Unit 5 Understanding ideas 课件-2022-2023学年高中英语外研版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit5RevealingnatureUnderstandingideasWhatdoyouknowabouttheseunusualanimals？KomododragonKomododragons:KomododragonswerefirstencounteredbyWesternresearchers1910.TheresearchersaidtheancestoroftheKomododragonmostlikelyevolvedinAustraliaandspreadwestward,reachingtheIndonesiaislandofFlores900,000yearsago.科莫多巨蜥最早是在1910年被西方研究人员发现的。研究人员说，科莫多巨蜥的祖先很可能是在澳大利亚进化而来，并向西传播，在90万年前到达印度尼西亚的弗洛雷斯岛。TheKomododragonisthelargestlizardintheworld.Itcangrowtothreemetresinlengthandcanweighabout135kilograms.Despiteitssizeandweight,itcanrunforshortdistancesatupto20kilometresperhour.Duck-billedplatypusThefistscientiststoexamineapreservedplatypusbodyjudgeditafakeinthelate18thcentury.Theoldestdiscoveredfossilofthemodernplatpusdatesbacktoabout100,000yearsago.18世纪晚期，第一批查看保存下来的鸭嘴兽尸体的科学家判定它是赝品。已发现的最古老的现代鸭嘴兽的化石可以追溯到大约10万年前。Duck-billedplatypusTheduck-billedplatypusisasmallegg-layingmammal(upto60cminlength)foundonlyinEasternAustraliaincludingTasmania.Asitsnamesuggests,ithasamouththatlookslikeaduck’sbill,whileitsthickfurandflattailaresimilartothoseofabeaver.NautilusFossilrecordsindicatethatthenautilushassurvivedrelativelyunchangedforaround500millionyears.Itisoftenconsidereda“livingfossil”.化石记录表明，鹦鹉螺在大约5亿年的时间里相对稳定地存活了下来。经常被认为是“活化石”。NautilusAsoneoftheoldestseaanimalsintheworld,thenautilushashardlychangedinabout500millionyears,andthatiswhyitisoftengiventhename“livingfossil”.Activity1Lookatthepagefromasciencemagazineandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouknowabouttheseanimals?Whatmakesthemspecial?2.Whatothersimilaranimalsdoyouknowabout?Shareyourknowledgewiththeclass.Theyareallspeciesthatsurvivedforthousandsofyearsonearth;Theyareoldandrare(unusual).Jellyfish（水母）Jellyfisharesoft-bodied，free-swimmingaquatic（水生的）animalswithanumbrella-shapedbell.Theyarefoundineveryocean.1.Howcanseedstravel?Howcanthisbenefitplants?2.Canyouthinkofanotherexampleofseedstravelling?Shareitwiththeclass.Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.Activity2Howseedstravel?Howcanseedstravel?

Seedscanetravelgreatdistancesbybeingcarriedbythe_________,uponthe____________,__________or__________.windwateranimalspeople2.Howcanthisbenefitplants?Seedshavea__________(better/worse)chanceatlifewhentheyare________(closer/further)awayfromtheirparentplant.Growingtoo_________(far/close)totheparentplantmeansseedsmightnotgetenough_______,________andnutrientsfromthe_______.Aspeciesis________(more/less)likelyto_________ifitsmembersaremore________(closely/widely)spread.betterfurtherclosesunwatersoilmoresurvivewidelyExampleCarriedbyFeatureHowMapleseedsWingsthat_______andkeeptheminthe______for______,allowingthemto________inallkindsofplacesDependingonthe_______ofthewind,theycansometimestravelfor_____________kilometersCoconutsIts________shellallowsitto_______onthewaterforalongtime.Whenacoconut_______fromatreeontothebeach,thesea_______it______andcarriesitawayto_______somewhereelseCherryManyplants________fleshyfruitsthatanimalsliketo________Animals_______especially________,sotheseedscaneasilyendupa_______wayfromtheparentplant.ExampleCarriedbyFeatureHowMapleseedsWingsthat_______andkeeptheminthe______for______,allowingthemto________inallkindsofplacesDependingonthe__________ofthewind,theycansometimestravelfor_______________kilometersCoconutsIts________shellallowsitto_______onthewaterforalongtime.Whenacoconut_______fromatreeontothebeach,thesea_______it______andcarriesitawayto_______somewhereelseCherryManyplants________fleshyfruitsthatanimalsliketo________Animals_______especially________,sotheseedscaneasilyendupa_______wayfromtheparentplant.windoceancurrentsanimalsspinairlongerlandstrengthhundredsofhardfloatfallspicksupgrowproduceeatmovebirdslongLookattheevolutionarytreeandanswerthequestions.1.Whatisevolution？2.Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?3.Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?Thedevelopmentoflivingthingsfromlowertohigherforms.2.Whatspeciesdoyourecogniseinthepicture?paramecium草履虫（单细胞生物）jellyfish水母（腔肠动物）flatworm（扁形动物）earthworm蚯蚓（环节动物）snail蜗牛（软体动物）crab螃蟹（节肢动物）starfish（棘皮动物）fish（鱼类）frog青蛙（两栖动物）turtle海龟（爬行动物）bird（鸟类）zebra斑马（哺乳动物）human（人类）algae（藻类）moss（苔藓）fern(蕨类)gymnosperms（裸子植物）angiosperm（被子植物）horsehairworm（线形动物）3.Whatfactorscancausetheprocessofevolution?Theever-changingenvironmentofnature;

