2026年鲁教版适配小升初化学一模冲刺卷化学方程式与计算标准试卷第179套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）

化学方程式与计算标准试卷考试时间120分钟满分120分第页2026年鲁教版适配小升初化学一模冲刺卷化学方程式与计算标准试卷第179套（含答案解析与可打印作答区）学校：____________________班级：____________姓名：____________考号：________________考试时间：120分钟满分：120分注意事项1.本卷共28题，满分120分。答题前请将学校、班级、姓名和考号填写清楚。2.选择题每题只有一个最佳答案，请在答题栏中填涂或填写相应字母；非选择题须写出必要的化学方程式、计算过程、单位和结论。3.书写化学方程式时应注明反应条件，配平后再用于计算；计算题中相对原子质量按卷面所给数据使用。4.保持卷面整洁，独立完成，按题号顺序作答。可能用到的相对原子质量：H—1C—12O—16Na—23Mg—24Al—27S—32Cl—35.5K—39Ca—40Fe—56Cu—64Zn—65选择题答题栏题号12345678910111213141516答案一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分）每小题只有一个最佳答案。1.（3分）下列关于氢气燃烧生成水的化学方程式，书写正确的是（）。A.H₂+O₂→H₂OB.2H₂+O₂→2H₂OC.2H₂O→H₂+O₂D.H₂+O₂→H₂O₂2.（3分）镁条在氧气中完全燃烧。若有12g镁参加反应，则生成氧化镁的质量为（）。A.8gB.12gC.16gD.20g3.（3分）将洁净铁钉放入硫酸铜溶液中，反应为Fe+CuSO₄→FeSO₄+Cu。下列说法正确的是（）。A.铁钉表面有红色物质析出B.反应前后溶液质量不变C.反应后溶液一定仍为蓝色D.该反应不是置换反应4.（3分）铁和硫反应可生成硫化亚铁：Fe+S→FeS。若5.6g铁恰好与3.2g硫完全反应，则2.8g铁完全反应需要硫的质量为（）。A.0.8gB.1.6gC.2.4gD.3.2g5.（3分）碳酸钙高温分解的化学方程式为CaCO₃→CaO+CO₂↑。100g碳酸钙完全分解时，生成二氧化碳的质量为（）。A.22gB.44gC.56gD.100g6.（3分）配平化学方程式：Al+O₂→Al₂O₃。配平后各化学计量数之和为（）。A.6B.7C.8D.97.（3分）碳在氧气中充分燃烧：C+O₂→CO₂。3g碳完全燃烧可生成二氧化碳的质量为（）。A.7gB.9gC.11gD.14g8.（3分）电解水的反应为2H₂O→2H₂↑+O₂↑。18g水完全分解，理论上可得到氧气的质量为（）。A.1gB.2gC.8gD.16g9.（3分）用氢气还原氧化铜：CuO+H₂→Cu+H₂O。8g氧化铜完全反应，理论上得到铜的质量为（）。A.3.2gB.4.0gC.6.4gD.8.0g10.（3分）加热氯酸钾制氧气：2KClO₃→2KCl+3O₂↑。24.5g氯酸钾完全分解，理论上生成氧气的质量为（）。A.4.8gB.9.6gC.14.9gD.19.2g11.（3分）在密闭容器中点燃蜡烛，反应后容器内物质总质量与反应前相比（）。A.增大B.减小C.不变D.无法判断12.（3分）某物质X充分燃烧的化学方程式为X+2O₂→CO₂+2H₂O，则X的化学式为（）。A.CH₄B.C₂H₂C.C₂H₄D.CO13.（3分）某反应A+B→C中，A与B恰好完全反应的质量比为5∶4。现有10gA与足量B反应，最多需要B的质量为（）。A.4gB.6gC.8gD.14g14.（3分）下列物质中，既能与氧气发生化合反应，又能与稀盐酸发生置换反应的是（）。A.铜B.铁C.二氧化碳D.水15.（3分）过氧化氢在二氧化锰催化下分解制氧气。下列说法正确的是（）。A.二氧化锰在反应前后质量一定不变B.二氧化锰是反应物，最终全部消耗C.生成的氧气质量一定大于过氧化氢质量D.该反应不遵守质量守恒定律16.（3分）锌与稀盐酸反应：Zn+2HCl→ZnCl₂+H₂↑。13g锌完全反应时，理论上生成氢气的质量为（）。A.0.2gB.0.4gC.1.0gD.2.0g二、填空与基础题（本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分）17.（4分）根据文字信息写出化学方程式，并在需要时注明反应条件。

（1）磷在氧气中燃烧生成五氧化二磷：____________________________。

（2）铁丝在氧气中燃烧生成四氧化三铁：____________________________。

（3）过氧化氢溶液在二氧化锰作用下分解：____________________________。

（4）碳酸钙高温分解：____________________________。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18.（4分）在下列化学方程式前填入最简整数化学计量数。

（1）____CO+____O₂→____CO₂

（2）____Al+____Fe₂O₃→____Al₂O₃+____Fe

（3）____Na+____H₂O→____NaOH+____H₂↑

（4）____C₂H₂+____O₂→____CO₂+____H₂O作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.（4分）某反应可表示为A+B→C+D。实验中加入10gA和6gB，反应后A完全反应，B剩余1g，同时生成5gD。请回答：

