备考2027中考英语一轮复习之七八年级核心考点精讲精练·专题一 名词：数、格与搭配（含解析）

七八年级核心考点精讲精练编写说明本书依托现行外研版七、八、九年级上册教材编写，梳理七、八年级核心词汇与语法内容，供八升九学生暑期复习巩固，夯实九年级学习及中考备考基础。全书对标课程标准与各地中考命题方向，采用知识点讲解配套分层习题的形式，梳理基础内容，突破易混、重难点知识。书中设置九年级衔接板块，提前梳理九年级各单元语法、写作要点，减轻新学期学习压力。整体内容按照词汇、句子、复合句、阅读、写作的学习顺序编排，兼顾基础积累与答题能力训练。结构总览层级模块主题覆盖范围细分篇目第一级词法专题一至专题八1.名词：单复数、所有格及常用搭配

2.代词：指代用法与不定代词

3.数词与介词

4.并列连词

5.形容词、副词：等级变化与易混词区分

6.情态动词：基础用法与推测表达

7.非谓语动词：不定式、动名词

8.词形转换专项第二级基础句法专题九至专题十二9.时态一：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来时

10.时态二：现在进行、过去进行、现在完成时

11.被动语态

12.感叹句、祈使句及常考句型第三级复合句专题十三至专题十五13.状语从句

14.宾语从句

15.定语从句第四级语篇题型专题十六至专题十九16.情景交际：常考话题与标准应答

17.完形填空专项训练

18.短文填空综合练习

19.阅读理解专项训练第五级写作提升专题二十至专题二十一20.句式优化与逻辑连接词

21.段落框架与写作模板附录检测与答案附录一至附录五附录一冠词知识点汇总

附录二不规则动词表

附录三七八年级核心短语汇总

附录四综合测试卷

附录五习题参考答案与解析七八年级核心考点精讲精练专题一名词：数、格与搭配【涉及教材单元】七上Unit1Anewstart：可数名词单复数七上Unit3Familyties：名词所有格（'s所有格）七下Unit1Thesecretsofhappiness：可数名词与不可数名词七下Unit3Foodmatters：可数名词与不可数名词的量化表达（apieceof/aglassof等）八上Unit1Thisisme：名词作定语八上Unit2Gettingalong：复合名词的复数形式【考点精讲】考点一可数名词与不可数名词一、可数名词分类及复数规则变化可数名词可以用数字计数，分单数、复数；单数表“一个”，复数表“两个及以上”。变化情况构成规则例词一般名词词尾直接加-sbook→books；pen→pens；dog→dogss/x/sh/ch结尾词尾加-esbus→buses；box→boxes；brush→brushes；watch→watches辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，再加-escity→cities；family→families；story→stories元音字母+y结尾直接加-sboy→boys；day→days；monkey→monkeyso结尾有生命加-es；无生命加-spotato→potatoes；photo→photosf/fe结尾变f/fe为v，再加-esknife→knives；leaf→leaves补充：o结尾固定加-es高频词：hero、potato、tomato、mango；其余无生命名词加-s：piano→pianos、radio→radios、zoo→zoos。二、不可数名词的量化表达不可数名词无法直接用数字计数，无复数，不能直接搭配a/an、数词。常见分类物质类：water,air,bread,meat,milk,rice,juice,paper抽象概念：information,news,weather,work,homework,housework学科类：maths,physics,music,art量化结构：数词+单位词+of+不可数名词apieceofpaper/news/advice一张纸/一条新闻/一条建议aglassofwater/milk一杯水/牛奶acupoftea/coffee一杯茶/咖啡abottleofjuice/oil一瓶果汁/油abowlofrice/soup一碗米饭/汤考点二可数名词复数特殊变化规则一、元音拼写变形（不规则复数）单数复数中文释义manmen男人womanwomen女人footfeet脚toothteeth牙齿mousemice老鼠childchildren孩子oxoxen公牛二、单复数同形名词单词用法说明sheep一只羊/多只羊deer一只鹿/多只鹿fish同种类多条鱼；表不同鱼类时复数fishesChinese一个中国人/多个中国人Japanese一个日本人/多个日本人means一种方式/多种方式语法提示：该类名词作主语时，谓语单复数由名词实际含义决定。

