2025年GRE写作Verbal真题及答案

2025年GRE写作Verbal真题

Section1:AnalyticalWriting

AnalyzeanIssueTask

Prompt:

Thebestwaytounderstandthecharacterofasocietyistoexaminethecharacterofthemenandwomenthatthesocietychoosesasitsheroesoritsrolemodels.

Directions:

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderwaysinwhichthestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplainhowtheseconsiderationsshapeyourposition.

AnalyzeanArgumentTask

Prompt:

Thefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofafoodmanufacturingcompany:

"Overthepastyear,ourcompanyhasexperienceda15percentdeclineinsalesofourpremiumlineoforganiccannedsoups.Inanefforttoreversethistrend,weshouldreducetheadvertisingbudgetforthislineby50percentandreallocatethosefundstopromoteournewlineofinstant,freeze-driedmeals.Marketresearchindicatesthatconsumersareincreasinglylookingforconvenient,quick-to-preparemealoptionsduetotheirfaster-pacedlifestyles.Furthermore,acompetitorrecentlyachievedsuccesswithasimilarproductlaunch.Therefore,thisstrategywillundoubtedlyrestoreourprofitability."

Directions:

Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.

Section2:VerbalReasoning

Questions1to3arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PassageA:

Thediscoveryofhigh-pressureicephases,suchasiceVIIandiceX,hasfundamentallyalteredourunderstandingofwater’sbehaviorunderextremeconditions.Whilecommonice(iceI_h)floatsonliquidwaterduetoitslowerdensity,thesehigh-pressurephasesexhibitdensitiesexceedingthatofliquidwater.Thissuggeststhatdeepwithinicycelestialbodies,likeUranusandNeptune,distinctlayersofhigh-pressureicemayexist,potentiallyseparatingarockycorefromanouterliquidenvelope.However,thetransitionbetweenthesephasesisnotmerelyafunctionofpressure;temperatureplaysacritical,albeitcomplex,role.Recentspectroscopicstudiesindicatethatthehydrogenbondsinthesephasesbecomesymmetricatsufficientlyhighpressures,aphenomenonthatblursthelinebetweenmolecularandatomicbehavior.Thissymmetrizationhasprofoundimplicationsformodelingthemagneticfieldsofgiantplanets,astheelectricalconductivityoftheicechangesdramaticallyduringthephasetransition.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.refutethelong-heldbeliefthaticefloatsonliquidwater

B.discusstheimplicationsofhigh-pressureicephasesforplanetaryscience

C.detailtheexperimentalmethodsusedinspectroscopicstudies

D.arguethatUranusandNeptunearecomposedprimarilyofrock

E.explaintheroleoftemperatureincreatingcommonice

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthehydrogenbondsinhigh-pressureicephases?

A.Theyareweakerthanthosefoundincommonice.

B.TheyareresponsibleforthelowerdensityoficeI_h.

C.Theybecomesymmetricunderhighpressure,alteringelectricalconductivity.

D.Theypreventtheformationofarockycoreingiantplanets.

E.Theyareunaffectedbychangesintemperature.

3.Theauthormentionsthe"electricalconductivity"oficemostlikelyinorderto

A.provideevidencethatgiantplanetshavestrongmagneticfields

B.suggestthathigh-pressureicebehavessimilarlytoliquidmetal

C.explainaconnectionbetweenicephysicsandplanetarymagneticphenomena

D.challengetheresultsofrecentspectroscopicstudies

E.illustratethedangersofdeep-seaexploration

Questions4to6areTextCompletionquestions.Selectoneentryforeachblankfromthecorrespondingcolumnofchoices.

4.Whilethepolitician’spublicpersonawasoneofunwaveringconfidence,hisprivatejournalsrevealamanplaguedby________andself-doubt,oftenquestioninghisownabilitytolead.

A.aplomb

B.trepidation

C.equanimity

D.verbosity

E.stoicism

5.Thecritic’sreviewofthenewnovelwasunexpectedly________;ratherthanthescathingassessmentanticipatedbytheauthor,itwasanuancedanalysisthatacknowledgedboththebook’sflawsanditsconsiderablestrengths.

A.partisan

B.laudatory

C.vituperative

D.equivocal

E.harsh

6.Bythenineteenthcentury,theonce-vibrantartistictraditionoftheregionhadbecomeso________thatonlyafewartisanspossessedtheknowledgerequiredtoreplicatetheintricatetechniquesoftheirancestors.

