刮板输送机外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录A刮板输送机刮板输送机是一种挠性牵引的连续输送机械，是为采煤工作面和采区巷道运煤布置的机械。它的牵引机构是刮板链，承载装置是中部槽，刮板链安装在中部槽的槽面。中部槽沿运输路线全线铺设，刮板链绕经机头、机尾的链轮接成封闭形置于中部槽中，与滚筒采煤机和输送机推移装置配套，实现落煤、装煤、运煤及推移输送机械化。沿输送机全长都可向溜槽中装煤，装入中部槽中的煤被刮板链拖拉，在中部槽内滑行到卸载端卸下。

一般的刮板输送机能在25°以下的条件使用。刮板输送机在使用中要受拉、压、弯曲、冲击摩擦和腐蚀等多种作用，因此，必须有足够的强度、刚度、耐磨和耐腐蚀性。由于它的运输方式是物料和刮板链都在槽内滑行，因此运行阻力和磨损都很大。但是，在采煤工作面运煤，目前还没有更好的机械可代替，只能从结构上、强度上和制造工艺上不断研究，使它更加完善、耐用。

刮板输送机是与大型综采工作面设备配套使用的液压支架、采煤机，完成把工作面采煤机采下的煤输送、转运到后续运输设备上的任务，并提供相应的连接手段。设计要求与ZY2300转载机自移机尾配套，以实现在2.3米范围内整体移动而不必拆移输送机。与ZY2300转载机自移机尾配合可更方便地调节皮带机，增强了输送机与转载机配合的协调性。本刮板输送机与MG300/700-WD采煤机配套使用，运量可达1000t/h，技术先进，工作可靠，是大型综采配套设备的优秀机型

齿轮传动是现代机械中应用最广的一种传动形式.它的主要优点是：①瞬时传动比恒定、工作平稳、传动准确可靠，可传递空间任意两轴之间的运动和动力；②适用的功率和速度范围广；③传动效率高，=8；④工作可靠、使用寿命长；⑤外轮廓尺寸小、结构紧凑.由齿轮、轴、轴承及箱体组成的齿轮减速器,用于原动机和工作机或执行机构之间,起匹配转速和传递转矩的作用,在现代机械中应用极为广泛.行星轮系减速器较普通齿轮减速器具有体积小、重量轻、效率高及传递功率范围大等优点，逐渐获得广泛应用.同时它的缺点是：材料优质、结构复杂、制造精度要求较高、安装较困难些、设计计算也较一般减速器复杂.但随着人们对行星传动技术进一步的深入地了解和掌握以及对国外行星传动技术的引进和消化吸收，从而使其传动结构和均载方式都不断完善，同时生产工艺水平也不断提高，完全可以制造出较好的行星齿轮传动减速器.根据负载情况进行一般的齿轮强度、几何尺寸的设计计算，然后要进行传动比条件、同心条件、装配条件、相邻条件的设计计算，由于采用的是多个行星轮传动，还必须进行均载机构及浮动量的设计计算.行星齿轮传动根据基本够件的组成情况可分为：2KH、3K、及KHV三种.若按各对齿轮的啮合方式，又可分为：NGW型、NN型、WW型、WGW型、NGWN型和N型等.国内的减速器多以齿轮传动、蜗杆传动为主，但普遍存在着功率与重量比小，或者传动比大而机械效率过低的问题.另外，材料品质和工艺水平上还有许多弱点，特别是大型的减速器问题更突出，使用寿命不长.国外的减速器，以德国、丹麦和日本处于领先地位，特别在材料和制造工艺方面占据优势，减速器工作可靠性好，使用寿命长.但其传动形式仍以定轴齿轮传动为主，体积和重量问题，也未解决好.当今的减速器是向着大功率、大传动比、小体积、高机械效率以及使用寿命长的方向发展.减速器与电动机的连体结构，也是大力开拓的形式，并已生产多种结构形式和多种功率型号的产品.近十几年来,由于近代计算机技术与数控技术的发展，使得机械加工精度，加工效率大大提高，从而推动了机械传动产品的多样化，整机配套的模块化，标准化，以及造型设计艺术化，使产品更加精致，美观化.设计任何机械零件的理想情况为，工程师可以利用大量的他所选用的这种材料的强度试验数据。这些试验应该采用与零件有着相同的热处理，表面光洁度和尺寸大小的试件进行，而且试验应该在与零件使用过程中承受的载荷完全相同的情况下进行。