安徽合肥百花中学等四校2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级期末考试 英语（含答案）

安徽合肥百花中学等四校2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级期末考试英语一、阅读理解AThehistoryofscienceisbuiltonthebreakthroughsofbrilliantminds.Whilemanyhavecontributed,theworkofthesefourindividualsfundamentallychangedtheirfieldsandcontinuestoimpactourlivestoday.OttoHahnOttoHahnwasapioneerinthefieldofnuclearchemistry.Hismostfamousachievementcamein1939withthediscoveryofnuclearfission—aprocessthatreleasesimmenseenergybysplittingatomicnuclei(原子核).ThisbreakthroughnotonlyearnedhimtheNobelPrizeinChemistryin1944butalsopavedthewayforbothnuclearenergyandatomicscience.Earlier,in1921,healsodiscoverednuclearisomerism,solidifyinghisroleasakeyfigureinradiochemistryandmodernphysics.LouisPasteurLouisPasteur’sworkhassavedmanylives.Hediscoveredthattinylivingthingscalledgerms(病菌)cancausesicknessandmakefoodgobad.Fromthis,hecreatedawaytoheatmilksoitissafetodrink—nowcalledpasteurization.Heisevenbetterknownformakingvaccines(疫苗)againstseriousdiseaseslikerabiesandanthrax.Hisimportantfindingshelpedstartmoderngermscienceandwaystopreventdisease,changinghowpeoplefightinfections.NikolaTeslaNikolaTesla,avisionaryinventor,wasinstrumentalincapturingthepowerofelectricity.Hechampionedalternatingcurrent(AC),whichprovedfarsuperiortodirectcurrentforcarryingelectricityoverlongdistances.ThisACsystembecamethefoundationofourmodernelectricalnetwork.Teslaalsoheldgroundbreakingpatentsinradiotransmissionandelectromagnetism(电磁),dreaminguptechnologiesthatwouldonlyberealizedlongafterhistime.JamesClerkMaxwellJamesClerkMaxwelltransformedourunderstandingofelectricity,magnetism,andlight.Throughasetofelegantequations—nowknownasMaxwell’sequations—heintegratedthetheoriesofelectricityandmagnetismintoasingleframework:electromagnetism.Hisworkpredictedtheexistenceofradiowavesandlaidtheessentialgroundworkforbothrelativityandquantumphysics.1.WhatNobelPrizedidOttoHahnwinin1944?A．Medicine.B．Physics.C．Chemistry.D．Literature.2.Whatispasteurizationusedfor?A．Makingfluvaccines.B．Increasingmilkproduction.C．Killinggermsonchicken.D．Keepingmilksafetodrink.3.WhatdoTeslaandMaxwellhaveincommon?A．Theystudiedelectromagnetism.B．Theypredictedradiowaves.C．Theyexploredatomicnuclei.D．Theyinventedalternatingcurrent.BIrememberdoingthehouseholdchorestohelpmymotherwhenIwasnine.Ihatedchangingthevacuumcleaner(真空吸尘器)bagandpickingupthingsthemachinedidnotcleanaway.Twentyyearslater,in1978,withthislifelongdislikeofthewaythemachineworked,Idecidedtomakeabaglessone.Easiersaidthandone,ofcourse.Ididn’trealizethatIwouldspendthenextfiveyearsperfectingmydesign,aprocessthatresultedin5,127differentprototypes(样机).BythetimeImademy15thprototype,mythirdchildwasborn.By2,627,mywifeandIwerereallycountingourpennies(便士).By3,727,mywifewasgivingartlessonsforsomeextracash,andweweregettingfurtherandfurtherintodebt.Theseweretoughtimes,buteachfailurebroughtmeclosertosolvingtheproblem.Intheearly1980s,Istartedtryingtogetlicensingagreementsformytechnology.Therealitywasverydifferent,however.Themajorvacuummakershadbuiltabusinessmodelbasedontheprofitsfrombagsandfilters(滤网).Noonewouldlicensemyidea,notbecauseitwasabadone,butbecauseitwasbadforbusiness.Butsoonafter,thecompaniesthatIhadtalkedwithstartedmakingmachineslikemine.IhadtofightlegalbattlesonbothsidesoftheAtlantictoprotectthepatentsonmyvacuumcleaner.Iwasstillinfinancialdifficultiesuntil1993,whenmybankmanagerpersonallypersuadedLloydsBanktolendme$1million.ThenIwasabletogointoproduction.Withintwoyears,theDysonvacuumcleanerbecameabest-sellerinBritain.Today,Istillacceptriskandthepotentialforfailureaspartoftheprocess.Nothingbeatstheexcitementofinvention.4.Whatdrovetheauthortomakeabaglessvacuumcleaner?A．Hiswillingnesstohelpmom.B．Hiscuriosityaboutmachines.C．Histroubleindoingfamilychores.D．Hisdiscontentwithexistingcleaners.