2026届吉林省七年级数学期末质量检测QS01黑白可打印原创仿真卷B1第118套（含答案详解与评分标准）

2026届吉林省七年级数学期末质量检测黑白可打印原创仿真卷B1第1页/共1页2026届吉林省七年级数学期末质量检测QS01黑白可打印原创仿真卷B1第118套（含答案详解与评分标准）考试时间：90分钟满分：120分适用对象：2026届吉林省七年级数学期末复习与质量检测训练学校班级姓名得分考试说明与命题范围1.本卷围绕七年级数学期末质量检测设计，重点覆盖有理数及其运算、整式的概念与化简求值、线段与角等几何初步内容，兼顾吉林地区常见的温度、校园打印、冬季活动等情境。2.全卷共22题，满分120分。基础题约占60%，中档题约占30%，综合应用与压轴探究约占10%。题目均为黑白打印版式，主观题预留作答空间。3.答题时可使用直尺、三角尺、铅笔和黑色签字笔；不得使用带符号运算、储存或联网功能的工具。计算过程要写出关键步骤，几何题可在空白处补画示意图。4.参考答案、逐题解析、评分细则与易错提醒在试题之后另起页，便于学生先独立作答、教师再集中批改。题型题号范围题量每题分值或分配合计一、选择题Q01-Q1010题每题3分30分二、填空题Q11-Q166题每题3分18分三、解答题Q17-Q204题8分、10分、10分、12分40分四、综合应用题Q21-Q222题每题16分32分全卷Q01-Q2222题考试时间90分钟120分学生答题栏选择题请将对应选项写在下表；填空题请直接填写最终结果。主观题须在题后作答区写出必要过程。Q01Q02Q03Q04Q05Q06Q07Q08Q09Q10Q11Q12Q13Q14Q15Q16一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）每小题只有一个选项符合题意。请把正确选项填入答题栏。Q01.（3分）计算-18+7-(-5)的结果是（）。A.-30B.-16C.-6D.6Q02.（3分）若一个数的绝对值等于5，且这个数小于0，则这个数是（）。A.-5B.0C.5D.10Q03.（3分）将0.00056用科学记数法表示，正确的是（）。A.5.6×10^-3B.5.6×10^-4C.56×10^-5D.0.56×10^-3Q04.（3分）单项式-3x²y的系数和次数分别是（）。A.3，2B.-3，2C.-3，3D.3，3Q05.（3分）化简2a-(3a-2b)+4b的结果是（）。A.-a+2bB.-a+6bC.5a+2bD.5a+6bQ06.（3分）当x=2，y=-1时，代数式x²-2xy+y²的值是（）。A.1B.3C.9D.16Q07.（3分）若∠α=38°25′，则∠α的余角是（）。A.51°35′B.52°35′C.141°35′D.151°35′Q08.（3分）点A、O、B在同一直线上，射线OC在直线AB的一侧，∠AOC=35°，OD平分∠BOC，则∠BOD等于（）。A.35°B.55°C.72°30′D.145°Q09.（3分）按规律摆小棒：第1个图形用4根，第2个用7根，第3个用10根，依次每增加一个图形多用3根。第8个图形需要（）根小棒。A.22B.24C.25D.28Q10.（3分）方程2(x-1)=x+3的解是（）。A.x=1B.x=3C.x=5D.x=-5二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每小题3分，共18分）Q11.（3分）计算(-2)³×1/4-(-3)=__________。Q12.（3分）绝对值不大于3的所有整数的和是__________。Q13.（3分）多项式3x²y-2xy+5的次数是__________。Q14.（3分）已知A=2x²-3x+1，B=x²+x-4，则A-2B=__________。Q15.（3分）若∠A=64°18′，则∠A的补角为__________。Q16.（3分）长方形的长为3a+2，宽为a-1，则它的周长为__________。三、解答题（本大题共4小题，共40分）解答应写出必要的文字说明、计算过程或推理步骤。Q17.（8分）计算下列各式。（1）-14-(-3)²+24÷(-3)；（2）(1/2-2/3+3/4)×(-24)。Q17作答区________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q18.