Unit 1 Language Points 同步练习-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版2019选择性必修第二册

Unit1Book2(选择性必修)LanguagePointsWordFormation1)severe(adj.)=>___________________(adv.);________________(n.)2)frustrate(v.)=>__________________(n.);_________/_________(adj.)3)contradict(v.)=>____________(n.);______________________(adj.)4)infect(v.)=>____________(n.)=>_____________________(adj.)5)describe/subscribe(v.)=>_____________/______________(n.)6)prove(v.)=>__________(n.)7)multiple(adj.)=>___________(v.)8)intervene(v.)=>____________(n.) 9)pure(adj.)=>___________(v.)10)substance(n.)=>_____________________(adj.)11)increase(v.&n.)______________________(v.&n.)12)transform(v.)=>________(n.) 13)initial(adj.)=>_________(adv.)14)patriot(n.)=>_______(n.);__________(adj.)=>__________(adv.)15)mechanic(n.)=>_______(adj.) 16)defend(v.)=>_______(n.)17)assist(v.)=>____________(n.);_____________________(n.)18)gift/talent(n.)=>___________________/__________________(adj.)19)steady(adj.)=>_______(adj.) 20)brilliant(adj.)=>_______(n.)21)fault(n.)=>_________(adj.) 22)vivid(adj.)=>____________(adv.)"Whatwehaveherearefiresthatmighthaveoccurredanyway,"PeterGleick,aUSclimatescientist,toldTime."Buttheextent,the____________(severe),andtheintensity(强度)ofthesefiresisfarworsethanitotherwisewouldhavebeenwithoutthefingerprintsofclimatechange."EvenduringtheCOVID-19pandemic,peopleneedtotravel.Butmeasureslikeleavingemptyseatsonplanesinordertomaintainasafedistancebetweenpassengershave_________(severe)impactedairlines.“Mom!”Thetoneisfullof__________________(frustrate)andannoyance.Themeaningisobvious—stop!____________(frustrate)withmyexamresults,Ialmostlostconfidence.China'spoliticalsystemisChina'schoicethatsuitsitsownconditions,butthatdoesn'tmeanitisnecessarily____________________(contradict)totheWesternpoliticalsystem.Asanopenparty,theCPCishappytoembracenewthingswhilestayingtruetoitsaspirations(志向、抱负),andthat'swhyithasledChinatomakeremarkableachievements.Tocontaincross___________(infect)ofthevirus,railways,airportsandotherpublictransportationhubshavestrengtheneddisinfection(消毒),ventilation(通风)andsanitation(卫生)ofvehiclesandstationsacrossChina,reportedChinaDaily.Membershipoftheclubisavailableatanannual__________(subscribe)of£300.Theseresultsareafurther__________________(prove)ofhisoutstandingability.Sincethen,argumentsforandagainsthomeworkhavecontinuedto_____________(multiple).Ofcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernment_____________________(intervene)thatsavedtheday.Ifyou'reinThailandbetweenApril13thand15th,getreadyfortheworld'sbiggestwaterfight.ThecelebrationmarksthebeginningoftheThaiNewYear,atimewhenwaterismeantto________________(pure)andrenew.Althoughrecentyearshaveseen____________________(substance)reductionsinpollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Thisyearsawhis_____________________(transform)fromaboynextdoortoamature,determinedyoungman. Thedamagewasfarmoreseriousthan____________________(initial)believed.Whatfollowsisaguidetospendingandsaving,bothsensiblyand______________________(patriotic).Alife-sizeroboticflyhasbeendevelopedbyHarvardUniversity.The_________(mechanic)insectweighsnomorethanapinheadandhasawingspanofjust3cm.Mr.Greenstoodupin_______(defend)ofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.Myfirstassignmentwastoworkasan__(assist)toanexperiencedjournalistwhowastostronglyinfluencemylife.Tothinkofgeniusesandthe_________________(gift)ashavinguniquelydifferentbrainsisonlyreasonableifweacceptthateachhumanbrainisuniquelydifferent.China'simageisimproving___________________(steady),withmorecountriesrecognizingitsroleininternationalaffairs.Googleowesmuchofitssuccesstothe___________________(brilliant)ofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesoffortunateevents.Perhapsangerhadcloudedhisvision;perhapshisjudgmenthadbeen_______________(fault).Ifonlytomorrowonawaking,Icouldagaincallalltomindso__________________(vivid)!WordStudysubscribe(v.)