geneticmutation...populationimmigration;naturalcompetition；Darwin'sTheoryofEvolutionisoneofthebasicfoundationsofmodernscience.Itshowsthatplantsandanimalscanchangeovertime.Thechangesareusuallysmallanddifficulttodetect,buttheyaddupovermanygenerationsandcanresultinnewspecies.TheBritish

biologist,

naturalistandthefounderofTheoryofEvolution.Inhisearlyyears,hesailedaroundtheworldontheBeagleforfiveyears,andobservedandcollectedalotofanimals,plantsandgeologicalstructures.Hepublished

theOriginofSpeciesandputforwardthetheoryofbiologicalevolution.CharlesRobertDarwinFeb12th,1809—Apr19th,1882"TheoryofEvolution"asoneofthethreemajordiscoveriesofnaturalscienceinthe19thcentury(theothertwoarecelltheoryandthelawofconservationandtransformationofenergy),whichhasmadeoutstandingcontributionstomankind.AJourneyofDiscovery

Thestructure12--5Thetextisorganizedinorderof____.Para___Para___Para6-7timeBefore

thejourneyDuring

thejourneyDecidewhattypeofessayitis?Itisanarrativeessay.Darwin'sinterestinvariouslivingthingsmadehimagreatnaturalist.Darwin'sjourneyontheBeagleinspiredhisTheoryofEvolution.Darwinwentonajourneytoconfirmhistheorythathumanshadevolvedovertime.Choosethemainideaofthepassageandgiveyourreasons.1.Thecaptainoftheship,the

Beagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.Para

1：Labels

on

a

young

manincaptain’seyesin

common

people’s

eyesin

his

families’

eyesHewasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.

Hewasadisgracetohimselfandallhisfamily.Hewasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.2.Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,the

Beagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?Para

2：StartajourneywhowhatcollectingthingsaskinghimselfaquestionCharlesDarwinwasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.Howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?SamplesoftheplantsandanimalsPara

3：Generate

newideasold

ideasnewideaswhathowtoproveAllspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.Animalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments.To

look

for

more

evidence.3.Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.Para

4-5Develop

the

ideashowanswerofthatquestionDarwinnoticedfinches’beakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.Newspeciesofplantsandanimalsevolvedfromearlierancestors.4.Whenthe

Beagle

reachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.5.Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.EvidenceA_________ancestor__________intodifferentspeciescommonevolve6.Itwasacompletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,

OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.7.Today,

OntheOriginofSpecies

isregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.Para

6-7Proposeatheorywhathowpeople'sreactionInfluenceAtheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.Manypeoplerefusedtobelieve.Theywereshocked.Later,moreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.askedhimselfaquestion(generatedanidea)answeredthequestion(developedanidea)publishedthebook(proposedatheory)started

his

journey

Numberthepuzzlepiecesinorder.Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethem.14235Darwinstudied_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswere_________________________.

ONHISJOURNEY1variouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironmentsandsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected

verysimilartoeachotherGENERATEIDEAS2Darwinaskedthequestions:Howdiddifferentspecies_____________?________________________________________________________________________________cometoexistMaybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?LOOKFORMOREEVIDENCE3DEVELOPIDEAS4OntheGal