（1）参加反应的B的质量为__________g。

（2）生成C的质量为__________g。

（3）判断依据是____________________________。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.（4分）按所给相对原子质量完成计算。

（1）CaCO₃的相对分子质量为__________。

（2）CaCO₃中钙元素的质量分数为__________。

（3）25gCaCO₃中含钙元素__________g。

（4）CO₂中碳元素与氧元素的质量比为__________。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21.（4分）化学方程式2H₂+O₂→2H₂O可从“粒子数”和“质量关系”两方面理解。

（1）反应中H₂、O₂、H₂O的粒子个数比为__________。

（2）反应中H₂、O₂、H₂O的质量比为__________。

（3）若4gH₂完全反应，需要O₂__________g，生成H₂O__________g。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________22.（4分）实验室加热氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物制取氧气，反应后得到氯化钾和氧气。

（1）写出该反应的化学方程式：________________________________________。

（2）若12.25gKClO₃完全分解，理论上生成O₂__________g，同时生成KCl__________g。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、实验与材料题（本大题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分）23.（6分）某小组用红磷燃烧探究空气中氧气含量和质量守恒。实验在带刻度的密闭集气瓶中进行，红磷足量，点燃后迅速塞紧橡胶塞，冷却至室温后观察到水进入集气瓶，约占原空气体积的五分之一。

（1）写出红磷燃烧的化学方程式：________________________________________。

（2）红磷燃烧时的主要现象是________________________________________。

（3）冷却后水进入集气瓶的原因是________________________________________。

（4）该实验在密闭装置中进行时，反应前后装置总质量是否改变？说明理由。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24.（6分）某同学用大理石样品与足量稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳。实验数据如下表。已知样品中杂质不与稀盐酸反应，也不溶于水。项目反应前烧杯及其中物质总质量反应后烧杯及剩余物总质量数据150.0g145.6g样品质量12.5g说明反应充分进行，逸出的气体为CO₂（1）写出碳酸钙与稀盐酸反应的化学方程式：________________________________________。（2）生成CO₂的质量为__________g。（3）参加反应的CaCO₃质量为__________g。（4）该大理石样品中CaCO₃的质量分数为__________。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________25.（6分）把一段打磨后的镁条放在坩埚中加热，镁条燃烧发出耀眼白光，生成白色固体。某次实验中，参加反应的镁条质量为4.8g。

（1）写出镁燃烧的化学方程式：________________________________________。

（2）若在敞口坩埚中称量，反应后固体质量通常大于原镁条质量，原因是________________________________________。

（3）理论上需要氧气__________g，生成氧化镁__________g。

（4）若称得白色固体质量偏小，可能原因写出一条：________________________________________。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________四、综合计算题（本大题共3小题，每小题10分，共30分）26.（10分）某过氧化氢溶液在二氧化锰催化下完全分解。实验中取68.0g过氧化氢溶液，反应后装置中液体质量减少3.2g。已知减少的质量全部为逸出的氧气。请计算：

（1）生成氧气的质量。

（2）参加反应的过氧化氢质量。

（3）该过氧化氢溶液中过氧化氢的质量分数。

（4）反应生成水的质量，并写出计算过程。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________27.（10分）取25.0g石灰石样品与足量稀盐酸充分反应，反应前烧杯、稀盐酸和样品的总质量为180.0g，反应后烧杯及剩余物总质量为171.2g。样品中杂质不参加反应。请计算：

（1）生成二氧化碳的质量。

（2）样品中碳酸钙的质量。

（3）石灰石样品中碳酸钙的质量分数。

（4）理论上生成氯化钙的质量。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________28.（10分）某黄铜样品由铜和锌组成。取10.0g该样品加入足量稀硫酸中，只有锌与稀硫酸反应，反应后收集到氢气0.20g。反应的化学方程式为Zn+H₂SO₄→ZnSO₄+H₂↑。请计算：

（1）样品中锌的质量。

（2）样品中铜的质量。

（3）样品中锌的质量分数。

（4）理论上生成硫酸锌的质量。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案与解析一、选择题题号12345678910111213141516答案BDABBDCDCBCACBAB1.B。氢气燃烧生成水，反应物和生成物为H₂、O₂和H₂O。配平时氢、氧原子个数都要守恒，正确方程式为2H₂+O₂→2H₂O。A未配平，C表示水分解且未配平，D生成物错误。2.D。2Mg+O₂→2MgO。24gMg生成40gMgO，12gMg生成20gMgO。也可先求氧气质量为8g，再由质量守恒得产物20g。3.A。铁比铜活泼，能把铜从硫酸铜溶液中置换出来，铁钉表面出现红色铜。每56份质量铁进入溶液，同时64份质量铜析出，溶液质量会减小；该反应属于置换反应。4.B。Fe与S的反应质量比为5.6∶3.2=7∶4。2.8gFe是5.6g的一半，所需S也为3.2g的一半，即1.6g。5.B。CaCO₃的相对分子质量为100，CO₂为44。100gCaCO₃完全分解，生成CO₂的质量为44g。6.D。配平后为4Al+3O₂→2Al₂O₃，各化学计量数之和为4+3+2=9。7.C。C+O₂→CO₂，1