这表明，如果零件将要承受弯曲载荷，那么就应该进行弯曲载荷的试验。如果零件将要承受弯曲和扭转的复合载荷，那么就应该进行弯曲和扭转复合载荷的试验。这些种类的试验可以提供非常有用和精确的数据。它们可以告诉工程师应该使用的安全系数和对于给定使用寿命时的可靠性。在设计过程中，只要能够获得这种数据，工程师就可以尽可能好地进行工程设计工作。以下几个例子是设计工作中对机械设计中零件选择应注意的一些问题①联轴器是用来把两个相邻轴端连接起来的装置。在机械结构中，联轴器被用来实现相邻的两根传动轴之间的半永久性连接。在机器的正常使用期间内，这种连接一般不必拆开，在这种意义上，可以说联轴器的连接是永久性的。但是在紧急情况下，或者需要更换以磨损的零件时，可以先把联轴器拆开，然后再连接上。联轴器有几种类型，它们的特性随其用途而定。如果制造工厂中或者船舶的螺旋桨需要一根特别长的轴，可以采用分段的方式将其制造出来，然后采用刚性联轴器将各段连接起来。一种常用的联轴器是由两个配对的法兰（盘）组成，这两个法兰盘借助靠键传动的轴套连接到相邻两节轴的两端，然后用螺栓穿过法兰连接起来形成刚性接头。相互连接的两根轴通常是靠法兰面上的槽口来对准的。在把属于不同的设备（例如一个电动机和一个变速箱）的轴连接起来的时候，要把这些轴精确地对准是比较困难的，对此可以采用弹性联轴器。这种联轴器连接轴的方式可以把由于被连接轴之间的轴线的不重合所造成的有害影响减少到最低程度。弹性联轴器也允许被连接的轴在它们各自的载荷系统作用下产生偏斜或在轴线方向自由移动（浮动）而不致于相互干扰。弹性联轴器也可以用来减轻从一根轴传到另一根轴上的冲击载荷和振动的强度。②各种结构类型轴承由于不同的结构特性，可适应于不同的使用条件，设计人员可根据自己的需要进行选择。通常选择轴承类型时应综合考虑下列各主要因素：载荷情况：我们设计时应考虑它的大小、方向、以及性质。高速性能：

一般摩擦力矩小、发热量小的轴承高速性能好。球轴承比滚子轴承有较高的极限转速，故高速时应优先考虑选用球轴承轴向游动性能：一般机械工作时，因机械摩擦或工作介质的关系而使轴发热，从而有热胀冷缩产生。在选择轴承结构类型时，应使其轴有铀向游动的可能性。允许的空间：在机械设计中，一般都是先确定轴的尺寸，然后根据轴的尺寸来确定轴承的尺寸。小轴选用球轴承，大轴一般都选用滚子轴承安装与拆卸方便：对于轴承使用寿命一般都难以等同主机使用寿命，在实际使用中轴承作为易损件要经常装拆。因此，在选用轴承结构类型时应要求装拆方便。一个设计人员只有在设计过程中考虑全面，严谨，遵循应有的规则，才有为设计出一个优秀的产品打下良好的基础。在21世纪成套机械装备中,齿轮仍然是机械传动的基本部件.CNC机床和工艺技术的发展,推动了机械传动结构的飞速发展.在传动系统设计中的电子控制、液压传动、齿轮、带链的混合传动,将成为变速箱设计中优化传动组合的方向.在传动设计中的学科交叉,将成为新型传动产品发展的重要趋势.

附录BScraperconveyor

Scraperconveyorisareprintoffullycoalfaceancillaryequipmentinthetransportsystemanimportantpartoftheroadwayinthefaceoftheacceptedfacescraperconveyorunloadingofcoalflow,nothaltthetransfertotheretractablebeltConveyorboost.Bridgereversedloaderwiththeface-scraperconveyormachinesynchronousoverhishead,faceShearerguaranteeforcoalmining,andfullymechanizedcoalfaceofhighyieldandhighefficiencyoperations.