A.ubiquitous

B.dormant

C.eclectic

D.prosaic

E.autonomous

Questions7to8areSentenceEquivalencequestions.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceasawholeandproducecompletedsentencesthatarealikeinmeaning.

7.TheCEO’sdecisiontobypassstandardproceduralchannelswasinitiallymetwithresistance,buther________approacheventuallywonovertheboardwhentheresultsprovedundeniablysuccessful.

A.autocratic

B.altruistic

C.imperious

D.malleable

E.diffident

F.magnanimous

8.Historianshavelongnotedthatthe________oftheancientempire’sdeclinewasnotasingulareventbutagradualprocessspanningcenturies,markedbyinternaldecayandexternalpressures.

A.inception

B.apex

C.trajectory

D.genesis

E.denouement

F.stagnation

Section3:VerbalReasoning

Questions9to11arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PassageB:

Inthemid-20thcentury,the"StandardModel"ofcosmologypositedthattheuniversebeganwithaBigBangandhasbeenexpandingeversince.However,thismodelfacedasignificanttheoreticalhurdle:the"horizonproblem."Thecosmicmicrowavebackground(CMB)radiation,arelicoftheearlyuniverse,isremarkablyuniformintemperatureacrossthesky.Regionsoftheuniversethatarenowwidelyseparatedwereoncetoofaraparttohaveevercommunicatedwitheachotheratthespeedoflighttoequalizetheirtemperatures.Toresolvethis,AlanGuthproposedthetheoryofcosmicinflationin1980.InflationsuggeststhatafractionofasecondaftertheBigBang,theuniverseunderwentanexponentialexpansion.Thisexpansionwouldhavesmoothedoutinhomogeneities,explainingtheuniformityoftheCMB.Whileinflationelegantlysolvesthehorizonproblem,itlacksdirectempiricalconfirmationandintroducesitsownsetoffine-tuningproblems,leadingsomephysiciststoseekalternativetheoriesormodificationstothestandardinflationaryparadigm.

9.Thepassageimpliesthatthe"horizonproblem"arisesprimarilyfromtheconflictbetween

A.theageoftheuniverseandthespeedoflight

B.theuniformityoftheCMBandthelimitationsimposedbythespeedoflightoncausalcontact

C.theexpansionoftheuniverseandthedensityofmatter

D.thetheoreticalpredictionsoftheStandardModelandtheactualdatacollectedbyastronomers

E.theconceptofaBigBangandtheexistenceofcosmicmicrowavebackgroundradiation

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutthetheoryofcosmicinflationfromthepassage?

A.IthasbeenconclusivelyprovenbyobservationsoftheCMB.

B.Itwasdevelopedtoaddressthehorizonproblemspecifically.

C.Itsuggeststhattheuniverseiscurrentlycontracting.

D.IteliminatestheneedfortheconceptoftheBigBang.

E.Itisuniversallyacceptedbyallphysiciststoday.

11.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

A.defendingtheStandardModelagainstitscritics

B.explainingtheoriginofthecosmicmicrowavebackground

C.describingatheoreticalproblemandaproposedsolutionincosmology

D.comparingthespeedoflighttotherateofuniversalexpansion

E.advocatingfortheabandonmentoftheinflationaryparadigm

Questions12to14areTextCompletionquestions.Selectoneentryforeachblankfromthecorrespondingcolumnofchoices.

12.Thesenator’sattemptto________thecontroversybyissuingavagueapologyfailed;insteadofquellingthepublicanger,itwasperceivedasanevasivemaneuverthatonly________theoutrage.

A.escalate..fostered

B.mitigate..exacerbated

C.clarify..illuminated

D.resolve..satisfied

E.ignore..soothed

13.Unlikethehighlyvariableclimateofthetemperatezones,thetropicalregionsexhibitaremarkable________intemperatureandhumiditythroughouttheyear,creatingastableenvironmentfordiverseecosystems.

A.fluctuation

B.stasis

C.capriciousness

D.intermittency

E.disparity

14.Thescholar’sinterpretationofthemedievaltextwasnotmerelyaliteraltranslationbuta________readingthatsoughttouncovertheallegoricalmeaningshiddenwithintheseeminglysimplenarrative.

