2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题完整版及参考答案

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题完整版及参考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Ifyouweretoexamineacompletedtasklistforatypicalday,youmightbeshockedbyhowmuchofyourtimewasspentnotdoingtheworkitself,butdoingtheworkaroundthework.Infact,studiesshowthatwespenda1amountoftime—upto50percent—ontheseauxiliarytasks.Thisphenomenonis2as"meta-work,"anditcanbeamajor3toproductivity.Whydowedoit?Partoftheansweristhatweare4tobeorganized.Webelievethatifwejustplanenough,wecan5chaos.Butoften,theplanningbecomesmore6thantheexecution.Wegetcaughtupinthe7ofmakingtheperfectto-dolist,designingtheidealworkflow,orfindingthebestapp,andwe8actuallydoingthetasks.Anotherreasonisthatmeta-workiseasierthantheworkitself.Itfeelslikewearemaking9,butweareavoidingtheoftendifficultor10aspectsofourrealjobs.Itisaformofprocrastination,buta11onebecauseitfeelsproductive.Tobreakthiscycle,weneedto12ourrelationshipwithmeta-work.First,acknowledgethatitishappening.13,setstricttimelimitsforplanning.Finally,focuson14.Insteadoftryingtooptimizeeverything,15a"goodenough"approach.Remember,thegoalistogettheworkdone,nottomaketheprocess16.Ofcourse,somemeta-workisnecessary.Weneedtoplanandorganizetosome17.Butwhenitstartsto18theworkitself,itbecomesaproblem.Bybeing19ofthistrapandtakingstepstoavoidit,wecan20ourproductivityandachieveourgoalsmoreeffectively.1.[A]significant[B]negligible[C]moderate[D]minimal2.[A]referred[B]known[C]labeled[D]named3.[A]factor[B]aid[C]obstacle[D]catalyst4.[A]conditioned[B]forced[C]obliged[D]required5.[A]eliminate[B]generate[C]increase[D]ignore6.[A]tedious[B]important[C]rewarding[D]complex7.[A]details[B]process[C]theory[D]habit8.[A]finish[B]avoid[C]delay[D]start9.[A]progress[B]money[C]decisions[D]sense10.[A]enjoyable[B]unpleasant[C]simple[D]routine11.[A]hidden[B]harmless[C]creative[D]common12.[A]redefine[B]maintain[C]strengthen[D]understand13.[A]Furthermore[B]However[C]Therefore[D]Conversely14.[A]quality[B]quantity[C]efficiency[D]completion15.[A]adopt[B]reject[C]propose[D]consider16.[A]perfect[B]faster[C]easier[D]longer17.[A]extent[B]degree[C]level[D]amount18.[A]complement[B]simplify[C]overshadow[D]support19.[A]proud[B]afraid[C]aware[D]fond20.[A]reduce[B]boost[C]measure[D]controlSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whydowehatecertainsongs?It’saquestionthathaspuzzledmusicloversandscientistsalike.Whileweoftentalkaboutthemusicwelove,themusicwehateisequallyrevealing."Musicaversion,"asresearcherscallit,isnotjustaboutbadtaste.Itisacomplexpsychologicalandphysiologicalresponse.Onemajorfactoris"musicalsurprise."Whenasongviolatesourexpectations,itcanbepleasurableorpainful.Ifthemelodyistoopredictable,wegetbored.Ifitistoochaotic,wegetannoyed.Ourbrainsareconstantlytryingtopredictthenextnote,andwhenasongconsistentlythwartsthesepredictionsinawaywedon'tlike,wereactwithaversion.Anotherfactoris"earworms."Songsthatgetstuckinourheadscanbecomesourcesofintenseirritation.Thisoftenhappenswithsimple,repetitivetunesthatareeasytorememberbuthardtoforget.Thebrain'sattemptto"completetheloop"cankeepthesongplayinginourmindlongafterwe'vestoppedlistening.Finally,thereisthesocialaspect.Weoftendislikemusicthatweassociatewithgroupswedon'tidentifywithorvaluesthatconflictwithourown.Inthisway,musicbecomesamarkerofsocialidentity.Hatingasongcanbeawayofdefiningwhowearenot.So,thenexttimeyoufindyourselfcringingatacatchypoptune,remember:it’snotjustyou.It’syourbrain,yourmemory,andyoursocialselfallreactingatonce.21.Accordingtothetext,"musicaversion"is______.