（10分）已知A=3x²-2xy+y²，B=x²+xy-2y²。（1）化简2A-B；（2）当x=-1，y=2时，求2A-B的值。Q18作答区________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q19.（10分）如图形条件用文字描述：点A、O、B在同一直线上，射线OC、OD在直线AB的同侧，∠AOC=52°，∠BOD=3∠COD；另作射线OE平分∠AOC。求∠COD、∠BOD和∠DOE的度数。Q19作答区（可在此处自行画示意图）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q20.（12分）吉林某校冬季研学活动记录了三天早晨气温变化：出发前气温为-8℃，第一天上升5℃，第二天下降7℃，第三天上升10℃。（1）第三天早晨气温是多少？（2）这三天平均每天气温变化多少摄氏度？（3）若室内取暖从-6℃升至4℃，每升高1℃需消耗0.8千瓦时电，每千瓦时电费0.55元，则此次升温电费是多少元？Q20作答区________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、综合应用题（本大题共2小题，每小题16分，共32分）Q21.（16分）为准备期末质量检测，学校给七年级3个班印制练习材料。每名学生需要试题纸4张、答题纸1张；每班还要多印6份备用材料，备用材料与学生材料完全相同。设每班有x名学生。（1）用含x的式子表示总印制张数；（2）若每班42名学生，实际需印多少张？（3）打印店规定：黑白单面每张0.12元，若一次印制超过650张，则全部按每张0.10元收费。第（2）问情况下应付多少元？（4）校对名单后发现每班实际少2名学生，但每班6份备用不变，需少印多少张？费用减少多少元？Q21作答区________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q22.（16分）在平面内，射线OA、OB组成∠AOB=126°。射线OC在∠AOB内部，设∠AOC=x°（0<x<126）；射线OD平分∠AOC，射线OE平分∠BOC。（1）用含x的式子分别表示∠AOD和∠AOE；（2）求∠DOE的度数，并说明它为什么与x无关；（3）若∠DOE比∠AOC小12°，求∠AOC和∠BOC；（4）在第（3）问条件下，延长OD到射线OF，求较小的∠FOE。Q22作答区（可在此处自行画示意图）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________演算草稿与答题检查区本区可用于计算复查、几何示意图、答案核对和未尽步骤补充，不单独计分；最终答案仍以各题作答区为准。草稿与检查区________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案、详解与评分标准说明：客观题按答案给分；主观题按过程分、结果分和表达分综合评定。若学生采用不同方法且过程正确、结论一致，可参照相应步骤给分。一、选择题答案表题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案题号答案Q01CQ02AQ03BQ04CQ05BQ06CQ07AQ08CQ09CQ10C二、填空题答案表题号答案题号答案题号答案Q111Q120Q133Q14-5x+9Q15115°42′Q168a+2选择题逐题解析、评分细则与易错提醒Q01答案：C。解析：原式=-18+7+5=-6。先把减去负数转化为加正数，再按从左到右运算。评分细则：选C得3分；其他选项不得分。易错提醒：常见错误是把-(-5)写成-5，导致结果为-16。Q02答案：A。解析：绝对值为5的数有5和-5；题干要求这个数小于0，所以只能取-5。评分细则：选A得3分。易错提醒：不要只看到“绝对值等于5”就写5，应同时使用“小于0”的条件。Q03答案：B。解析：科学记数法要求写成a×10^n，其中1≤a<10。0.00056的小数点向右移动4位得到5.6，所以为5.6×10^-4。评分细则：选B得3分。易错提醒：56×10^-5虽然数值相等，但56不满足1≤a<10，不是规范科学记数法。Q04答案：C。解析：单项式的系数是数字因数-3；字母x的指数为2，y的指数为1，总次数为2+1=3。评分细则：选C得3分。易错提醒：系数要带符号，次数不是最高字母指数，而是所有字母指数之和。