2026年浙教版适配小学四年级物理开学摸底卷声光热综合应用标准试卷第422套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）

四年级物理开学摸底卷声光热综合应用姓名：________________班级：________________考号：________________2026年浙教版适配小学四年级物理开学摸底卷声光热综合应用标准试卷第422套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）学校班级姓名考号________________________________________________________考试时间：120分钟满分：120分适用对象：小学四年级开学摸底诊断答题说明：1.全卷共28题，题号连续，所有答案写在相应作答区内。2.选择题只有一个最佳答案，请填在答题栏。3.实验与综合题要写清依据、步骤和结论，保持书写整洁。诚信提示：独立思考，真实作答；本卷用于了解声、光、热基础掌握情况，便于开学后查漏补缺。题型选择题填空/基础题材料与实验题综合应用题总分分值36322824120一、选择题（本大题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分）请把唯一正确选项填入下方答题栏。题号123456789101112答案1.（3分）把一把塑料尺的一端压在桌边，另一端伸出桌外。用手拨动伸出的尺端，听到声音并看到尺端来回摆动。下列说法正确的是（）。A.尺子没有运动也能发声B.尺子振动得越明显，声音通常越强C.声音能在真空中传播D.用手按住尺端不影响声音2.（3分）小组把同一个小闹钟分别放在空气中、用薄布包住、再放进密闭玻璃盒并抽出大部分空气。听到声音逐渐变小，最能说明（）。A.声音传播需要物质B.光传播需要物质C.热不能在空气中传递D.闹钟的振动停止了3.（3分）教室里同时有敲击三角铁、拍手、拉开椅子的声音。我们能分辨不同声音，主要因为它们的（）不同。A.音色B.颜色C.温度D.质量4.（3分）夜晚在路灯下行走，人的影子会随位置改变。影子的形成主要是因为（）。A.光遇到不透明物体会被挡住B.声音遇到障碍物会反射C.热从低温物体传向高温物体D.物体颜色越浅温度越高5.（3分）使用手电筒照射白纸和黑纸，同样距离、同样时间后，黑纸摸起来更热。合理解释是（）。A.黑色物体吸收光和热的本领较强B.白色物体不能反射光C.手电筒发出的不是光D.黑纸本来就比白纸厚6.（3分）下列做法中，主要利用光的反射的是（）。A.用镜子整理红领巾B.盖棉被保暖C.轻敲鼓面发声D.给水杯套上防烫套7.（3分）把金属勺和木勺同时放入热水中，过一会儿金属勺柄更烫。说明金属通常是（）。A.热的不良导体B.热的良导体C.声音的绝缘体D.光的透明体8.（3分）冬天手摸铁门把手觉得比木门框冷，主要因为（）。A.铁把手温度一定比木门框低很多B.铁传热快，手上的热更快传给铁C.木门框会自己发热D.手不能感受温度9.（3分）在安静的图书角，下面哪种做法最能减弱噪声传播到同学耳中（）。A.用力拍桌提醒别人B.给椅脚套软垫C.打开音箱播放音乐D.把窗帘全部拉开10.（3分）用温度计测量温水温度时，正确做法是（）。A.温度计液泡离开水面后再读数B.液泡碰到杯底读数更准确C.让液泡完全浸在水中，稳定后平视读数D.用手捏住液泡帮助升温11.（3分）午后阳光照在教室地面上，同一物体的影子比早晨短。较合理的原因是（）。A.午后物体变小了B.午后光从更高的位置照来C.午后空气没有声音D.午后地面不能反射光12.（3分）下列现象同时涉及声、光、热三类知识的是（）。A.在阳光下看见同学吹口哨，金属哨子被晒热B.把书本放进书包C.用橡皮擦掉铅笔字D.给植物浇水二、填空/基础题（本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分）请根据声、光、热的基础规律填写，答案应简洁、准确。13.（4分）声音是由物体的________产生的，声音传播需要________、水、木头等物质作为介质。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.（4分）光在同一种均匀物质中通常沿________传播；当光被不透明物体挡住时，物体后面可能形成________。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15.（4分）读温度计时，视线应与液柱上端________；测量热水时，液泡不能碰到杯壁和________。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16.（4分）热总是从温度较________的物体传向温度较________的物体，直到温度逐渐接近。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17.（4分）金属锅把手常包上塑料或木头，是因为塑料、木头传热较________，能减少________的危险。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.（4分）白色衣服在强光下比黑色衣服不容易变热，说明白色物体更容易________光，黑色物体更容易________光和热。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.（4分）同一声音在空气中传播到耳朵需要一定时间；把耳朵贴近桌面听敲桌声，声音可通过________传播，通常听起来更________。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.（4分）教室实验中若要比较不同材料保温效果，应让水的初始温度、杯中水量和放置时间尽量________；这种做法叫控制________。作答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