[A]asignofpoormusicaltaste[B]asimplephysiologicalreaction[C]acomplexpsychologicalandphysiologicalresponse[D]aresultoflisteningtotoomuchmusic22.Theconceptof"musicalsurprise"impliesthat______.[A]predictablesongsarealwaysboring[B]chaoticsongsarealwayspainful[C]ourbrainstrytopredictthenextnote[D]violatingexpectationsisalwayspainful23.Earwormsbecomeirritatingbecause______.[A]theyaretoocomplextounderstand[B]theyaresimpleandrepetitive[C]theyareassociatedwithbadmemories[D]theyarehardtoremember24.Thesocialaspectofthemusicwehatesuggeststhat______.[A]musicisauniversallanguage[B]wehatemusicthatconflictswithourvalues[C]weonlylikemusicfromourownsocialgroup[D]musichasnoconnectiontosocialidentity25.Themainpurposeofthetextisto______.[A]explainwhywehatecertainsongs[B]criticizethemusicindustry[C]promotebettermusicaltaste[D]describethebenefitsofmusicText2TheUKgovernment’splantobuildageologicaldisposalfacility(GDF)fornuclearwastehashitasignificantroadblock.Theplan,whichinvolvesburyingradioactivewastedeepunderground,isseenbymanyastheonlylong-termsolutiontotheproblemofnuclearwastestorage.However,findingawillingcommunitytohostthefacilityhasprovenextremelydifficult.Thecurrentstrategyreliesona"volunteerism"approach,wherecommunitiesexpressinterestinhostingtheGDFandthenenterintoaperiodofnegotiations.Intheory,thisgiveslocalresidentsavoiceandensuresthatthesiteischosenwithconsent.Inpractice,however,theprocesshasbeenfraughtwithsuspicionandopposition.TherecentrejectionbyCumbriaCountyCouncil,aregionpreviouslyconsideredafrontrunner,highlightsthechallenges.Despitethepromiseofjobsandinvestment,localconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,andthestigmaofbeingthenation’s"nucleardustbin"provedtoostrong.Criticsarguethatthevolunteerismapproachisflawed.Theysuggestthatthegovernmentneedstotakeamoredecisivelead,perhapsbyidentifyingsuitablesitesbasedongeologicalcriteriaratherthanwaitingforvolunteers.Supportersofthecurrentapproach,however,arguethatforcingafacilityonacommunitywouldbeundemocraticandwouldlikelyleadtoyearsoflegalbattlesandprotests.Thedilemmaisaclassicone:howtobalancelocaldemocracywithnationalinfrastructureneeds.ThegovernmentmustfindawaytobuildtrustanddemonstratethattheGDFcanbesafeandbeneficialforthehostcommunity.Withoutthis,thesearchforasitecouldcontinueindefinitely.26.TheUKgovernment’splanfornuclearwasteinvolves______.[A]storingitinabove-groundfacilities[B]buryingitdeepunderground[C]exportingittoothercountries[D]recyclingitforfutureuse27.The"volunteerism"approachisdesignedto______.[A]forcecommunitiestoacceptthefacility[B]ensurethesiteischosenwithconsent[C]speeduptheselectionprocess[D]reducethecostofconstruction28.CumbriaCountyCouncilrejectedtheplanbecauseof______.[A]lackofgeologicalsuitability[B]insufficientfinancialincentives[C]concernsaboutsafetyandstigma[D]politicalpressurefromopponents29.Criticsofthevolunteerismapproachbelievethat______.[A]thegovernmentshouldidentifysitesbasedongeology[B]localdemocracyismoreimportantthannationalneeds[C]theprocessistooslowandexpensive[D]thefacilityisunsaferegardlessoflocation30.Thetextsuggeststhatthesuccessoftheplandependson______.[A]ignoringlocalopposition[B]findingageologicallyperfectsite[C]buildingtrustwithlocalcommunities[D]increasingthefinancialincentivesText3Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingconcernabouttheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth,particularlyamongteenagers.Whilesocialmediacanofferbenefitssuchasconnectionandsupport,italsopresentssignificantrisks.Theconstantcomparisontoothers,thepressuretopresentacuratedlife,andtheexposuretocyberbullyingcanalltakeatollonpsychologicalwell-being.ArecentstudybyresearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundthatlimitingsocialmediausetojust30minutesadayledtosignificantreductionsinlonelinessanddepression.Thestudyparticipantswhocutbackontheirusagereportedhigherlevelsoflifesatisfactionandbettersleeppatterns.Thissuggeststhatthenegativeeffectsofsocialmediaaredose-dependent;themoreyouuse,theworseyoufeel.However,thesolutionisnotassimpleasjustquittingsocialmedia.Formanyyoungpeople,theseplatformsareanintegralpartoftheirsociallives.Quittingcanleadtofeelingsofisolationandmissingout(FOMO).Furthermore,socialmediacompaniesdesigntheirproductstobeaddictive,makingitdifficultforuserstodisengage.Expertssuggestamorenuancedapproach.Insteadofacompletedetox,usersshouldbeencouragedtousesocialmediamoremindfully.Thisincludesbeingawareofhowmuchtimeisspentontheseplatforms,curatingfeedstoreducenegativecontent,andtakingregularbreaks.Parentsandeducatorsalsoplayacrucialroleinteachingdigitalliteracyandhelpingyoungpeoplenavigatetheonlineworldsafely.Ultimately,socialmediaisatool,andlikeanytool,itsimpactdependsonhowitisused.Byfosteringahealthierrelationshipwiththeseplatforms,wecanmitigatetherisksandenjoythebenefits.31.Themainconcernaboutsocialmediadiscussedinthetextis______.[A]itsimpactonacademicperformance[B]itsimpactonmentalhealth[C]itsimpactonphysicalhealth[D]itsimpactonsocialskills32.TheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudyfoundthatlimitingsocialmediause______.[A]hadnoeffectonmentalhealth[B]increasedfeelingsofloneliness[C]reducedlonelinessanddepression[D]improvedacademicperformance33.Thetextsuggeststhatquittingsocialmediacompletelyisdifficultbecause______.[A]itisanintegralpartofsociallife[B]itistheonlywaytostayinformed[C]itisessentialforcareersuccess[D]itistooaddictivetoquit34.The"nuancedapproach"recommendedbyexpertsincludes______.[A]acompletedetoxfromsocialmedia[B]usingsocialmediamoremindfully[C]banningsocialmediaforteenagers[D]increasingtheuseofsocialmedia35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssocialmediais______.