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellus?A．Thehelpfromtheauthor’swife.B．Thefinancialproblemsofthefamily.C．Thetoughprocessofthenewinvention.D．Theproceduresofmakingabaglesscleaner.6.Whydidthecompaniesrefusetolicensetheauthor’stechnology?A．Theythoughttheymightsufferloss.B．Theyconsidereditnotgoodenough.C．Theyfacedlegalproblemsthemselves.D．Theyhadbegunmakingsuchmachines.7.Whatlessonmaytheauthorlearnfromtheexperience?A．Thinktwicebeforeacting.B．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending.CTheideathatyoucanusehumor,laughter,andplaytomakeyouhealthierprobablyseemstoosimpletobetrue.However,itisreallytrueandsimple.Thesenseofhumor,laughterandplayplaysanimportantpartinkeepingyouhealthy.Treattheblueswithasenseofhumor,whichiscloselytiedtolaughter.Laughterisinfectious.Haveyoueverheardabiglaughofayoungchildandbeenabletokeepyourselffromsmiling?Whenlaughterissharedbetweenpeople,itmakesthemclosertoeachotherandincreasestheirhappiness.Smilingisthebeginningoflaughterandasmileisalsojustasinfectiousaslaughteris.Youcanexperiencesomethingbysmilingateveryonearoundyou,andyouwillfeelhappierjustbysharingasmile,evenwithastranger.Playisanimportantpartofmakingsurethatwestayhealthy.Weareoftenencouragedtomakesureourchildrenplay,andaretoldofthebenefitsofbeingoutplaying.However,whatweoftenforgetisthatitisjustasimportantforoldpeopletomakeplaybepartoftheirlifeasit’sforchildren.Physicalplayisimportantfortheoldanditcertainlyhelpspreventillness.Whilethestudiesarestillintheearlystages,thestudiesthathavebeendonehaveshownthatphysicalplaycertainlyplaysapartinpreventingcognitive(认知的)falling.Anyway,addinghumor,laughter,andplaytoourlifewillinfluenceusmentally,physicallyandsociallyandbringusmanyadvantages.Soweshouldmakefulluseofhumor,laughterandplaytomakeourlifemoreactive,moreinterestingandhappier.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infectious”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Playinganimportantrole.B．Keepingpeopleinhighspirits.C．Quicklyinfluencingotherpeople.D．Preventingillnessfromspreading.9.Whatcanlaughterincreaseaccordingtotheauthor?A．Cognitiveability.B．Goodrelationships.C．Asenseofhumor.D．Happinessandtrust.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinktheoldshoulddo?A．Theyshouldhaveagoodrest.B．Theyshouldplaylikechildren.C．Theyshouldpreventcognitivefalling.D．Theyshouldtakepartinphysicalplay.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Humor,LaughterandPlayforHealthB．AlwaysKeepOurBodyHealthyC．HaveanActiveandHappyLifeD．LetOurBodyandMindRelaxDListeningtomusicwhiledrivingisacommonhabitformanypeople.Ithelpsusstayawake,improvesourmood,andmakeslongtripsmoreenjoyable.Over80%ofdriversplaymusiconmostjourneys,especiallyyoungerdriverswhofindithardtoconcentratewithoutit.Researchershavestudiedtheeffectsofmusicondrivingformanyyearsinvirtualdrivingenvironments.Theymeasurethingslikespeed,reactiontime,andcrashincidentsunderdifferentmusicconditions.Theresultsshowthatmusiccanbothhelpandharmdrivingperformance.Overall,listeningtomusictendstoleadtomoresimulated(模拟的)crashes,poorerspeedcontrol,andlessstablefollowingdistancescomparedtodrivinginsilence.However,musiccantemporarilyhelptireddriversstayalertonlong,dulldrives,thoughthiseffectfadesafter15-25minutes.Loudorfast-pacedmusicisoftenthoughttoberisky,butresearchshowsthepictureismorecomplex.Highvolumetendstoslightlyincreasespeed,whilelowvolumemakespeopledrivemoreslowly.Fastmusicdoesnotalwaysmakedrivingworse,butveryenergeticoraggressivesongscanleadtoriskierbehaviour,especiallyforyoungorinexperienceddrivers.Musicthatdriverschoosethemselvestendstobelessdistracting(分心的)thanmusictheydonotlike,asithelpsthemstaycalmandfocused.Inexperienceddriversaremoreeasilyaffectedbymusic.Studiesshowthatwhentheylistentoupbeatorfastmusic,theyaremorelikelytospeed,missroadsigns,andreactslowlytodangers.Incontrast,calmorslowmusiccanhelpthemstaymoreawareandrespondbettertodangersontheroad.Forsaferdriving,itisbesttolistentorecognizablesongs,atamoderatevolume,andavoidveryloudoraggressivetracks.Newdrivers,inparticular,maywanttolowerthevolumeoreventurnoffthemusicindifficultdrivingconditions.12.Howdomostresearchersstudytheeffectsofmusicondriving?A．