Q05答案：B。解析：2a-(3a-2b)+4b=2a-3a+2b+4b=-a+6b。评分细则：选B得3分。易错提醒：括号前是负号，去括号时3a与-2b都要变号。Q06答案：C。解析：把x=2，y=-1代入，x²-2xy+y²=4-2×2×(-1)+1=9。也可识别为(x-y)²。评分细则：选C得3分。易错提醒：代入负数时必须加括号，-2xy中的符号容易错。Q07答案：A。解析：余角和为90°。90°00′-38°25′=89°60′-38°25′=51°35′。评分细则：选A得3分。易错提醒：角度退位时1°=60′，不能按十进制借位。Q08答案：C。解析：A、O、B共线，∠AOC+∠COB=180°，所以∠BOC=145°。OD平分∠BOC，则∠BOD=72.5°=72°30′。评分细则：选C得3分。易错提醒：72.5°不是72°50′，0.5°=30′。Q09答案：C。解析：小棒数列为4，7，10，……，每次增加3，第n个图形为4+3(n-1)=3n+1。n=8时为25。评分细则：选C得3分。易错提醒：不要把第8个理解为4+3×8，应从第1个已经有4根开始。Q10答案：C。解析：2(x-1)=x+3，得2x-2=x+3，移项得x=5。评分细则：选C得3分。易错提醒：去括号后常把2(x-1)误写成2x-1。填空题逐题解析、评分细则与易错提醒Q11答案：1。解析：(-2)³=-8，-8×1/4=-2，-2-(-3)=1。评分细则：填1得3分；只写出中间结果-2但未完成不得超过1分。易错提醒：乘方先于乘除，负数乘方要看底数是否带括号。Q12答案：0。解析：绝对值不大于3的整数为-3，-2，-1，0，1，2，3，它们两两相反相加为0。评分细则：填0得3分；漏写0但结论仍为0可给2分。易错提醒：“不大于”包含等于，范围端点-3和3不能漏。Q13答案：3。解析：多项式的次数是所有项中次数最高的项的次数。3x²y的次数为3，-2xy的次数为2，常数项次数为0，所以多项式次数为3。评分细则：填3得3分。易错提醒：多项式次数不是项数，也不是系数3。Q14答案：-5x+9。解析：A-2B=(2x²-3x+1)-2(x²+x-4)=2x²-3x+1-2x²-2x+8=-5x+9。评分细则：结果完全正确得3分；去括号正确但合并同类项有小错给1至2分。易错提醒：减去2B时，B中的每一项都要先乘2再变号。Q15答案：115°42′。解析：补角和为180°。180°00′-64°18′=179°60′-64°18′=115°42′。评分细则：填115°42′得3分。易错提醒：角度运算借位按60进制，不按100进制。Q16答案：8a+2。解析：长方形周长为2(长+宽)=2[(3a+2)+(a-1)]=2(4a+1)=8a+2。评分细则：填8a+2得3分；写成2(4a+1)可给2分。易错提醒：宽a-1中的-1参与合并，不能把常数写成2+1。解答题详解与评分标准Q17答案与解析：（1）-14-(-3)^2+24÷(-3)=-14-9-8=-31（2）(1/2-2/3+3/4)×(-24)=-12+16-18=-14评分细则：本题8分。第（1）小题4分：计算(-3)²=9得1分，计算24÷(-3)=-8得1分，正确处理减号并列式得1分，结果-31得1分。第（2）小题4分：能把-24分别与括号内三项相乘得2分，得到-12、16、-18得1分，结果-14得1分。易错提醒：有理数混合运算要先乘方，再乘除，最后加减；分配律中每一项都要乘-24，不能漏乘或丢负号。Q18答案与解析：（1）2A-B=2(3x^2-2xy+y^2)-(x^2+xy-2y^2)=5x^2-5xy+4y^2（2）x=-1,y=2时，5x^2-5xy+4y^2=5+10+16=31评分细则：本题10分。第（1）小题6分：正确写出2A得2分，正确减去B并去括号得2分，合并同类项得2分。第（2）小题4分：代入x、y且负数加括号得1分，分别算出x²、xy、y²得1分，计算过程正确得1分，结果31得1分。易错提醒：B前面的减号作用于B的每一项；xy=(-1)×2=-2，所以-5xy=10。Q19答案与解析：设∠COD=x，则∠BOD=3x,∠COB=4x因为A、O、B共线，所以∠AOC+∠COB=180°,52°+4x=180°,x=32°因此∠COD=32°,∠BOD=96°又因为OE平分∠AOC，所以∠EOC=26°,∠DOE=∠DO