高三英语总复习

PAGE1英语句子成分讲座·主语句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。■名词作主语Englishisveryimportant.英语是很重要的。ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。■代词作主语Theygotoschoolbybus.他们乘公共汽车上学。Mostofthestudentscomefromthecountryside.大多数学生来自农村。■动名词作主语WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。It’snouseregrettingit.后悔是无用的。■动词不定式(短语)作主语Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Itisveryhardtogettosleep.入睡很难。2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语

谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和\o""连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。■及物动词作谓语Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应该互相帮助。Theyrespectoneanother.他们互相尊重(对方)。Allofthestudentslikethenovel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Didyouseemanypeoplethere?你在那儿看见许多人了吗?■不及物动词作谓语Helefthereyesterday.他昨天离开这儿。You’redrivingtoofast.你开车开得太快了。Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老师走进教室，手里拿着书。HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.他于1988年9月出国。■连系动词表状态Heisanexcellentteacher.他是位优秀的教师。Hersonisafriendofours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。Oursisagreatcountry.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。3.英语句子成分讲座·表语表语与连系动词连用，构成\o""系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Theyarebrotherandsister.他们是兄妹。WhatIwanttosayisthis.我想说的就是这点。Herfatherissixty-five.她父亲65岁。Johniscaptainoftheteam.约翰是足球队的队长。Thepoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Theoneswhoreallywantitareourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.你只需从机场打个的即可。Myfavouritesportisswimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。4.英语句子成分讲座·宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和\o""介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：IlikeChinesefood.我喜欢中国菜。IboughtaticketforMilan.我买了一张去米兰的车票。Ienjoyedtalkingtoyou.我和你谈话很高兴。Haveyoufinisheddressing?你衣服穿好了吗?Hecertainlydidnotwanttojointhem.他确实不想参加他们的活动。Theydecidedtoclosetheborder.他们决定封闭边境。Wehopedthatallwouldcomewell.我们希望一切都会好转。Weexpectedthatyouwouldstayforafewdays.我们预计你会待几天的。5.英语句子成分讲座·定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和\o""后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是一名医生。Mr.Greenhastwosons.格林先生有两个儿子。ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。Themandownstairscouldn’tsleepwell.楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。Iboughtanewdictionary.我买了本新字典。Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要些喝的东西吗？Abarkingdogseldombites.吠狗很少咬人。Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.人之将死，其言也善。Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.送往委员会的建议被采纳了。DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？6.英语句子成分讲座·状语

英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。(1)时间状语Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。Goalongthisstreetuntilyoureachtheend.沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。(2)地点状语PandasonlyliveinChina.熊猫仅生活在中国。Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。(3)程度状语Ihavequitealotofworktodo.我有相当多的工作要做。(4)目的状语We’llgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5)方式状语Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.我们通常步行去上学。PleasedoitasItoldyou.请按我告诉你的去做。(6)\o""让步状语Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。(7)条件状语Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheothers.假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。(8)比较状语Yourwatchisnotthesameasmine.你的手表与我的不一样。Mikeisnotas(so)tallasJack.迈克不及杰克高。(9)原因状语Wedidn’tgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。I’mgladtomeetyou.见到你我很高兴。Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.由于病了，他没有去上学。(10)结果状语Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.他早早地离去，(结果)因此赶上了火车。(11)\o""伴随状语Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。7.英语句子成分讲座·宾语补足语宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.汤姆觉得爬山很容易。Don’tbesoformal.CallmeJim.不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。I’mfinished.Let’sgonow.我已干完，咱们走吧。Youmustkeepitclean.你要把它保持干净。Ihavethecarwaiting.我让汽车等着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们请人修理了机器。Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?你为什么不理发?Hehadhisfingercut.他的手指弄伤了。Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多工作要做。Shehasplentyofclothestowear.她有足够的衣服穿。Hemademerepeatthestory.他要我把那事重讲一遍。Rainmakesplantsgrow.雨水使植物生长。注意：后跟名词作\o""宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等)，使役动词(如let,have,make等)，动词不定式不带to。2012年高考英语必备语法网络图一．名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,loaf-loaves,wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs,chief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs,gulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesli,yuan,jin,3只有复数形式ashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans单复数同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingers,menservantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1.’s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法：１表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词：thestruggleoftheoppressed二．冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a,an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.专题练习

冠词

1.Jumpingoutof________airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite________excitingexperience.(2002全国高考题)

A./;the

B./;an

C.an;an

D.the;the

2.There’s________dictionaryon________deskbyyourside.(2003北京春季高考题)

A.a;the

B.a;a

C.the;a

D.the;the

3.Anaccidenthappenedat________crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom________bank.(2003上海春季高考题)

A.a;a

B./;a

C./;the

D.the;/

4.Thewarmthof________sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof________woolused.