=>subscriber/subscriptionIfyousubscribetoanopinionorbelief,youareoneofanumberofpeoplewhohavethisopinionorbelief.同意；赞同Ifyousubscribetoamagazineoranewspaper,youpaytoreceivecopiesofitregularly.定期订阅Ifyousubscribetoacharityoracampaign,yousendmoneytoitregularly.定期捐款________________________________NewScientististokeepabreastofadvancesinscience.我订阅《NewScientist》的主要原因是想及时了解科学界的最新发展。(subscribe)____________________________________isduetoberenewednolaterthantheendofDecember.你要在12月月底前续订这本杂志。(subscription)suspect(v.&n.)Ifyoususpectthatsomethingdishonestorunpleasanthasbeendone,youbelievethatithasprobablybeendone.Ifyoususpectsomeoneofdoinganactionofthiskind,youbelievethattheyprobablydidit.怀疑，觉得suspectthat….&doubtwhether…suspectsb.ofdoingsth.Asuspectisapersonwhothepoliceorauthoritiesthinkmaybeguiltyofacrime.嫌疑犯，可疑对象_________________herboyfriendislyingtoher,shehasmadeuphermindtodistancehim.她怀疑男朋友在对她撒谎，决定疏远他。Thepolicehavepromisedthatthose________________________therobberyshallbetrackeddownandputunderarrest.警方承诺要追踪到参与抢劫的疑犯予以逮捕。blame(v.&n.)Ifyoublameapersonorthingforsomethingbad,orifyoublamesomethingbadonsomebody,youbelieveorsaythattheyareresponsibleforitorthattheycausedit.指责;把…归咎于=>lay/place/putblameonsb.forsth.blamesb.forsth.=blamesth.onsb.scoldsb.fordoingsthaccusesb.ofdoingsthchargesb.withdoingsthIfsomeoneistoblameforsomethingbadthathashappened,theyareresponsibleforcausingit.该受责备betoblamefor…_______________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.Theworkerswereblamedfortheaccident,butinfact,itwastheirbosswho_______________________________.=Theworkerswereblamedfortheaccident,butinfact,theirbosswastheone________________________.工人们因这起事故受到了指责，但实际上，该受谴责的是老板。It’stypicalofhimto_________________________________wheneverhemakesmistakes.他就是这样：每当犯了错，就怪罪他人。(laytheblame)handle(n.&v.)Ahandleisasmallroundobjectoraleverthatisattachedtoadoorandisusedforopeningandclosingit.门把手Ahandleisthepartofanobjectsuchasatool,bag,orcupthatyouholdinordertobeabletopickupandusetheobject.柄;把Ifyousaythatsomeonecanhandleaproblemorsituation,youmeanthattheyhavetheabilitytodealwithitsuccessfully.(成功地)处理Ifyoutackleadifficultproblemortask,youdealwithitinaverydeterminedorefficientway.处理Ifpeoplesettleanargumentorproblem,orifsomethingsettlesit,theysolveit,forexample,bymakingadecisionaboutwhoisrightoraboutwhattodo.解决(纠纷、问题等)Whenyouapproachatask,problem,orsituationinaparticularway,youdealwithitorthinkaboutitinthatway.处理Ifyouaddressaproblemorissue,youstarttryingtosolveit.(着手)解决，处理Wheneverandwhereveracrisisarises,heistheveryperson________________________.无论何时、无论何地出现了危机，他总是那个派去处理危机的人。(appoint)initial(adj.&n.)Youuseinitialtodescribesomethingthathappensatthebeginningofaprocess.最初的Initialsarethecapitallettersthatbegineachwordofaname.Forexample,ifyourfullnameisMichaelDennisStocks,yourinitialsareM.D.S.(姓名的)大写首字母_____________________________________wassoonreplacedbydelight.我最初感到吃惊，但很快就转成了喜悦。______________________________DPH,whichstandsforDavidPerryHallworth.他名字的首字母是DPH，代表DavidPerryHallworth。solid(adj.&n.)Threestates:solid,liquidandgas.befrozensolidassolidasarockasolidfoundationfiveyearsofsolidachievementsolidevidenceSocoldwasitthatthelake______________________.气温很低，湖水都冻得结结实实。Dueto_________________________________________,theremotevillagehastakenonanewlook.由于5年实实在在的成就，这个偏远的乡村呈现出崭新的面貌。cast(v.)