Byconductingexperimentsindrivingsimulators.B．Byanalyzingrealcarcrashdatainvolvingmusic.C．Bysurveyingdrivers’personalpreferencesformusic.D．Bymeasuringdrivers’physicalhealthafterlongtrips.13.Whichtypeofdrivershouldbemostcautiousaboutlisteningtomusicwhiledriving?A．Driverswhoarefeelingexcited.B．Driverswithlittledrivingexperience.C．Driverswhopreferpopularmusic.D．Driverstravellinglongdistances.14.Whatisthesafestpracticefordriversregardingmusic?A．Listeningtoloudmusiconboringroadtrips.B．Enjoyingfastmusictokeepthebrainactive.C．Choosingfamiliarsongsatamediumvolume.D．Lettingthepassengerschoosethemusictoenjoy.15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Todiscouragedriversfromlisteningtomusic.B．Toexplorethedrivinghabitsbetweendifferentdrivers.C．Tocriticizeyoungdriversfortheirbadlisteninghabits.D．Toexplainhowmusicaffectsdrivingandofferadvice.七选五Along-distancefriendshipisbetweentwopeoplewholivequitefarapart—farenoughthattheydon’tseeeachotheronaregularbasis.Soalotofeffortisrequiredtomaintainit.____16____.StayintouchAfriendshipwon’tlastwithoutconnection.____17____.Forexample,startingagroupchatisagreatwaytoshareyourupdates.Sharingphotoswithyourfriendsalsomakesthemfeelthatyouarestillpartofeachother’sdailylife.____18____Showingthoughtfulnessdoesn’tcosttoomuch.Itdoesn’tneedexpensivegoods,lotsofmoneyorhoursofplanning.Somethingplain,likeacardorasmallgift,canmeanalotmoretothemthanyoumaythink.____19____.Remainreliable____20____.Eventhoughyoucan’tbringthemicecreamoracopyoftheirfavoritemovieafterthey’vehadabadday,lettingthemknowtheycantalktoyouatanytimewillcomfortthem.Rememberevenifyou’renotlivingnexttoyourfriendsanymore,itdoesn’tmeanyourfriendshiphastoend.Itjusttakestimeandefforttomaintainalong-distancefriendship.A．ShowthoughtfulnessB．RememberimportantdatesC．LetyourfriendsknowyouarealwaysreliableD．YoucanvisiteachotherinnewhomesatweekendsE．TherearemanywaysforustostayintouchwithfriendsF．Herearesomewaystokeepalong-distancefriendshipstrongG．Showingthoughtfulnessinlittlewayscouldmaketheirentireday16.____17.____18.____19.____20.____二、完形填空UponmovingintotheirnewflatinBristol,fouryoungmenwereimmediately____21____bytheirneighbor’sadorabledog,Stevie.Havinggrownupwithanimals,theywere____22____forfurrycompanionship.However,theirstrictlandlord____23____pets,sotheygatheredtheircouragetowritealettertotheirneighbor,expressingtheirdesiretobefriendswiththedogandofferingtowalkorplaywithitanytime.Aresponsearrivedsoon,writtenfromStevie’s____24____.Sheintroducedherselfasanenergeticdog____25____bySarah,agreeingtobetheirfriendonthe____26____offivedailyballthrowsandbellyscratcheswhenevershedemanded.Theboyswereoverjoyed.TheirfirstmeetingwithSteviewas____27____they’dhopedfor.Shewasenergeticandfriendly,andthewalkwasablast.Subsequently,regularplaydatesbecamearoutine.TheboyslookedforwardtotheirtimewithStevie,andSarahcherishedhowtheinteractionsbrokethe____28____neighborhoodbarriers.Inanerawherepeopleoftenremainstrangerstothosenextdoor,thissmallconnectionfelt____29____.Astimewentby,theirbondgrewstrongerandactsofkindnessbecamethe____30____—theyhelpedSarahcarrygroceries,andshesharedhomemadecookieswiththem.Whatstartedasarequestfordoggydateshad____31____intoagenuinefriendship.Whentheboyshadtomove,theywereheartbrokentosaygoodbyetoStevie.Sarah____32____themherdoorwouldalwaysbeopenforthem.Theirstorylater____33____online,touchingpeoplearoundtheworld.Itservesasagentle____34____thatkindnessandcuriositycanbridgeeventhemostordinarydividesandasimpleactof____35____cantransformstrangersintolifelongfriends.21.A．