A.pedestrian

B.superficial

C.hermeneutic

D.tangible

E.cursory

Questions15to16areSentenceEquivalencequestions.Selectthetwoanswerchoicesthatfitthemeaningofthesentenceasawholeandproducecompletedsentencesthatarealikeinmeaning.

15.Theplaywrightwasknownforhis________dialogue,whichoftendefiedgrammaticalconventionstocapturetheraw,fragmentednatureofhumanthoughtintimesofcrisis.

A.mellifluous

B.stilted

C.elliptical

D.lucid

E.coherent

F.terse

16.Whiletheinitialdataseemedpromising,furtheranalysisrevealeda________ofevidencethatwasinsufficienttosupportsuchasweepingconclusion.

A.plethora

B.modicum

C.sparsity

D.superfluity

E.paucity

F.surfeit

Questions17to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

PassageC:

Theconceptof"ecosystemservices"hasgainedtractioninenvironmentalpolicycirclesasameansofquantifyingtheeconomicbenefitsnatureprovidestohumanity.Theseservicesrangefromtangibleprovisionslikecleanwaterandtimbertointangiblefunctionslikeclimateregulationandpollination.Proponentsarguethatassigningmonetaryvaluetotheseservicesisessentialforincorporatingenvironmentalconsiderationsintocost-benefitanalyses,therebypreventingtheundervaluationofnaturalcapitalineconomicdecision-making.However,thisapproachhasdrawncriticism.Criticscontendthatcommodifyingnaturereducescomplexecologicalrelationshipstotransactionaltermsandmayinadvertentlyjustifythedestructionofspecificecosystemsiftheircalculatedeconomicvalueisdeemedlow.Theyarguethatnaturehasintrinsicvalueindependentofitsutilitytohumans.Furthermore,thedifficultyofaccuratelypricingdynamicandinterdependentecologicalsystemsposesasignificantriskofmiscalculation,potentiallyleadingtopolicyerrorsthatcouldhaveirreversibleenvironmentalconsequences.

17.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe"ecosystemservices"approach?

A.Ithasbeenuniversallyrejectedbyenvironmentalpolicycircles.

B.Itaimstointegrateenvironmentalfactorsintoeconomicframeworks.

C.Itfocusesexclusivelyontangiblegoodsliketimberandwater.

D.Itdeniesthatnaturehasanyvaluebeyonditsutilitytohumans.

E.Itsimplifiesthecalculationofeconomicvaluetoavoidpolicyerrors.

18.Inthecontextofthepassage,the"intrinsicvalue"ofnaturereferstovalue

A.determinedbymarketforces

B.calculatedthroughcost-benefitanalysis

C.inherentinnatureregardlessofhumanuse

D.derivedfromthepotentialforscientificdiscovery

E.assignedbygovernmentregulatorybodies

19.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthefinalsentenceofthepassage?

A.Itsummarizestheargumentsmadebyproponentsofecosystemservices.

B.Itprovidesaspecificexampleofasuccessfulpolicyapplication.

C.Itintroducesanewtheoreticalmodeltoreplaceecosystemservices.

D.Ithighlightsapracticallimitationassociatedwiththeecosystemservicesapproach.

E.Itrefutestheideathatnaturehasintrinsicvalue.

20.Theauthorofthepassagepresentstheviewsofthecriticsprimarilyinorderto

A.offerabalancedperspectiveonadebatedpolicyapproach

B.underminethecredibilityoftheproponents'arguments

C.demonstratetheoverwhelmingconsensusamongeconomists

D.advocateforthecompletepreservationofallecosystems

F.explainthescientificbasisofclimateregulation

AnswersandExplanations

Section1:AnalyticalWriting

Note:TheAnalyticalWritingsectionisscoredbasedonthelogicaldevelopment,organization,andlanguageuseoftheessayresponses.Belowaremodeloutlinesandkeypointsthatahigh-scoringresponsewouldinclude.

AnalyzeanIssueTask

ModelResponseStrategy:

Ahigh-scoringessaywouldacknowledgethevalidityoftheprompt—heroesdoreflectsocietalvalues—butwouldalsoarguethatthisviewislimitedorincomplete.