(cast,cast,cast)=>broadcastcastlighton/ontosth:toprovidenewinformationaboutsomething,makingiteasiertounderstandcastdoubt(s)onsth:tomakepeoplefeellesscertainaboutsomethingcastashadow/cloudoversth:tomakepeoplefeellesshappyorhopefulaboutsomethingcastalook/glanceatsb/sth:lookquicklyinaparticulardirectioncastavote:tovoteinanelectioncastaspellon/oversb:tousemagicwordsoractstochangesomeoneorsomething;toattractsomeoneverystronglyandtokeeptheirattentioncompletelyHiscontradictoryevidence_________________________hisreliabilityasawitness.他的证词前后矛盾,使人对他作为见证人的可靠性产生了怀疑.Recentresearch_______________________________________thecausesofthedisease.最近的研究结果使人们对该病的病因已有新的了解.Thefounderoftheorganizationpassedaway,________________________tobeheldthisweekend.该机构的创建者过世了，给本周末举办的庆典活动投下了一片阴影。pour(v.)Ifyoupoursomeoneadrink,youputsomeofthedrinkinacuporglasssothattheycandrinkit.Whenitisrainingveryheavily,youcansaythatitispouring.Ifalotofliquidorsmokepoursout,itcomesoutfromsomewhereinverylargeamounts.Iflotofpeopleorthingspourintooroutofaplace,alotofthemarriveorleaveatthesametime.(comefloodingin/crowdingin/pouringin)Ifyoupouroutyourthoughts,feelingsetc,youtellsomeoneallaboutthem,especiallybecauseyoufeelveryunhappy.Herocketedtofameovernight,andlettersofinvitation____________________________.他一夜爆红，邀请函蜂拥而至。Asheapproachedthedisabledcar,hesawsmoke_____________andflames________________________.他走近那辆事故车，看到有烟从车窗涌出、有火苗从车底窜出。breakout(v.)=>outbreak(n.)Ifsomethingsuchaswar,fighting,ordiseasebreaksout,itbeginssuddenly.(战争、殴斗、疾病等)爆发Ifaprisonerbreaksoutofaprison,theyescapefromit.逃出(监狱)Ifyoubreakoutofadullsituationorroutine,youmanagetochangeitorescapefromit.摆脱(沉闷的处境、常规)Ifyoubreakoutinasweat,asweatappearsonyourskin.出、冒(汗)Thereareconcernsthat______________________ifnosolutionisfound.有人担忧，如果不尽快找出解决方案，可能会爆发新的内战(civilwar)。Shefelttheneedto___________________________________anddosomethingexciting.她觉得必须从日常事务中解脱出来，找点有意思的事做。defend(v.)=>defense/defence(n.)Ifyoudefendsomeoneorsomething,youtakeactioninordertoprotectthem.defendsb.from/against…Ifyoudefendsomeoneorsomethingwhentheyhavebeencriticized,youargueinsupportofthem.=>indefenseofsb;insb’sdefenseWhenasportsplayerplaysinthetournamentwhichtheywontheprevioustimeitwasheld,youcansaythattheyaredefendingtheirtitle.Whenalawyerdefendsapersonwhohasbeenaccusedofsomething,thelawyerarguesontheirbehalfinacourtoflawthatthechargesarenottrue.Itturnedoutthatthe_______________(defend)championlostherfirstmatchofthetournament.=Asitturnedout,thechampionwho__________________________lostherfirstmatchofthetournament.Noonlookersteppedforwardto_________________thefalseaccusations,whichthrewherintodespair.遭受了不实指控，没有旁观者站出来替她说话，让她感到失望透顶。trace(v.&n.)Ifyoutrace(back)theoriginordevelopmentofsomething,youfindoutordescribehowitstartedordeveloped.追溯tracesth.(back)to…Ifyoutracesomeoneorsomething,youfindthembysearchingforthemcarefully.查出，发现，找到Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethingdisappearswithoutatrace,youmeanthattheystopexistingorstopbeingsuccessfulverysuddenlyandcompletely.消失得无影无踪Thestyleofthesepaintingscan_________________________earlymedievalinfluences.这些绘画的风格可以追溯到中世纪早期的影响。Onedayheleft,_____________________________.有一天他离开了，消失得无影无踪。besides(prep.&adv.)besides&besidebesides=inadditionto;apartfrombesides=inaddition;moreover;furthermore;what’smoreWehave_____________________________________________.除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。________________________________________,healsowritesnovelsinhissparetime.除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。Thehousewasoutofourpricerangeandtoobiganyway._____________,I'd________________________ourlittlerentedhouse.反正这个房子超出了我们的预算范围，而且也太大了。再说，我已经渐渐喜欢上我们租的小房子了。fault(n.)=>faulty(adj.)Ifabadorundesirablesituationisyourfault,youcauseditorareresponsibleforit.(It’smyfault.=Iamtoblame.)Afaultinsomeoneorsomethingisaweaknessinthemorsomethingthatisnotperfect.Ifyoufindfaultwithsomethingorsomeone,youlookformistakesandcomplainaboutthem.Ifsomethingbadhappenedtoyouthroughnofaultofyourown,itwasnotcausedbyyou.