.热胀冷缩B.光的折射C.声音反射D.电磁感应选择题答题栏：请把所选字母填入对应题号下方空格。题号123456789101112答案二、填空与基础应用题（本大题8小题，每小题4分，共32分）13.（4分）雷雨天气中，小丽看到闪电后约4s听到雷声。若声速取340m/s，不计光传播时间，则闪电发生处到小丽的大约距离为________m；这个估算利用了声音传播需要________的事实。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.（4分）在月球表面两名宇航员即使相距很近，也不能直接听到对方说话，因为月球表面近似真空，真空不能传播________；他们可以通过无线电设备交流，说明无线电波________依赖空气传播。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15.（4分）身高1.60m的同学站在竖直平面镜前，镜中像高为________m；若他向镜面靠近0.40m，像与他的距离将减少________m。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16.（4分）一束光从空气斜射入水中时，折射光线向法线________（填“靠近”或“远离”）；若逐渐增大入射角，折射角通常也会________。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17.（4分）使用焦距为8cm的凸透镜做成像实验。将物体放在距透镜20cm处时，物距大于2倍焦距，光屏上得到倒立、________的实像；若把物体移到焦点以内，透镜同侧可观察到正立、________的虚像。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.（4分）质量为0.50kg的水温度升高10℃，水吸收的热量为________J；计算中用到的物理量关系式为________。〔取水的比热容4.2×10^3J/(kg·℃)〕________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.（4分）给冰水混合物持续加热，在冰未完全熔化前温度约保持0℃不变，说明晶体熔化时需要________热量但温度________。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.（4分）铁轨之间留有缝隙，是为了给铁轨受热________留出空间；热水倒入厚玻璃杯前先用少量温水预热，可减小杯内外温差，降低玻璃因________不均而破裂的风险。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、实验与材料阅读题（本大题4小题，每小题6分，共24分）21.（6分）阅读校园声环境监测材料，完成问题。某校物理兴趣小组在同一日三个时段测得校园不同位置的声级，记录如下。测量位置早读前/dB午休时/dB放学后/dB图书馆门口423946操场边584766校门外道路716382（1）表中声级最大的位置和时段是________________。

（2）声级单位dB表示声音的________（填“音调”“响度”或“音色”）强弱等级。

（3）请从“声源、传播过程、人耳”三个角度任选两个，写出适合学校放学后降低噪声影响的措施。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22.（6分）在“探究平面镜成像特点”的实验中，实验小组用透明玻璃板代替平面镜，在玻璃板前点燃蜡烛A，在玻璃板后移动未点燃蜡烛B，使B与A的像重合。（1）用透明玻璃板代替平面镜的好处是便于确定________的位置。

（2）若蜡烛A到玻璃板的距离为12.0cm，则蜡烛B到玻璃板的距离应约为________cm。

（3）移去蜡烛B，在其位置放一张白纸，白纸上不能承接到A的像，说明平面镜所成的是________像。

（4）若将玻璃板没有竖直放置，可能出现怎样的操作困难？________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________23.（6分）某组同学用焦距为10cm的凸透镜研究成像规律，保持光具座上蜡烛、透镜和光屏的中心大致在同一高度，测得部分数据如下。实验序号物距u/cm像距v/cm像的性质甲3015倒立、缩小、实像乙2020倒立、等大、实像丙1530倒立、放大、实像（1）调节三者中心在同一高度的目的是使像成在________中央。

（2）由表中数据可判断该凸透镜的2倍焦距约为________cm。

（3）若把蜡烛放在8cm处，光屏上不能得到清晰像，此时应从透镜________侧观察到正立、放大的虚像。

（4）根据表格说出物距减小时像距和像大小的变化趋势。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24.（6分）为比较不同材料保温杯的保温效果，小组把80℃热水分别倒入甲、乙两个杯中，水的质量均为200g，杯盖均盖好，室温保持20℃。每隔10min记录一次水温，数据如下。时间/min010203040甲杯水温/℃8070625549乙杯水温/℃8074696460（1）40min后保温效果较好的是________杯。

（2）0到20min内，甲杯水降低的温度为________℃。

（3）若要进一步提高实验结论的可靠性，应控制哪些条件相同？写出两点。

（4）若把杯盖打开重新做实验，水温下降通常会更快，请从热传递角度解释。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、综合解答题（本大题4小题，每小题7分，共28分）25.（7分）某山谷入口处有一块竖直岩壁，游客在入口处拍手，0.60s后听到回声。当天空气中声速取340m/s。（1）求游客到岩壁的距离。