Agreement:Heroesoftenembodywhatacultureprizesmost(e.g.,individualismintheUS,communalharmonyinpartsofAsia).Historicalshiftsinheroselection(e.g.,fromwarriorkingstotechinnovators)mirrorshiftsinsocietalfocus.

Disagreement/Nuance:Heroesareoftenidealizedconstructsthatmaynotrepresentthe"average"citizenorthedarkerunderbellyofasociety.Furthermore,theselectionofheroescanbemanipulatedbymediaorpoliticalpowers,ratherthanarisingorganicallyfromthepopulace.

Conclusion:Whileexaminingheroesoffersaglimpseintoasociety'sideals,afullunderstandingrequiresanalyzingitslaws,economicstructures,anddailysocialinteractions,whichmaycontradicttheheroicideal.

AnalyzeanArgumentTask

ModelResponseStrategy:

Astronganalysiswouldidentifyseveralunstatedassumptionsandlogicalflaws:

1.Assumptionthatadvertisingcutwon'thurtsalesfurther:Thememoassumesthe15%declineisnotduetoinsufficientadvertising.Cuttingthebudgetmightacceleratethedecline.

2.Assumptionthatthenewproductwillsucceed:Itreliesongeneralmarketresearch("consumerswantconvenience")butprovidesnoevidencethatthisspecificcompanycanexecutethelaunchbetterthancompetitorsorthattheirbrandisassociatedwithinstantmeals.

3.Assumptionthatreallocationwillrestoreprofitability:Profitabilitydependsoncostsandrevenues.Evenifthenewproductsells,profitmarginsmightbelower.Thememoignoresproductioncostsofthenewline.

4.Assumptionaboutthecompetitor:Acompetitor'ssuccessdoesnotguaranteesuccessforthiscompanyduetodifferencesinbrandloyalty,distribution,orproductquality.

Section2:VerbalReasoning

1.B(discusstheimplicationsofhigh-pressureicephasesforplanetaryscience)

Analysis:Thepassagebeginsbydiscussingthediscoveryofhigh-pressure-icephasesandtheirphysicalproperties.Itthentransitionstotheimplicationsofthesepropertiesforthestructureofcelestialbodies(Uranus,Neptune)andtheirmagneticfields.Thefocusisonthescientificconsequences,notjusttheiceitself.Aistoonarrowandslightlyinaccurate(itdoesn'trefuteit,justcontrastsit).Cisadetail,notthemainpurpose.Disincorrect.Eisincorrect.

2.C(Theybecomesymmetricunderhighpressure,alteringelectricalconductivity.)

Analysis:Thetextstates:"Recentspectroscopicstudiesindicatethatthehydrogenbondsinthesephasesbecomesymmetricatsufficientlyhighpressures...Thissymmetrizationhasprofoundimplications...astheelectricalconductivityoftheicechangesdramatically..."

3.C(explainaconnectionbetweenicephysicsandplanetarymagneticphenomena)

Analysis:Thementionofelectricalconductivityislinkedto"modelingthemagneticfieldsofgiantplanets."Theauthorusesthisphysicalpropertytobridgethegapbetweenthemolecularphysicsoficeandthemacroscopicastronomicalobservationofmagneticfields.

4.B(trepidation)

Analysis:Thesentencecontrasts"unwaveringconfidence"with"self-doubt."Weneedawordthatmeansfear,anxiety,ordoubtaboutthefuture."Trepidation"fitsperfectly.

Vocabulary:Aplomb(self-confidence),Equanimity(calmness),Verbosity(wordiness),Stoicism(indifferencetopain).

5.D(equivocal)

Analysis:Thereviewwas"unexpectedly"notscathing(negative).Itwas"nuanced"andacknowledgedbothflawsandstrengths."Equivocal"meansambiguousoropentomorethanoneinterpretation;here,itfitsareviewthatisneitherwhollygoodnorwhollybad.

Vocabulary:Partisan(biased),Laudatory(praising),Vituperative(abusive),Harsh(cruel).

6.B(dormant)

Analysis:Thecontextimpliesthatthetraditionwasoncevibrantbutisnownearlyextinct,withonlyafewpractitionersleft."Dormant"(temporarilyinactiveorasleep)fitsthecontextofatraditionthathasfadedbutcouldtheoreticallyberevived,orsimplyceasedtobeactive.

Vocabulary:Ubiquitous(everywhere),Eclectic(derivingfromvarioussources),Prosaic(unimaginative),Autonomous(independent).