A.the;the

B.the;/

C./;the

D./;/

5.Mr.Liwillgiveus________talk.________talkwillbeginat8:00.

A.a;The

B.the;A

C./;/

D.a;A

6.Thesungivesus________heatand________light.

A.the;the

B.a;a

C.a;the

D./;/

7.—Whatdoyouneedindinner?

—Ineed________.

A.aknifeandafork

B.aknifeandfork

C.theknifeandfork

D.theknifeandthefork

8.________Mrs.Smithiswaitingforyouinyouroffice.

A.The

B.A

C.One

D./

9.She’son________People’sDaily.

A.the

B.an

C.a

D./

10._____Einsteinscouldnotpayfor_____advancededucationthatyoungAlbertneeded.

A.The;the

B.A;a

C.An;the

D.The;an

11.Sheis________newcomerto________chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.

A.the;the

B.the;a

C.a;/

D.a;the

12.—WhereisJack?

—Ithinkheisstillin________bed，buthemightbein________bathroom.

A./;/

B.the;the

C.the;/

D./;the

13.Idon’tliketalkingon________telephone;Ipreferwriting________letters.

A.a;the

B.a;/

C.the;the

D.the;/

14.Manypeoplearestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsin________publicplaces.

A.the;the

B./;/

C.the;/

D./;the

15.—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat，taketheblueone.

—OK，butdoyouhave________sizeinblue?Thisoneisabittightforme.

A.abig

B.abigger

C.thebig

D.thebigger

16.Iheardsomebodyplaying________pianoin________nextroom.

A.a;a

B.the;the

C.a;the

D.the;an

17.________PacificOceanis________largestofall.

A.the;a

B./;the

C.the;the

D.a;/

18.Greatchangeshavetakenplacein________1990’s.

A./

B.a

C.the

D.an

19.Wouldn’titbe____wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_____peacewithoneanother?

A.a;/

B.the;/

C.a;the

D.the;the

20.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented________telephonein1876.

A./

B.a

C.the

D.one

21.In1864，Lincolnwaselected_____Presidentof____UnitedStatesforthesecondtime.

A.the;the

B.a;a

C./;the

D./;/

22.Johnis________universitystudent.

A./

B.any

C.a

D.an

23.Thetableismadeof________.

A.awood

B.somewood

C.thewood

D.wood

24.Wearegoingtolearn________nextweek.

A.TwelfthLesson

B.TheTwelfthLesson

C.TwelveLesson

D.TheTwelveLesson

25.—I’dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel，please.

—Well，youcouldhave________wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.

A.some;a

B.an;some

C.some;some

D.an;a

26.Papermoneywasin_______useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin______thirteenthcentury.

A.the;/

B.the;the

C./;the

D./;/

27.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith________animalsof________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.

A.the;a

B./;a

C.the;the

D./;the

28.Aliceisfondofplaying_____pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.

A./;the

B./;/

C.the;/

D.the;the

29.Oh，John.________yougaveus!

A.Howapleasantsurprise

B.Howpleasantsurprise

C.Whatapleasantsurprise

D.Whatpleasantsurprise

30.________terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!

A.Howa

B.Whata

C.How

D.What

\\科目课次第次课作业等级校区老师山东Ifwesitnear___frontofthebus,wewillhave___betterview.A.不填；the B.a 不填 C.the,a D.the,the北京Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget__secondchancetomake___firstimpression.A.a,the B.the,the C.a.a D.the,a江苏Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat___peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor__newJiangsu.A.不填，a B.不填，the C.the,a D.thethe.福建It’s__goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiWorldExpothatgivesthem__pleasure.A.不填，a B.a,不填 C.the,a. D.a.the.浙江Manylifestylepatternsdosuch__greatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup___weakeningofthehumanbody.A.a,/ B./,the