______________________________wearecurrentlytwoplayersshort.我们目前缺两名队员，这并非我们自身的原因。______________________________________,ourtransportsystemisstillbetterthanthatinmanyothercountries.我们的交通体系虽然有这种种缺陷，但依然优于其他许多国家的。It’stypicalofher________________________whateverIdo.不管我做什么，她一向都横挑鼻子竖挑眼。shift(n.&v.)Ifyoushiftsomethingorifitshifts,itmovesslightlyfromoneplaceorpositiontoanother.稍微移动shiftone’sgazefrom…to…=>Sb’sgazeshiftsfrom…to…shiftsb’sattentionawayfrom…Theattention/emphasis/focusshiftsonto…Ifsomeone'sopinion,asituation,orapolicyshiftsorisshifted,itchangesslightly.稍微改变=>ashiftin…Ifsomeoneshiftstheresponsibilityorblameforsomethingontoyou,theyunfairlymakeyouresponsibleormakepeopleblameyouforit,insteadofthem.推卸;转嫁Ifagroupoffactoryworkers,nurses,orotherpeopleworkshifts,theyworkforasetperiodbeforebeingreplacedbyanothergroup,sothatthereisalwaysagroupworking.Eachofthesesetperiodsiscalledashift.Youcanalsouseshifttorefertoagroupofworkerswhoworktogetheronaparticularshift.轮班,轮班职工______________________________________environmentalissues.媒体关注的焦点最近转移到环境问题上了。Hetriedto__________________________________hiscolleagues.他自己犯了错误，却试图把责任推给同事PhraseStudyinthat inone’sownright aswell take(it)apartshowpromise strikeout turnto inprogressaboveall comedown takeon inchargeofthanksto ingeneral subscribeto onceandforallCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththeproperphrasesabove.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholera________.________________,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snow_____________thesecondtheory.Eachyear,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldgetcholeraandmanydiefromit.Fortunately,wenowknowhowtopreventcholera,________theworkofJohnSnow.AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS,QianreturnedtoChinain1955.Hereceivedahero'swelcomefromhishomelandandwasput___________notonlydevelopingChina'srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfrom__________________thechallenge.Sincehe_________________withadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.(=aworldofabstractthought)Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Thishadhelpedhimasascientist,andhadhelpedhimevenmoreinhisfightagainsthisdisease._________________,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Thisoddcombinationofcharacteristicshadmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofthe20thand21stcenturies.Today,thecreationofanall-powerfulcomputercapableofhumanthoughtisstill___________.Furthermore,industriesthatuserobotsforrepetitiveordangerousworkoften______________Altomanagetheseelectronicworkers.Evenasayoungboy,daVinci__________________asanartist.Whenhewasfourteenyearsold,hewassenttolearnartinFlorence,Italy.Hetrainedforsevenyears,andthen__________________onhisown,workingforwealthymenthroughoutItaly,andlaterforthekingofFrance.Hisnotebooksshowthathewasnotonlythegreatestartistofhistime,butthegreatestscientist__________________.IndaVinci'smind,beforehecouldpaintsomething,hehadtoexamineit,________________,andevenseehowitworked.Thus,hisscientificresearchservedhisart.DaVinciwasalwaysfullofexcitementtoexplore,todiscover,andtocreate.Hesawnodivisionbetweenart,invention,andscience-theywereallapartofhiswonderfulnewworldofdiscovery.Thus,someofdaVinci'spaintingswerereallyscienceexperiments,___________theyusednewchemicalsandprocessesfromhisresearch.Atthesametime,hisscientificdrawingsareconsideredbeautifulpiecesofart_____________________,andmanyofthemwerecreatedtohelphimunderstandwhathewaspainting.DaVinci'sdesiretocreateandhisinterestintheworldaroundhimdrovebothhisartandhisscience.WordFormationseverely;severity frustrat