例：Thesheepiseatinggrass.（那一只羊）

Thesheepareeatinggrass.（一群羊）三、复合名词变复数规则含主体名词：主体名词变复数

passer-by→passers-by；looker-on→lookers-on无主体名词：词尾直接加s

grown-up→grown-ups；stand-by→stand-bysman/woman修饰名词：前后两词全部变复数

manteacher→menteachers；womandoctor→womendoctors考点三名词所有格（表“……的”）分三种：’s所有格、of所有格、双重所有格。一、’s所有格构成规则名词类型变化规则例句单数名词词尾+’smyfather’scar；Tom’sbooks结尾复数名词仅加’thestudents’classroom；theteachers’office非s结尾复数名词+’sChildren’sDay；men’sclothes复合名词最后一个词加’smymother-in-law’shouse并列名词（各自拥有）每个名词后加’sTom’sandMary’srooms（两人各一间房）并列名词（共同拥有）最后一个名词加’sTomandMary’sroom（两人共用一间房）二、of所有格适用场景：无生命物体、修饰词较长的人。thenameoftheschool学校的名字thecoverofthebook书的封面thepopulationofChina中国人口thesonofafamousscientist一位著名科学家的儿子三、双重所有格结构：of+名词’s/of+名词性物主代词，表示“整体中的一部分”afriendofmyfather’s我爸爸的一位朋友aphotoofmine我的一张照片区分易混句：aphotoofmyfather照片里的人是父亲aphotoofmyfather’s照片归父亲所有考点四名词的句法功能一、基础成分：主语、宾语、表语主语：Knowledgeispower.宾语：Ilikemusic.表语：Heisateacher.二、名词作定语（修饰另一个名词）通用规则：作定语的名词用单数，只变后面中心词

appletree→appletrees；shoeshop→shoeshops

afive-year-oldboy（复合定语，全部单数）man/woman作定语：两词同步变复数

amanteacher→twomenteachers

awomandoctor→threewomendoctors固定复数定语（特例）：sportsmeeting、clothesshop【高频失分点】失分点1中英文可数性差异汉语可数、英语不可数，无复数、不能加a/an：

advice,information,news,weather,work,homework,housework,furniture,knowledge,progress,equipment

错：Ihavemanyhomeworks.

正：Ihavealotofhomework.失分点2o结尾复数混淆加-es：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,mangoes

加-s：photos,pianos,radios,zoos失分点3复合名词复数变形位置passer-by→passers-by（主体变）；grown-up→grown-ups（末尾加s）；manteacher→menteachers（双变）失分点4双重所有格与普通of所有格含义混淆aphotoofsb（人在照片里）；aphotoofsb’s（照片属于某人）失分点5名词作定语单复数误用错：twoapplestrees

正：twoappletrees【九年级衔接预览】九年级Unit3单元主题为回忆往事，重点拓展：时间名词所有格：lastyear’s、yesterday’s；名词定语复合结构：schoollife、friendshipstories；长名词短语所属关系理解；语篇名词词汇量提升，侧重语境词义辨析。复习重点：不规则复数精准记忆、两种所有格灵活转换、不可数名词量词搭配熟练运用。【三级过关精练】过关一・基础达标一、用所给名词适当形式填空Therearetwo________(library)inourschool.Mymotherboughtthree________(tomato)fordinner.Ineedsome________(information)aboutthesummercamp.The________(child)toysareeverywhereintheroom.September10this________(teacher)DayinChina.These________(German)arevisitingtheGreatWall.Isawsome________(sheep)onthefarmyesterday.Thetwo________(woman)arebothdoctors.Pleasepassmethree________(piece)ofbread.The________(student)classroomisonthesecondfloor.二、单项选择—Wouldyoulikesome________?

—Yes,alittleplease.

A.apple B.banana C.bread D.eggThe________ofthenewhospitalisverymodern.

A.design B.designs C.designer D.designedIhavetwo________andthree________.

A.watch;knife B.watches;knives C.watches;knifes D.watchs;knives________roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.

A.TomandSam B.Tom’sandSam C.Tom’sandSam’s D.TomandSam’s—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?

—I’dlikesome________.

A.orange B.oranges C.anorange D.theorangeTheshoesaretooold.Ineedtobuyanew________.

A.pair B.one C.shoes D.shoeTherearefifty________inourschool.

A.womanteacher B.womenteachers C.womenteacher D.womanteachersThisis________bedroom.It’stidyandclean.