7.A,C(autocratic,imperious)

Analysis:TheCEO"bypassedstandardproceduralchannels,"whichimpliesadomineeringordictatorialstyle."Autocratic"and"imperious"bothdescribearulerwhoputstheirownwillaboveproceduresorothers'input.Theresultwassuccess,which"wonovertheboard,"validatingtheaggressivestyle.

8.C,E(trajectory,denouement)

Analysis:Thesentencediscussesthedeclineofanempireoveralongperiod."Trajectory"referstothepathfollowedbyanobjectorprocess;here,thepathofdecline."Denouement"usuallyreferstothefinalresolutionofaplot,butcanbeusedmetaphoricallyforthefinaloutcomeordecliningphaseofacomplexhistoricalprocess.Bothfitthecontextofagradualending.

Section3:VerbalReasoning

9.B(theuniformityoftheCMBandthelimitationsimposedbythespeedoflightoncausalcontact)

Analysis:The"horizonproblem"isdefinedastheconflictbetweenthe"remarkablyuniform"CMBtemperatureandthefactthatregionswere"toofaraparttohaveevercommunicated...atthespeedoflight."

10.B(Itwasdevelopedtoaddressthehorizonproblemspecifically.)

Analysis:Thetextsays,"Toresolvethis[thehorizonproblem],AlanGuthproposedthetheoryofcosmicinflation."

11.C(describingatheoreticalproblemandaproposedsolutionincosmology)

Analysis:ThepassagestartswiththeStandardModel,introducesaproblem(horizonproblem),anddescribesaproposedsolution(inflation)anditsstatus.ThismatchesCperfectly.

12.B(mitigate..exacerbated)

Analysis:Thesenatortriedtoreduce(mitigate)thecontroversy.Theattemptfailed;insteadofstopping(quelling)theanger,itmadeitworse(exacerbated).

Vocabulary:Escalate(increase),Clarify(makeclear),Resolve(solve),Ignore(paynoattention).

13.B(stasis)

Analysis:Thesentencecontrasts"highlyvariable"climatewith"remarkable[blank]"and"stableenvironment."Weneedawordmeaninglackofchangeorstability."Stasis"meansastateofinactivityorequilibrium.

Vocabulary:Fluctuation(variation),Capriciousness(unpredictability),Intermittency(startingandstopping),Disparity(difference).

14.C(hermeneutic)

Analysis:Thescholarislookingfor"allegoricalmeaningshiddenwithin"thetext."Hermeneutic"referstothebranchofknowledgethatdealswithinterpretation,especiallyofreligiousorliterarytexts.

Vocabulary:Pedestrian(dull),Superficial(surface-level),Tangible(touchable),Cursory(hasty).

15.C,F(elliptical,terse)

Analysis:Thedialogue"defiedgrammaticalconventions"andcaptured"fragmentednature.""Elliptical"impliestheomissionofwordsorphrasesthatwouldmakethesentencegrammaticallycomplete,fittingthefragmenteddescription."Terse"meansbriefandtothepoint,oftencuttingoutextrawords.While"terse"isgood,"elliptical"capturesthegrammaticaldefiancebetter.Let'sre-evaluate."Terse"ismoreaboutbrevity."Elliptical"isaboutomittingpartsofthesentencestructure."Fragmented"pointsstronglytoelliptical.Isthereabetterpair?"Stilted"(unnatural),"Mellifluous"(sweetsounding),"Lucid"(clear),"Coherent"(logical).Thepromptsays"defiedgrammaticalconventions.""Elliptical"isthebestfit.Isthereasynonymfor"elliptical"inthelist?No.Let'slookat"Terse"again.Tersespeechcanbefragmented.However,lookingatGRElists,"elliptical"isaspecificvocabularywordforthiscontext.Let'slookforasecondword.Perhaps"concise"isn'tthere.Wait,let'schecktheprovidedoptionsagain:A.mellifluous,B.stilted,C.elliptical,D.lucid,E.coherent,F.terse.

Correction:Actually,"elliptical"istheprecisetermforomittingwordstocreateafragmentedeffect."Terse"impliesbrevity.Theyareclosebutnotperfectsynonyms.However,inthecontextofGREsentenceequivalence,sometimeswelookforthebestfit.Let'sconside