[A]completelynegative[B]cautiouslyoptimistic[C]indifferent[D]stronglysupportiveText4TheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedKingdomhasmadealandmarkrulingregardingtheScottishindependencereferendum.ThecourtunanimouslydecidedthattheScottishgovernmentdoesnothavethepowertolegislateforareferendumwithouttheconsentoftheUKParliament.ThisrulinghassignificantimplicationsforthefutureofScotlandandtheUnitedKingdom.TheScottishNationalParty(SNP),whichleadsthedevolvedgovernmentinScotland,haslongarguedthatScotlandhastherighttoself-determination.Theyhadhopedtoholdasecondreferendumonindependence,followingtheonein2014wherevoterschosetoremainintheUK.TheUKgovernment,however,hasconsistentlyrefusedtograntthenecessarypermission,arguingthatthe2014referendumwasa"onceinageneration"event.TheSupremeCourt'srulingisamajorsetbackfortheSNPandtheindependencemovement.Iteffectivelyblockstheircurrentpathtoareferendum.TheFirstMinisterofScotland,NicolaSturgeon,describedtherulingas"hardtoaccept"butinsistedthatthedesireforindependencewouldnotgoaway.Legalexpertssuggestthattherulingclarifiestheconstitutionallimitsofdevolution.WhiletheScottishParliamenthaspowersovermanydomesticissues,mattersconcerningtheconstitutionandtheUnionarereservedtoWestminster.ThisreinforcestheprinciplethattheUKremainsaunitarystatewithasovereignparliament.Thepoliticalfalloutfromtherulingislikelytobesignificant.TheSNPmaynowfocusonmakingthenextUKgeneralelectiona"defacto"referendumonindependence,arguingthatavictoryfortheSNPwouldgivethemamandatetonegotiateindependence.Thisapproach,however,islegallyuntestedandpoliticallyrisky.TherulinghasalsoreignitedthedebateaboutthefutureoftheUnion.Pro-UnionadvocatesarguethatthedecisionstrengthenstheUK,whilepro-independencecampaignersseeitasadenialofdemocracy.Thecomingmonthswillbecrucialindeterminingthenextstepsinthislong-runningconstitutionalsaga.36.TheSupremeCourtruledthattheScottishgovernment______.[A]hasthepowertoholdareferendum[B]doesnothavethepowertolegislateforareferendum[C]mustholdareferendumimmediately[D]canholdareferendumwithoutUKconsent37.TheUKgovernmentrefusedtograntpermissionforasecondreferendumbecause______.[A]itisunconstitutional[B]itistooexpensive[C]the2014referendumwas"onceinageneration"[D]thereisnopublicsupportforit38.TherulingisseenasasetbackfortheSNPbecause______.[A]itclarifiestheconstitutionallimitsofdevolution[B]itstrengthenstheUK[C]itblockstheircurrentpathtoareferendum[D]itforcesthemtocallageneralelection39.The"defacto"referendumstrategyinvolves______.[A]holdingalegallybindingreferendum[B]usingageneralelectionasamandate[C]askingtheUKParliamentforpermission[D]takingthecasetotheEuropeanCourt40.Themainideaofthetextis______.[A]thehistoryofScottishindependence[B]theSNP'selectionstrategy[C]theimplicationsoftheSupremeCourtruling[D]thebenefitsoftheUnitedKingdomPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A]Theimportanceoftakingnotes[B]Howtotakeeffectivenotes[C]Differentnote-takingmethods[D]Thebenefitsofdigitalnote-taking[E]Thehistoryofnote-taking[F]Note-takingandmemory[G]Thefutureofnote-taking41.Note-takingisanancientpractice,datingbacktotheearliestcivilizations.ScribesinancientEgyptandMesopotamiausedclaytabletstorecordtransactions,laws,andstories.TheGreeksandRomansdevelopedsystemsofshorthandtocapturespeechesandlectures.Throughouthistory,theabilitytorecordinformationhasbeencrucialforthepreservationandtransmissionofknowledge.42.Takingnotesisnotjustaboutrecordinginformation;itisaboutengagingwithit.Theactofwritinghelpstofocusattentionandforcesthenote-takertoprocessthematerial.Thisactiveengagementimprovesunderstandingandretention.Notesserveasanexternalmemory,allowingustooffloadcognitiveburdenandfreeupmentalspaceforthinkingandanalysis.43.Therearemanydifferentwaystotakenotes,andthebestmethoddependsonthecontextandtheindividual.TheCornellMethod,developedatCornellUniversity,dividesthepageintocues,notes,andasummarysection.Mindmappingusesdiagramstorepresentideasandtheirrelationships.Outliningisahierarchicalmethodthatorganizesinformationinalogicalstructure.Eachmethodhasitsstrengthsandweaknesses.44.Inthedigitalage,note-takinghasevolved.AppslikeEvernote,OneNote,andNotionallowuserstocapture,organize,andsearchnotesacrossmultipledevices.Digitalnotescanincludetext,images,audio,andlinks.Theyofferadvantagessuchaseasyediting,cloudsyncing,andpowerfulsearchcapabilities.However,somestudiessuggestthathandwritingnotesmayleadtobetterconceptualunderstanding.45.Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,thefutureofnote-takinglooksexciting.Wecanexpecttoseemoreintegrationwithartificialintelligence,suchasautomaticsummarizationandsmartsuggestions.Voicerecognitionandtranscriptionwillmakeiteasiertocapturenotesonthego.Augmentedrealitycouldevenallowustooverlaynotesontothephysicalworld.Thegoalistomakenote-takingseamlessandeffortless.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theideathathistoryisaburdenisacommonone.(46)Itisoftenarguedthatthepast,withitsmistakesandtragedies,weighsheavilyonthepresent,preventingusfrommovingforward.Thisviewsuggeststhattoprogress,wemustbreakfreefromtheshacklesofhistory.(47)However,thisperspectivefailstorecognizethathistoryisalsoasourceofwisdomandguidance.Bystudyingthepast,wecanlearnfromtheerrorsofourpredecessorsandavoidrepeatingthem.(48)Historyprovidesacontextforunderstandingthepresent.Theeventsandtrendsoftodayarenotisolatedoccurrences;theyaretheresultofalongchainofcausesandeffects.(49)Withoutaknowledgeofhistory,wearelikeshipswithoutarudder,driftingaimlesslyintheseaoftime.Wecannotfullyunderstandwhoweareorwherewearegoingwithoutknowingwherewehavecomefrom.(50)Therefore,historyshouldnotbeseenasaburden,butasafoundation.Itisthebedrockuponwhichwebuildourfuture.Byembracingourhistory,wegaintheinsightsandperspectivesnecessarytonavigatethechallengesofthepresentandcreateabettertomorrow.SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:SupposeyouareastudentnamedLiMingandyouhavetakenacoursetaughtbyProfessorSmith.Youarewritingtohimtosuggestimprovementstothecourse.Inyouremail,youshould:1)Expressyourappreciationforthecourse.2)Suggestspecificimprovements(e.g.,moreinteractiveactivities,updatedreadingmaterials).3)Explainthereasonsforyoursuggestions.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname;use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould:1)Describethedrawingbriefly.2)Interpretthemeaning.3)Giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)[PictureDescription:Thedrawingdepictstwostudentslookingattheirtestpapers.Onestudenthasascoreof"Excellent"butlooksveryanxiousandstressed.Theotherstudenthasascoreof"Pass"butlookshappyandrelaxed.]参考答案与解析SectionIUseofEnglish1.[A]significant解析：文章提到我们花费高达50%的时间在这些辅助任务上，这是一个相当大（significant）的比例，而不是可忽略不计的、适度的或最小的。2.[B]known解析：固定搭配beknownas，意为“被称为”。3.[C]obstacle解析：根据上下文，这种“元工作”会占用大量时间，因此是生产力的一大障碍，而不是因素、辅助或催化剂。4.[A]conditioned解析：我们被条件反射式地教育要变得有条理。beconditionedtodosth.是常用表达。5.[A]eliminate解析：我们相信如果计划足够，就能消除混乱。