attackedB．annoyedC．confusedD．captivated22.A．gratefulB．responsibleC．desperateD．suitable23.A．forbadeB．requiredC．fearedD．ignored24.A．memoryB．perspectiveC．imaginationD．intention25.A．adaptedB．raisedC．supportedD．abandoned26.A．qualificationB．affectionC．ambitionD．condition27.A．everythingB．nothingC．anythingD．something28.A．strangeB．unexpectedC．usualD．harmonious29.A．normalB．worthlessC．invaluableD．inevitable30.A．standardB．normC．goalD．priority31.A．evolvedB．dividedC．jumpedD．burst32.A．convincedB．informedC．assuredD．persuaded33.A．paidoffB．wentviralC．hitthespotD．tookatwist34.A．reminderB．celebrationC．indicationD．suggestion35.A．honestyB．patienceC．kindnessD．boldness三、语法填空QianXuesenisagreatscientist,anoutstandingman.He,borninHangzhou,wasadmittedtotheaeronauticsdepartmentoftheMIT(美国麻省理工学院航空系)in1935.After____36____(graduate)withhisPhD(博士学位),hewasemployedas____37____assistantresearcheratUniversity.Qian’smissile(导弹)designslaidthefoundationforthemissiledevelopmentinthe1940sand1950s,____38____(make)himaworld-knownrocketeer(火箭工程师).Whenhe____39____(hear)oftheexcitingnewsofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,Qiandecidedtoreturntohomelandwithouthesitationtocontribute____40____hisownnation.UponreturningtoChina,QianXuesenwas____41____(active)involvedinresearchwork.Underhis____42____(participate)andguidance,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstmissilein1960.In1965,Qianplanned____43____(develop)thefirstartificialsatelliteincludedinthecountry’skeyprojects,____44____wasfinallylaunchedintospacein1970.In1999,QianXuesen____45____(award)the“TwoBombsandOneSatelliteMeritoriousMedal”(两弹一星功勋奖章)bythegovernmentofPRC,andwasconsideredasthe“FatherofChina’sMissiles”forhissignificantcontributionstoChina’sspaceindustry.36.____37.____38.____39.____40.____41.____42.____43.____44.____45.____四、书信写作46.假定你是李华，你的交换生好友Tony准备参加“用英语讲中国故事”演讲比赛，想请你推荐一个彰显中华传统美德的经典历史故事。请给他回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.故事简介；2.推荐理由；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearTony,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、读后续写47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhenLeotransferredtoanewhighschoolinthemiddleoftheterm,herarelyspokeasingleword.Comingfromaquietsmalltownfaraway,hewasextremelyshyandquiet,alwayssittingsilentlyatthebackoftheclassroom.Heneverparticipatedinanygroupactivities,andevenwhentheteacheraskedhimsimplequestions,hewouldlowerhisheadshylyandreplyinalowvoice.Butduringtheartclass,Jake,themostlivelyandplayfulboyintheirclass,secretlyglancedatLeo’spaintingandcouldn’thidethesurpriseonhisface.Oneday,Ms.White,theirartteacher,announcedacity-wideartcompetition,callingonstudentstocreatepaintingsthatcouldrevealtheirinnermostdreamsandtrueemotions.Whileotherstudentschattedhappilyandactivelysharedtheircreativeideas,Leosatallaloneinhisseat,staringblanklyathisblankcanvas(画布),lookinglostanddiscouraged.Ms.Whitewalkedoverandkneltbesidehim,sayinggently,“Everyonehasauniquevoiceinartandyoursisjustwaitingtobeheard.”Leolookedupatherforthefirsttime,hiseyesfullofdoubtbutalsoafaintsparkofhope.Shestayedwithhimpatiently,askingabouthisbeautifulhometownandhishiddenhobbies,andlittlebylittle,Leobegantoopenuphisheart.Withherencouragement,Leofinishedhispaintingandsubmittedittotheteacherafterclass,neverexpectinganyonetonotice.Amonthlater,assoonasclassesended,JakerushedovertoLeowithabrightgrin.“Comeon,let’sgotothenoticeboard.Theresultoftheartcompetitionisdueouttoday!”hesaidexcitedly.Leoshookhisheadandwhispered,“I’mnotgoing.Ithasnothingtodowithmeanyway.”Momentslater,loud,excitedcheerscamefromthehallway.注意：1．续写词数为150左右；2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。Jakedashedbackandannouncedthegoodnews.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________