三、材料与实验探究题（本大题共4小题，每小题7分，共28分）阅读材料或实验记录后作答，说明应与材料相对应。21.（7分）声音强弱与振动幅度小组把皮筋套在空纸盒上，轻拨、重拨同一根皮筋，并把米粒放在纸盒面上观察。记录如下。操作米粒跳动情况听到的声音轻拨皮筋跳动小较弱重拨皮筋跳动大较强用手按住皮筋几乎不跳几乎听不到（1）米粒在实验中的作用是什么？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）根据记录，声音强弱与物体振动幅度有什么关系？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）为了公平比较，轻拨和重拨时应保持哪些条件相同？写出两点。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）用手按住皮筋后声音变小，说明了什么？（1分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22.（7分）光照方向与影子长度把一支铅笔竖直固定在白纸上，用台灯从不同高度照射，测得影子长度如下。台灯位置光线大致方向影子长度较低斜着照来18厘米中等稍斜照来11厘米较高接近从上方照来5厘米（1）哪一次影子最短？（1分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）根据表格，说出光照方向与影子长度的关系。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）若把铅笔换成透明塑料片，影子会怎样变化？说出理由。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）请写出一个生活中利用影子的例子。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________23.（7分）不同杯套对热水降温的影响三个相同杯子中装入同样多、初始温度相同的热水，分别不套杯套、套棉布杯套、套泡沫杯套，10分钟后测得温度如下。杯子初始温度10分钟后温度降低温度不套杯套70℃48℃22℃棉布杯套70℃55℃15℃泡沫杯套70℃60℃10℃（1）哪种做法保温效果最好？（1分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）判断保温效果的依据是什么？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）实验中三个杯子的水量和初始温度为什么要相同？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）若要继续改进保温效果，可增加哪一个措施？说明理由。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24.（7分）阅读材料：校园观察日四（1）班进行校园观察。操场广播响起时，站在远处的同学先看见扬声器旁的红灯闪烁，随后才听到提示音；树荫下地面较凉，阳光直射的水泥地面较热；走廊镜面墙能照出人影，但粗糙墙面只能看到模糊亮斑。老师提醒同学：观察现象时要分清声、光、热的不同特点。（1）材料中哪一句能说明光传播得很快而声音传播需要时间？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（2）阳光下水泥地面较热，说明太阳光能带来什么变化？（1分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（3）镜面墙能照出人影，粗糙墙面只能看到模糊亮斑，说明两种表面对光的反射有什么不同？（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（4）请从材料中再找出一个与热有关的现象，并写出你的解释。（2分）答：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

四、综合应用题（本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分）请联系生活情境，写清做法、理由和对应的物理知识。25.（6分）教室午间自习时，走廊有人说话，窗外阳光直射到后排桌面。请你从“减弱噪声”“合理利用或遮挡光”“避免过热”三个角度，为班级提出三条可操作做法，并分别说明依据。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________26.（6分）家中热汤刚盛入碗里，小华想把汤端到餐桌，又想让汤不太快变凉。请写出三项安全或保温做法，并说明每项做法对应的声、光、热知识中哪一类知识。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

27.（6分）春游时，同学们在山谷里呼喊会听到回声，午后在空地上影子变短，金属水壶被太阳晒得发烫。请分别解释这三个现象，并写出一条安全提醒。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________28.（6分）设计一个“同一时间不同地面升温是否相同”的小探究。要求写出研究问题、需要控制相同的条件、测量方法和记录表格栏目。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、学生自查与订正预留区完成试卷后，请先检查题号是否漏答，再把最没有把握的题号写在下方，便于课后订正。我需要重点订正的题号：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我容易混淆的概念：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________我想向老师提问的问题：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案与解析本部分与试题逐题对应，供教师讲评、家长核对和学生订正使用。一、选择题题号123456789101112答案BAAAAABBBCBA1.答案：B。解析：尺端发声时在振动，振动越明显，通常带动空气振动越强，听到的声音也更强。A错在忽视振动；C错在声音传播需要介质；D错在按住尺端会减弱或停止振动。2.答案：A。解析：抽出玻璃盒中大部分空气后，声音传播的物质变少，听到的声音变小，说明声音传播需要空气等物质。不能说明光或热的传播规律。3.答案：A。解析：不同发声物体的材料、形状和振动方式不同，形成不同音色，所以能分辨三角铁、拍手和椅子声。4.答案：A。解析：不透明物体挡住光，光照不到的区域形成影子，这与声音反射和热传递无关。5.答案：A。解析：在相同光照条件下黑纸升温更明显，说明黑色物体吸收光和热的本领较强。白纸也能反射和吸收部分光。6.答案：A。解析：镜子能让人看见自己的像，主要利用光在光滑表面发生有规律的反射。其他选项分别涉及保温、发声和隔热。7.答案：B。解析：金属勺柄很快变烫，说明热沿金属传递较快，金属通常属于热的良导体。8.答案：B。解析：铁和木头可能处在同一环境温度下，但铁传热快，手上的热更快传到铁上，所以人感觉铁更冷。9.答案：B。解析：椅脚套软垫能减少椅子与地面的碰撞振动，从声源处减弱噪声。拍桌和播放音乐会增加噪声。10.答案：C。解析：温度计读数要让液泡充分接触被测液体，待示数稳定后平视液柱上端；碰杯底、离开水面或捏液泡都会影响准确性。11.答案：B。解析：光从较高位置照来时，