6.[B]important解析：根据后文“我们沉迷于制定完美的待办事项清单...”，说明我们认为计划比执行更重要，或者至少我们在潜意识里赋予了它过高的权重。此处填important符合语境，即“计划变得比执行更重要”。7.[B]process解析：我们沉迷于制作清单的过程。8.[B]avoid解析：根据前文“沉迷于计划”，结果是“避免”了实际去做任务。9.[A]progress解析：元工作让我们觉得我们在取得进步，即使实际上并没有。10.[B]unpleasant解析：元工作比实际工作容易，因为它让我们避开了实际工作中那些困难或不愉快的方面。11.[A]hidden解析：这是一种拖延形式，但是是“隐蔽的”，因为它感觉上像是在工作。12.[A]redefine解析：为了打破这个循环，我们需要重新定义我们与元工作的关系。13.[A]Furthermore解析：这里是在列举建议，表示递进关系。14.[C]efficiency解析：专注于效率。15.[A]adopt解析：采取“足够好”的方法。16.[A]perfect解析：目标是完成工作，而不是让过程完美。17.[A]extent解析：固定搭配tosomeextent，意为“在某种程度上”。18.[C]overshadow解析：当元工作开始盖过工作本身时，它就成了问题。19.[C]aware解析：通过意识到这个陷阱...20.[B]boost解析：我们可以提高生产力。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText121.[C]acomplexpsychologicalandphysiologicalresponse解析：根据第一段"Musicaversion,"asresearcherscallit,isnotjustaboutbadtaste.Itisacomplexpsychologicalandphysiologicalresponse.可直接得出答案。22.[C]ourbrainstrytopredictthenextnote解析：根据第二段Ourbrainsareconstantlytryingtopredictthenextnote...可知。23.[B]theyaresimpleandrepetitive解析：根据第三段Thisoftenhappenswithsimple,repetitivetunes...可知。24.[B]wehatemusicthatconflictswithourvalues解析：根据第四段Weoftendislikemusicthatweassociatewithgroupswedon'tidentifywithorvaluesthatconflictwithourown.可知。25.[A]explainwhywehatecertainsongs解析：文章通篇都在解释“音乐厌恶”的原因，包括音乐惊喜、耳虫和社会认同等方面。Text226.[B]buryingitdeepunderground解析：根据第一段Theplan,whichinvolvesburyingradioactivewastedeepunderground...可知。27.[B]ensurethesiteischosenwithconsent解析：根据第二段Intheory,thisgiveslocalresidentsavoiceandensuresthatthesiteischosenwithconsent.可知。28.[C]concernsaboutsafetyandstigma解析：根据第三段localconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,andthestigma...provedtoostrong.可知。29.[A]thegovernmentshouldidentifysitesbasedongeology解析：根据第四段Theysuggestthatthegovernmentneedstotakeamoredecisivelead,perhapsbyidentifyingsuitablesitesbasedongeologicalcriteria...可知。30.[C]buildingtrustwithlocalcommunities解析：根据最后一段Thegovernmentmustfindawaytobuildtrust...可知。Text331.[B]itsimpactonmentalhealth解析：根据第一段...therehasbeenagrowingconcernabouttheimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealth...可知。32.[C]reducedlonelinessanddepression解析：根据第二段...limitingsocialmediausetojust30minutesadayledtosignificantreductionsinlonelinessanddepression.可知。33.[A]itisanintegralpartofsociallife解析：根据第三段Formanyyoungpeople,theseplatformsareanintegralpartoftheirsociallives.可知。34.[B]usingsocialmediamoremindfully解析：根据第四段...usersshouldbeencouragedtousesocialmediamoremindfully.可知。35.[B]cautiouslyoptimistic解析：作者既指出了社交媒体的危害，也提出了“更细致的方法”来利用其好处，态度是谨慎乐观的。Text436.[B]doesnothavethepowertolegislateforareferendum解析：根据第一段ThecourtunanimouslydecidedthattheScottishgovernmentdoesnothavethepowertolegislateforareferendum...可知。37.[C]the2014referendumwas"onceinageneration"解析：根据第二段TheUKgovernment,however,hasconsistentlyrefusedtograntthenecessarypermission,arguingthatthe2014referendumwasa"onceinageneration"event.可知。38.[C]itblockstheircurrentpathtoareferendum解析：根据第三段Iteffectivelyblockstheircurrentpathtoareferendum.可知。39.[B]usingageneralelectionasamandate解析：根据第五段TheSNPmaynowfocusonmakingthenextUKgeneralelectiona"defacto"referendumonindependence...可知。40.[C]theimplicationsoftheSupremeCourtruling解析：文章主要讨论了最高法院裁决的内容及其对苏格兰独立运动和英国宪法的未来影响。PartB41.[E]Thehistoryofnote-taking解析：该段讲的是从古埃及、古希腊罗马到现代的笔记记录