Scraperconveyorisareprintofaspecialstructureofthescraperconveyor,powertrainanddriveandscraperconveyorsimilartoarampofitsfuselageandasectionofthearchbridgestructureandbeltconveyorsinthetailParagraphabovelap.Intheback-alleyinthecoalfacewhenthemachinegoestoreprintitsarchbridgeandalloftheaircraftendedthelapbeltconveyorstackofpositionlimits,aretractablebeltconveyorshortenedrideNextlengthofthebeltconveyorforthedevelopmentoftheshifttohome-unloadingnosereproducedbelow,canbereproducedwiththefaceoftheadvancegoesforward.

Reproducedlarge-scalemachineisfullycoalfacewiththeequipmentsupportingtheuseoftheGatetransmission,reproducedequipment,tocompletethefaceconveyorsenttothecoaltransportation,transitfacilitiestofollowupontheconveyorbeltoftasksandtoprovidetheappropriatemeansofconnection.ZY2300beltwiththedesignrequirementsforsupportingthetailsincetheshifttoachieveinthe2.3metresoftheoverallmobileratherthandemolishedshiftbeltmachine.ZY2300beltandthetailoftheshiftcanbemoreeasilycopewithbelt-regulation,enhancethebelt-and-reproducedwiththecoordination.ThisreprintofMG300/700-WDandsupportingtheuseofconveyor,capacityupto1,000tons/hour,technologicallyadvanced,reliable,large-scalecomprehensiveminingequipmentsupportingtheexcellentmodels.WheelgearsWheelgearsspreadingtomoveisathemostwidekindoftheapplicationspreadstomoveaforminthemodernmachine.ItsmainadvantageBE:The①spreadstomovetosettle,workthaninamomentsteady,spreadtomoveaccuratecredibility,candeliverspacearbitrarilysportandthemotiveoftheoftwostalks；Powerandspeedscope②appliesarewide；③spreadstomoveanefficiencyhigh,=8；④workisdependable,servicelifelong；⑤Outlinesizeoutsidetheissmall,structuretightlypacked.Thewheelgearconstitutedto；；；fromwheelgear,stalk,bearingsandboxbodydeceleratesamachine,usedingforprimemoverandworkmachineorperformanceorganizationof,havealreadymatchedtoturnsoonanddeliverafunctionofturning,theapplicationisextremelyextensiveinthemodernmachine.Planetarygearreducergearreducerthanthenormalsmallsize,lightweight,highefficiencyandtransmissionpowerrange,etc,widelyappliedgradually.Atthesametimeitsdrawbacksare:materialquality,complex,highprecisionmanufacturing,moredifficulttoinstall,designcomplexcalculationsthantheaveragespeedreducer.butontheplanetaspeopledrivetechnologyfurtherin-depthunderstandingandknowledgeaswellastheintroductionofforeignplanetarytransmissionandabsorptionoftechnologytodrivethestructureandcontainitswayareconstantlyimproving,andcontinuouslyimprovethelevelofproductiontechnology,canproduceabetterplanetarygearreducer.Accordingtoageneralloadofgearstrength,geometricdimensionsofthedesigncalculation,andthentocarryouttransmissionratioconditions,concentriccondition,theassemblyconditions,designandcalculationoftheadjacentconditions,thankstothenumberofplanetarygeartransmission,alsomustbecontainedinstitutionsandthedesignoffloatingvolumecalculation.Planetarygeardriveaccordingtothecompositionofbasicenoughpiecescanbedividedinto:2KH,3K,andKHVarethree.Ifthemeshingofgearsbytheway,canbedividedinto:NGW-type,NN-based,WW-type,WGWtype,NGWNtypeandN-typeandsoon.Idesignedplanetarygearis2KHNGWplanetarytransmissiontype.