Unit5 Using language 课件 -2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

GrammarPastperfectUnit5RevealingnatureTounderstandthefunctionofthepastperfectTolearntheuseofthepastperfectToknowsomethingaboutLonesomeGeorgeLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Insentence(a),whichactionhappenedfirst,“suspected”or“evolvedfromacommonancestor”?

Insentence(a),“evolvedformacommonancestor”happenedfirst.2.Insentence(b),whichactionhappenedfirst,“refusedtobelieve”or“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”?

Insentence(b),“evolvedfromlowerformsoflife”happenedfirst.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.3.Whatdoesthestructurehaddoneindicate?Itindicatestheactionhappenedbeforeacertainpastaction.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,...Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepastperfecttenseinthereadingpassage,andsummariseitsuseinyourownwords.1.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.2.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.3.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerican,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.4.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchanged.5.Itseemstheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.6.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.WeusethePastPerfectTensetosaythatsomethinghadalreadyhappenedbeforeanotherpastactionorspecifictimeinthepast.presentpast

pastperfecttimetheactionwhichoccurspreviouslyintimeisexpressedinthepastperfecttensetheactionwhichoccurslaterisexpressedinthepasttense【构成】肯定式为“had+过去分词”否定式为“hadnot+过去分词”思考：had在结构中的功能是什么？【用法】1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。egBeforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.(我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。)助动词过去完成时2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有bethen,bytheendof,bythetime.egBytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.(到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。)Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.(到那时为止，他们已经在那里住了10年了。)3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，intend，plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。egIhadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.(我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。)IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.(我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。)4.在句型hardly…when和nosooner…than中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示“一……就……”。egHardlyhadIleftwhenitbegantorain.(我刚离开就开始下雨了。)Nosoonerhadhesatdownthanthetelephonerang.(他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。)注意部分倒装5.过去完成时还可用于一些固定句型：◆It/This/Thatwas+thefirst/second...+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。egItwasthefirsttimethatwehadbeentoChicago.◆Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。egItwastwoyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.Supplementaryexplanation现在完成时与过去完成时的区别现在完成时过去完成时站在“现在”的角度回顾过去，表示一个从过去持续到现在的动作或事件，对现在仍有影响站在“过去”的角度回顾一个更远的过去，强调“过去的过去”。只有和过去的某个时间或某个动作相比较时，才用到它。have(has)+过去分词had+过去分词时间状语常用today,thisweek,thisyear,recently等时间状语常用by,bytheendof,bythetime,before,when等构成的短语或从句egWehavelivedherefortenyears.Wehadlivedherefortenyearswhenwehadtomovelastyear.Ihavelearnt2,000Englishwordssofar.Ihadlearnt2,000Englishwordstillthen.

Haveyoureadthenewspapertoday?BytheendofAugust,theyhadtreatedover5,000patients.一般过去时与过去完成时的区别一般过去时过去完成时只强调过去某一特定的时间在时间上强调“过去的过去”当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时在after,assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。egTheyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstplaceinthecompositioncompetition.Completetheparagraphswiththeinformationfromthegivensentences.Thesentencesareintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.Theycanhelpyoutodecidetheuseoftenses.YuanLongping_________todoresearchonhybridricebecausenaturaldisasters__________foodshortagesinthe1960s.Intheend,he___________abettertypeofrice.

beganhadledtodevelopedFirstthenledtofoodshortage→begantodoresearch→developedabettertype1.

aNaturaldisastersledtofoodshortagesinthe1960s.

bYuanLongpingbegantodoresearchonhybridrice.

cYuanLongpingdevelopedabettertypeofrice.GregorMendel__________studypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.Bythetimeofhisdeathin1884,he_____________importantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.2.

aGregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristicswereeasytocontrol.

bGregorMendelmadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenetics.

cGregorMendeldiedin1884.chosetohadmadeCompletetheonlineencyclopedia(百科全书）entrywiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.LonesomeGeorgeBeforecompleting,viewatraveler’svlogtogetsomeinformationaboutPintaIslandtortoise.competedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

LonesomeGeorgeLonesomeGeorgewasthelastPintaIslandtortoise.Hediedin2012.AfterGeorge’sdeath,thePintaIslandtortoisewasdeclaredextinct.TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.Beforehumans1_______ontheisland,thespecies2___________inisolationand3__________theplantsthatnaturallygrewthere.arrivedhadlivedeatenGeorgewasdiscoveredmanyyearsaftertheirarrival,andbythenhumans4________________newspeciesthat5__________forthefoodthetortoisesate.Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulation6________.Eventually,onlyGeorgeremained.hadinroducedcompeteddeclinedcompetedeclineeatliveintroducearrive

Actoutarole-playusingtheinformationinActivity3.OneofyouwillplaythekeeperofLonesomeGeorge,andtheotherwillplaythereporteraskingaboutGeorge.Usethepastperfecttensewhereappropriate.根据句意，给出decline的意思。1)Thesalesdeclined.2)Thefirstsignsofeconomicdeclinebecamevisible.3)Iinvitedhertojoinus,butshedeclined.v.下降n.

衰退v.

拒绝1.declinev.

:todecreaseinquantityorimportance

减少，降低

n.adecreaseinthequality,quantity,orimportanceofsomething衰落，没落;减少，削减blamev.tosayorthinkthatsborsthisresponsibleforsthbad

责怪，指责；把……归咎于2.TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.egIdon’tblameJackforthemistake.

blame…for因…责怪

Wheneversomethinggoeswrong,everyoneblamesitonme.blame…on归咎于Whichdriverwastoblamefortheaccident?betoblame应受……的责怪（已经含有“受责怪”的意思，不用被动）

LastSunday,I(1)_____________(intend)togoforanouting,butit(2)________(begin)torainearlyinthemorning.SoIwenttothemovieswithmyboyfriend.BythetimeI(3)_______(get)up,mydog(4)___________(eat)allmybreakfastonthetable.ThenIwenttoseethefilm,hungry,butwhenI(5)________(arrive)atthecinema,thefilm(6)__________(be)onfor20minutes.AhadintendedbegangothadeatenarrivedFillintheblanks.hadbeenItwasthefirsttimethatI(7)__________(see)afilmwithmyboyfriendanditwasthemostinterestingmoviethatI(8)____________(watch)!Hardly(9)______I_______(get)outo