（2）若天气变冷，声速减小，在同一位置拍手听到回声的时间将如何变化？说明理由。

（3）为避免把回声误认为另一名同学的回答，请提出一种简单判断方法。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________26.（7分）某科技社团制作“拐角观察器”，用两块相同平面镜把墙角另一侧的景物反射到观察者眼中。两块镜面均与水平线成45°放置，入射光经两次反射后改变传播方向。（1）写出每次反射都遵守的基本规律。

（2）若上方镜面绕固定点转动，使入射角增大5°，反射角将怎样改变？

（3）比较平面镜成像与凸透镜成实像在“能否被光屏承接”上的差别，并说明原因。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________27.（7分）实验室用电加热器给烧杯中的水加热。烧杯中水的质量为0.30kg，初温为22℃，加热一段时间后水温升至72℃。不计水蒸发造成的质量变化，取水的比热容4.2×10^3J/(kg·℃)。（1）求这段时间水吸收的热量。

（2）实际电加热器消耗的电能大于水吸收的热量，写出两个可能原因。

（3）若改用质量相同、比热容更小的液体，在吸收相同热量时温度变化有何不同？说明依据。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________28.（7分）某班设计“安全提醒保温杯”：杯盖内有温度提示卡，杯身外贴反光条，杯底能发出短促提示音。已知杯中装有0.25kg水，水温从90℃降至50℃。取水的比热容4.2×10^3J/(kg·℃)，空气中声速取340m/s。（1）求水在降温过程中放出的热量。

（2）反光条在车灯照射下明显可见，主要利用了光的什么现象？

（3）提示音从杯底传到1.7m外同学耳边，声传播时间约为多少？

（4）从声、光、热三个方面各写一条改进建议，使该保温杯更安全或更实用。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案与解析一、单项选择题题号123456789101112答案AABBBBBBABBA1.A。光在空气中的速度约为3.0×10^8m/s，远大于声速。锤击发生后，反射光几乎立即到达人眼，而声音需要明显时间才能传到人耳，所以会先看见后听见。B项把空气传声否定了，C项不符合声源振动发声，D项与传播快慢无关。2.A。每秒振动440次就是频率为440Hz，频率决定音调，频率越高音调越高。响度由振幅、距离和传播条件共同影响，不能由频率直接判断；空气中的声速约为340m/s，不等于频率数值；声音不能在真空中传播。3.B。双层玻璃窗安装在道路声源和教室内人耳之间，主要削弱声音在传播过程中的能量传递。若在声源处减弱，应是降低车辆发动机声或禁止鸣笛；若在人耳处减弱，应是佩戴耳塞等。4.B。平面镜成像规律是像到镜面的距离等于物到镜面的距离。人原来距镜2.0m，靠近0.5m后距镜1.5m，因此像到镜面的距离也是1.5m；人和像之间的距离为3.0m，不是本题所问。5.B。入射角、反射角都以法线为边来量，不是与镜面夹角。入射光线与镜面夹角35°，则入射光线与法线夹角为90°-35°=55°，根据反射定律，反射角等于55°。6.B。筷子看似折断是由于光从水进入空气或从空气进入水时传播方向发生改变，眼睛沿折射光线反向延长判断物体位置而产生的现象，属于光的折射。A项对应影子、小孔成像等；C项对应镜子；D项明显错误。7.B。焦距f=10cm，物距u=25cm，大于2f=20cm。凸透镜成像规律指出，当u>2f时，光屏上得到倒立、缩小的实像，像距位于f和2f之间。8.B。太阳光属于复色光，经过水滴时不同色光折射程度不同而分散，形成彩色光带。A项说白光是单色光错误；彩虹与光的折射、色散有关；不同色光偏折程度不完全相同。9.A。热水袋和手直接接触，热量由温度较高的热水袋通过接触部分传给手，主要方式是热传导。做功也能改变内能，但这里没有明显机械做功过程。10.B。根据Q=cmΔt，质量相同、吸热相同的情况下，温度升高多说明比热容较小。沙土比水更容易升温，这是海陆风、昼夜温差等现象的基础。11.B。水沸腾时继续吸热，温度在沸点附近保持不变，吸收的热量主要用于克服分子间作用、完成液态到气态的变化。不是水不吸热，也不是温度计失效。12.A。水银温度计中水银柱随温度升高而上升，随温度降低而下降，是体积随温度变化的结果，属于热胀冷缩。光学和声学现象不是其基本工作原理。二、填空与基础应用题13.答案：1360；时间（或传播时间）。解析：不计光传播时间后，听到雷声的4s就是声音传播时间。由s=vt得s=340m/s×4s=13