A.LilyandLucy’s B.Lily’sandLucy’s C.Lily’sandLucy D.LilyandLucy—Howmany________arethereintheroom?

—Onlyone.

A.meat B.bread C.furniture D.chairTheshirtisoneof________.

A.myfather B.myfather’s C.myfathers D.fathers过关二・能力提升三、用所给名词适当形式填空Canyougivemesome________(advice)onhowtolearnEnglishwell?The________(leaf)onthetreeturnyellowinautumn.Allthe________(passer-by)stoppedtowatchtheaccident.The________(shelf)inthelibraryarefullofbooks.Weneedthree________(hour)walktogettothevillage.四、单项选择—Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

—I’dlike________.

A.twoglassesofwaters B.twoglassofwater

C.twoglassesofwater D.twoglassofwaters—Whosejacketsarethese?

—Theyare________.Theylosttheminthegym.

A.TomandJerryB.Tom’sandJerry’sC.Tom’sandJerry D.TomandJerry’sThedoctortoldmetoeatmore________becausetheyaregoodformyhealth.

A.tomato B.tomatoes C.tomatos D.atomatoThereisnotenough________intheroomforsomanypeople.

A.room B.rooms C.aroom D.theroomThefamoussingerhasmillionsof________allovertheworld.

A.fan B.fans C.fane D.fanesWouldyoupleaseshowmea________ofpaper?

A.piece B.pieces C.peace D.sheetAllthe________inourclassarefromthesamecity.

A.boystudents B.boysstudents C.boystudent D.boysstudentThisisnotmydictionary.It’s________.

A.mysister B.mysister’s C.ofmysister D.sisters—Whatkindofnoodleswouldyoulike?

—I’dlikesome________noodles.

A.tomatoandbeef B.tomatoesandbeef C.tomatoandbeefs D.tomatoesandbeefsThe________ofthemountainisabout2,000metresabovesealevel.

A.high B.height C.highly D.higher过关三・综合突破五、短文填空：填入适当词或括号内名词正确形式DearMum,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mhavingagreattimeatthesummercamp.Everymorningwegetupat6:00anddosomemorning36________(exercise).Afterbreakfast,wehavedifferentkindsof37________(activity).Yesterdayour38________(teacher)toldusmanyinterestingstoriesaboutthelocalhistory.Ihavemadetwonew39________(friend)here.TheyarebothfromAmerica.Oneisa15-year-old40________(boy),andtheotherisalovely41________(girl).Thefoodhereisdelicious.Wehavefresh42________(vegetable)andfruiteveryday.Lastnightwehadapartyaroundthefire.Allthe43________(child)sanganddancedhappily.The44________(camp)lifeissowonderfulthatIdon’twanttoleave.Ialsoboughtsome45________(gift)foryouandDad.Imissyouverymuch.PleasesayhellotoDadandmylittlesister.Yours,

LiMing参考答案与详细解析过关一・基础达标一、词形填空libraries辅音+y结尾，变y为i加estomatoestomato为有生命o结尾名词，加esinformation不可数名词，无复数children’schildren是child不规则复数，非s结尾复数名词，所有格加’sTeachers’教师节，表全体教师，复数所有格加’，统一规范写法Teachers’DayGermansGerman复数直接加s；Germany是国家“德国”，不可混淆sheep单复数同形womenwoman不规则复数，对应后面doctorspiecesthree后量词piece变复数students’students是以s结尾复数名词，所有格只加’二、单项选择Calittle只能修饰不可数名词，bread不可数；apple/banana/egg均为可数单数，不能搭配alittleA句子谓语is为单数，主语用单数名词design（设计）；designs复数不匹配；designer“设计师”语义不通；designed是形容词/动词过去式，不能作主语Bwatch以ch结尾复数watches；knife以fe结尾变knives；watchs、knifes均为错误拼写D后文room单数，说明Tom和Sam共用一间房，共同所有只在最后名词加’s；C选项各自拥有，对应复数roomsAorange此处表“橙汁”，不可数名词，some后不加s；oranges指橙子（水果）Ashoes成双使用，量词pair；anewpair一双新鞋，one不能指代pairBman作定语，复数前后双变：menteachersAbedroom单数，两人共用，LilyandLucy’s；B项各自拥有，对应复数bedroomsDHowmany后必须接可数名词复数；meat、bread、furniture全为不可数名词，只有chair可数Bone