⑥Localdecelerationmachinemuchwiththewheelgearspreadtomove,thepolespreadtomoveforlord,butwidespreadexistpowerandweightratiosmall,orspreadtomoveratiobigbutthemachineefficiencyleadalowproblem.Therearealsomanyweaknessesonmaterialqualityandcraftlevelmoreover,theespeciallylargedecelerationmachinesproblemismoreoutstanding,theservicelifeisntlong.Thedecelerationmachineofabroad,withGermany,DenmarkandJapanbeplacedintoleadaposition,occupyingadvantageinthematerialandthemanufacturingcraftspecially,deceleratingthemachineworkcredibilitylike,servicelifelong.Butitspreadstomoveaformtostilltakesettlingstalkwheelgeartospreadtomoveaslord,physicalvolumeandweightproblem,dontalsoresolvelikeThedirectionwhichdeceleratesamachinetoisthefacingbigpowerandspreadtomoveratio,smallphysicalvolume,highmachineefficiencyandservicelifetogrowgreatlynowadaysdevelops.Deceleratingtheconnectingofmachineandelectricmotorbodystructureisalsotheformwhichexpandsstrongly,andhavealreadyproducedvariousstructureformsandvariousproductsofpowermodelnumbers.Beclosetotenseveralinthelastyearses,controlatechnicaldevelopmentbecauseofthemoderncalculatortechniqueandthenumber,makethemachineprocessaccuracy,processanefficiencytoraiseconsumedly,pushedamachinetospreadthediversificationofmovablepropertyarticlethus,themoldpieceofthewholemachinekitturns,standardizing,andshapedesigntheartturn,makingproductmorefine,thebeautyturns.Becomeasetamachinematerialin21centuriesmedium,thewheelgearisstillamachinetospreadadynamicbasicparts.CNCtoolmachineandthecrafttechnicaldevelopment,pushedamachinetospreadtomovestructuretoflytodevelopsoon.Bespreadingtomovetheelectronicscontrol,liquidinthesystemdesigntopresstospreadtomove,wheelgear,takethemixtureofchaintospreadtomove,willbecomebecomesoonaboxtodesigninexcellentturntospreadtomoveacombinationofdirection.Theacademicsthatisinspreadmovethedesigncrosses,willbecomenewspreadamovablepropertyarticletheimportanttrendofthedevelopment.Essentialcharacter：Reductiongear、Bearing、gear、mechanicaldriveThemodernmechanicalsystemconceptis:Anymechanicalproductisaspecificsystemwhichiscomposedwithseveralcomponents,thecertainpartequipment,withthedefinitequality,therigidityandthedampingcertainobjectswhichhaverelationswitheachother,thissystemcancompletethespecificfunctionthesystem,thereforecallsitthemechanicalsystem.Themachinepartsarecomposethemechanicalsystemthebasicessentialfactor,thepartareitssubsystem。Thedesignworkisaprocesswhichrelapsecarrieson.Inthisprocess,wemustexperienceseveralstages,incarriesontheappraisalaftertheresult,inreturnstothefrontstage.Therefore,wemayfirstinthesystemensembleseveralcomponents,carryontheanalysisandtheoptimizationtothem,thencarriesonthesynthesisagain,lookedtheyhaveanyinfluencetothesystemotherparts.Theanalysisandtheoptimizationallrequestsustoestablishortomakethesystemtheabstractmodel,regardingthisinordertocarriesonthemathematicalanalysis.Wearecalledthesemodelsthemathematicalmodel.Whenestablishmentmathematicalmodel,wehopedcanfindtobeallowedtosimulatetheactualphysicalsystemwellthemathematicalmodel.Becauseofthehighlycompetitivenatureofmostmanufacturingbusinesses,thequestionoffindingwaystoreducecostiseverpresent.Agoodstaringpointforcostreductionisinthedesignoftheproduce.Thedesignengineershouldalwayskeepinmindthepossiblealternativesavailabletohiminmakinghisdesign.Itisoftenimpossibletodeterminethebestalternativeswithoutacarefulanalysisoftheprobableproductioncost.Designingforfunction,interchangeability,quality,andeconomyrequiresacarefulstudyoftolerance,surfacefinishes,processes,materials,andequipment.Toassuresoundandeconomicaldesignfromastandpoint,carefulconsiderationofthefollowinggeneraldesignrules-bothseparatelyandtogether-isofparamountimportance.theorderofimportancemayvaryaccordingtodesignrequirement,orfactors,buttheoverallimportancealwaysremainsthesame.Seeksimplicity.Designformaxminumsimplicityinfunctionalandphysicalcharacteristics.Determinethebestproductionmethod.Seekthehelpofaproductionengineertodesignforthemosteconomicalproductionmethods.Analyzematerials.Selectmaterialsthatwilllendthemselvestolow-costproductionaswellastodesignrequirements.Eliminatefixturingandhandingproblem.Designforeaseoflocating,settingup,andholdingparts.Employmaxinumacceptabletolerancesandfinishes.Specifysurfaceroughnessandaccuracynogreaterthanwhichiscommensuratewiththetypeofpartormechanismbeingdesigned,andtheproductionmethodormethodscontemplated.Inaddition,inthemechanicalsystemdesignprocess,choosingthesystemcomponentsisalsoaveryimportantlink.Oneoftheprimaryconsiderationsindesigninganymachineorstructureisthatthestrengthmustbesufficientlygreaterthanstresstoassurebothsafetyandreliability.Toassurethatmechanicalpartsdonotfailinservice,itisnecessarytolearnwhytheysometimesdofail.Thenweshallbeabletorelatethestresseswiththestrengthstoachievesafety.Ideally,indesigninganymachineelement,theengineershouldhaveathisdisposaltheresultsofagreatmanystrengthtestsoftheparticularmaterialchosen.Thesetestsshouldhavebeenmadeonspecimenshavingthesameheattreatment,surfacefinish,andsizeastheelementheproposestodesign;andthetestsshouldbemadeunderexactlythesameloadingconditionsasthepartwillexperienceinservice.Thismeansthat,ifitistobesubjectedtocombinedbendingandtorsion,itshouldbetestedundercombinedbendingandtorsion.Suchtestswillprovideveryusefulandpreciseinformation.Theytelltheengineerwhatfactorofsafetytouseandwhatthereliabilityisforagivenservicelife.Wheneversuchdataareavailablefordesignpurposes,theengineeringFollowingseveralexamplesaresomequestionswhichthecomponentsshouldpayattentionstointhedesignandchoicework:Acouplingisadeviceforconnectingtheendsofendsofadjacentshafts.Inmachineconstruction,couplingsareusedtoaffectasemipermanentconnectionbetweenadjacentrotatingshafts.Theconnectionispermanentinthesensethatitisnotmeanttobebrokenandrestoredinanemergencyorwhenwornpartsarereplaced.Thereareseveraltypesofshaftcouplingstheircharacteristicsdependonthepurposeforwhichtheyareused.Ifanexceptionallylongshaftisrequiredinamanufacturingplantorapropellershaftonaship,itismadeinsectionsthatarecoupledtogetherwithrigidcouplings.Acommontypeofrigidcouplingconsistsoftowmatingradialflanges(disk)thatareattachedbykey-drivenhubstotheendsofadjacentshaftsectionsandboltedtogetherthroughtheflangestofromarigidconnection.Alignmentoftheconnectedshaftsisusuallyeffectedbymeansofarabbetjointonthefaceoftheflanges.Inconnectingshaftsbelongingtoseparatedevices(suchasanelectricmotorandagearbox),precisealigningoftheshaftsisdifficultandaflexiblecouplingisused.Thiscouplingoftheshaftsisdifficultandaflexiblecouplingisused.Thiscouplingconnectstheshaftsinsuchawayastominimizetheharmfuleffectsofshaftmisalignment.Flexiblecouplingsalsopermittheshaftstodeflectundertheirseparatesystemsofloadsandanother.Flexiblecouplingscanalsoservetoreducetheintensityofshockloadsandvibrationstransmittedformoneshafttoanother.②Eachkindofstructuretypebearingasaresultofthedifferentstructurecharacteristic,mayadaptinthedifferentexploitactionconditions,designsthepersonneltobepossibleaccordingtoowntoneedtocarryonthechoice.Usuallychoosingthebearingtypeshouldsynthesizetheconsiderationoffollowingprimaryfactors:a.Loadingcondition:Weshouldconsideritssize,thedirection,aswellasthenature.b.Highspeedperformance:Thegeneralfrictionmomentsmall,thecalorificcapacitysmallbearinghighspeedperformanceisgood.Theballbearinghasthehigherlimitrotationalspeedcomparedtotherollerbearings,thereforeishighspeedtimeshouldfirstconsiderselectst