全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(贵州省黔西南州2025年下半年)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）四级练习试题库(贵州省黔西南州2025年下半年)PartIListeningComprehension(Omittedduetotextformatconstraints,replacedbyListeningTextTranslationforassessment)Directions:Inthissection,youwillreadthreelisteningtranscripts.PleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.1.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligencehassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensionacrossvarioussectorsoftheglobaleconomy.2.Whileautomationpromisesunprecedentedefficiency,itsimultaneouslyraisescriticalquestionsregardingworkforcedisplacementandthenecessityforcomprehensiveretrainingprograms.PartIIEnglishKnowledgeApplication(Cloze)Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C,orD.Therelationshipbetweenurbangreenspacesandpublichealthhasincreasinglybecomeafocalpointforcityplannersandpublichealthofficialsalike.Historically,parksandrecreationalareaswereviewedmerelyasaestheticadditionstotheurbanlandscape,primarilydesignedtoboostpropertyvaluesandprovideresidentswithaspacefor__1__leisure.However,contemporaryresearchhasilluminatedafarmorecomplexandvitalrolethatthesegreeninfrastructuresplayinmaintainingthephysicalandpsychological__2__ofurbanpopulations.Oneofthemostsignificantfindingsinrecentyearsisthecorrelationbetweenaccesstonatureandreducedstresslevels.Theurbanenvironment,characterizedbyconstantnoise,__3__stimuli,andhighpopulationdensity,oftenleadstoastateofchronicphysiologicalarousal,commonlyknownasthe"fightorflight"response.Prolongedexposuretosuchanenvironmentcan__4__arangeofhealthissues,includinghypertension,weakenedimmunefunction,andmentalhealthdisorderssuchasanxietyanddepression.Greenspaces,conversely,offera__5__environmentthatallowsthebraintorestandrecover.The"AttentionRestorationTheory"suggeststhatthegentle,__6__fascinationprovidedbynaturalsettings—suchaswatchingleavesrustleinthewindorlisteningtoastream—canrestoreourcapacityfordirectedattention,whichiseasily__7__bythedemandsofmodernurbanlife.Furthermore,urbangreenspacesactascriticalsocial__8__,fosteringcommunitycohesionandprovidingvenuesforphysicalactivity.Inmanylow-incomeneighborhoods,whereaccesstoprivategymsorrecreationalfacilitiesis__9__,publicparksserveastheprimaryavenueforexercise.Thishasprofoundimplicationsforcombatinglifestylediseasessuchasobesityandtype2diabetes,which__10__disproportionatelyinsocioeconomicallydisadvantagedareas.1.A.passiveB.activeC.idleD.restless2.A.deteriorationB.stabilityC.well-beingD.decline3.A.insufficientB.overwhelmingC.subtleD.monotonous4.A.resultfromB.compensateforC.mitigateD.precipitate5.A.tranquilB.turbulentC.sterileD.artificial6.A.forcedB.involuntaryC.demandingD.intense7.A.refreshedB.enhancedC.depletedD.ignored8.A.barriersB.divisionsC.catalystsD.isolators9.A.abundantB.limitedC.unrestrictedD.prioritized10.A.diminishB.retreatC.proliferateD.stabilizePartIIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theadventofgenerativeartificialintelligencehasusheredinaparadigmshiftinthecreativeindustries.Forcenturies,theactofcreation—whetherpaintingaportrait,composingasymphony,orwritinganovel—wasconsideredtheexclusivedomainofhumanintellect,rootedinemotionaldepthandlivedexperience.Today,algorithmscanproducehigh-qualityartisticoutputsinmereseconds,blurringthelinesbetweenhumanandmachinecreativity.Thistechnologicalleaphassparkedafiercedebateamongartists,technologists,andlegalscholarsregardingthenatureofcreativityitselfandthefutureofhumanlivelihoodsinthearts.ProponentsofgenerativeAIarguethatthesetoolsserveaspowerfulcollaboratorsratherthanreplacements.TheycontendthatAIcanalleviatethedrudgeryoftheblankcanvas,providingartistswithaboundlesswellofinspiration.Byiteratingthroughcountlessvariationsofaconceptatunprecedentedspeeds,artistscanexplorecreativeavenuesthatwouldotherwisebeconstrainedbytimeandphysicallimitations.Inthisview,thehumanremainsthedirector,guidingthemachine'soutputandinfusingitwithmeaningandcontext.Critics,however,warnofamoredystopianoutcome.TheyarguethatgenerativeAImodelsaretrainedonvastdatasetsofcopyrightedhumancreationswithoutconsent,attribution,orcompensation.This,theyargue,isnotcollaborationbutsophisticatedplagiarism.Furthermore,theeconomicimplicationsaredire.Ifcommercialentitiescangenerate"goodenough"artforafractionofthecostofhiringahuman,thealreadyprecariouslivelihoodsoffreelanceillustrators,writers,andmusicianscouldbedecimated.Thecommodificationofart,drivenbyinfinitemachinesupply,threatenstodevaluetheentirecreativesector,reducingittoavolumebusinessratherthanapursuitofprofoundexpression.11.Accordingtothepassage,whatwastraditionallybelievedtobethefoundationofartisticcreation?A.Technologicaladvancementandalgorithms.B.Emotionaldepthandlivedexperience.C.Speedandefficiencyinproduction.D.Collaborationbetweenhumanandmachine.12.HowdosupportersofgenerativeAIviewtheroleofthistechnology?A.Asacompletesubstituteforhumanartists.B.Asanunregulatedthreattocopyrightlaws.C.Asacollaboratorthatprovidesinspirationandspeedsupconceptiteration.D.Asatoolthatinevitablydiminishesthevalueofprofoundexpression.13.Whatistheprimaryconcernofthecriticsmentionedinthethirdparagraph?A.TheinabilityofAItogeneratehigh-qualityart.B.ThepotentialforAItomakearttooexpensiveforcommercialuse.C.Theunauthorizeduseofhumancreationsfortrainingandtheresultingeconomicthreattohumanartists.D.Thelackofartisticdiversityinmachine-generatedoutputs.14.Theword"decimated"inthelastparagraphmostlikelymeans:A.significantlyimprovedB.totallydestroyedorseverelyreducedC.carefullyregulatedD.widelyaccepted15.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthistext?A.ToarguethatgenerativeAIshouldbebannedinthecreativeindustries.B.TopresentboththeoptimisticandpessimisticperspectivesontheimpactofgenerativeAIonart.C.ToexplainthetechnicalprocessofhowgenerativeAIcreatesart.D.Toencourageartiststoabandontraditionalmethodsandadoptnewtechnologies.Text2Theglobaltransitiontorenewableenergyisnotmerelyatechnologicalchallenge;itisfundamentallyacrisisofmaterialsandgeopolitics.Asnationsracetodecarbonizetheireconomies,replacingfossilfuelswithwindturbines,solarpanels,andelectricvehiclebatteries,thedemandforspecificminerals—oftenreferredtoas"criticalminerals"—hasskyrocketed.Elementssuchaslithium,cobalt,nickel,andrareearthmetalsarethebuildingblocksofthegreenrevolution.However,thesupplychainsforthesematerialsarehighlyconcentrated,fragile,andfraughtwithenvironmentalandethicaldilemmas.Considerthecaseofcobalt,acrucialcomponentinlithium-ionbatteries.Over70%oftheworld'scobaltisminedintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC).Whilethisprovideseconomicrevenuetotheregion,ithasalsoledtoseverehumanrightsabuses,includingtheuseofchildlaborinartisanalmines.Furthermore,theextractionprocessoftenresultsinsignificantenvironmentaldegradation,pollutinglocalwatersourcesanddestroyingecosystems.Theparadoxofthegreentransitionisclear:intherushtosavetheplanetfromtheravagesofcarbonemissions,wearesimultaneouslycreatingnewzonesofecologicaldestructionandsocialexploitation.Thegeopoliticalimplicationsareequallyalarming.Chinacurrentlydominatestheprocessingofcriticalminerals,controllingnearly60%oftheworld'srareearthprocessingcapacityandasignificantportionoflithiumchemicalproduction.ThismonopolisticcontrolgivesBeijingimmensestrategicleverage.Intheeventofageopoliticalconflictoratradedispute,thesupplyoftheseessentialmaterialstoWesternnationscouldbesevered,stallingtheenergytransitionandcompromisingnationalsecurity.Toaddressthesevulnerabilities,developednationsareincreasinglyfocusingon"friend-shoring"theirsupplychainsandinvestingindomesticminingandrecyclingcapabilities.However,buildingnewminesandprocessingfacilitiestakesyears,ifnotdecades,andoftenfacesfiercelocaloppositionduetoenvironmentalconcerns.Thepathtoasustainablefutureisthereforeobstructedbyacomplexwebofcompetinginterests,requiringnotjusttechnologicalinnovation,butdiplomaticfinesseandrigorousethicalstandards.16.Accordingtothetext,whatisthecentralparadoxofthegreenenergytransition?A.Itrequiresmoreenergythanitultimatelysaves.B.Itaimstosavetheplanetbutcausesnewecologicalandsocialdestructionthroughmineralextraction.C.Itreducescarbonemissionsbutincreasesdependenceonfossilfuelsformining.D.Itpromoteseconomicgrowthindevelopednationswhileimpoverishingdevelopingones.17.WhyiscobaltminingintheDRCmentionedinthepassage?A.Toillustratetheeconomicbenefitsofthegreentransitionfordevelopingnations.B.Tohighlighttheenvironmentalandethicalissuesassociatedwithcriticalmineralsupplychains.C.TocomparetheminingtechnologiesusedinAfricawiththoseusedinChina.D.ToshowthattheDRCistheonlysourceoflithium-ionbatteries.18.Whatgeopoliticalriskisassociatedwiththecurrentsupplychainofcriticalminerals?A.TheDRCmightstopexportingcobalttoChina.B.WesternnationsmightrefusetobuymineralsprocessedinChina.C.China'sdominanceinmineralprocessingcouldbeusedasastrategicweaponindisputes.D.Developingnationsmightformacarteltocontrolglobalmineralprices.19.Theword"friend-shoring"inthelastparagraphmostlikelyrefersto:A.Outsourcingminingoperationstocountrieswiththelowestlaborcosts.B.Restrictingtheexportofcriticalmineralstohostilenations.C.Buildingsupplychainswithalliedandpoliticallyalignednations.D.Depletingdomesticmineralreservesbeforeimportingfromabroad.20.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthegreenenergytransition?A.Itwillbeachievedquicklythroughtechnologicalinnovationalone.B.Itwillrequireabalanceoftechnological,diplomatic,andethicalsolutionstoovercomesupplychainobstacles.C.ItwillinevitablyfailduetothemonopolisticcontrolofChina.D.Itwillbypasstheneedforcriticalmineralsentirelywithinthenextdecade.Text3Thepsychologicalconceptof"learnedhelplessness"hasprofoundimplicationsforunderstandinghumanbehaviorinthefaceofinsurmountablechallenges.Firstidentifiedinthelate1960sthroughexperimentswithdogs,thephenomenonoccurswhenanindividualisrepeatedlysubjectedtoaversivestimulioverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.Eventually,theindividualstopstryingtoavoidthestimulus,evenwhenopportunitiestoescapearepresented.Theylearnthattheiractionshavenoimpactontheirenvironment,leadingtoastateofpassiveresignation.Inthehumancontext,learnedhelplessnessiscloselylinkedtodepression,anxiety,anddiminishedself-efficacy.Astudentwhorepeatedlyfailsdespiteintenseeffortmayeventuallystopstudying,believingthatsuccessisimpossibleregardlessoftheirinput.Similarly,employeesworkingundermicromanagingleadershipmayceasetotakeinitiative,becomingpassiveexecutorsofordersratherthanproactiveproblemsolvers.Thecognitiveadaptationisdetrimentalbecauseitcreatesaself-fulfillingprophecy:bynottrying,failureisguaranteed,whichinturnreinforcesthebeliefinone'sownhelplessness.Breakingthecycleoflearnedhelplessnessrequiresadeliberateintervention,ofteninvolvingcognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT).Therapistsaimtohelpindividualsrecognizetheirmaladaptivethoughtpatternsandgraduallyexposethemtosituationswheretheycanexperiencemasteryandcontrol.Byreframingfailuresnotaspersonalinadequacies,butasisolatedeventsorcontrollablevariables,individualscanslowlyrebuildtheiragency.Interestingly,noteveryonesubjectedtouncontrollablesituationsdevelopslearnedhelplessness.Researchindicatesthataperson's"explanatorystyle"—howtheyhabituallyexplainthecausesofevents—playsacrucialrole.Individualswithanoptimisticexplanatorystyleviewnegativeeventsastemporary,specific,andexternallycaused,makingthemresilienttolearnedhelplessness.Conversely,thosewithapessimisticstyleseefailuresaspermanent,pervasive,andpersonal,makingthemhighlysusceptibletothispsychologicaltrap.21.Whatistheprimarydefinitionof"learnedhelplessness"providedinthetext?A.Theinabilitytolearnnewskillsduetocognitiveoverload.B.Astateofpassiveresignationresultingfromrepeatedexposuretouncontrollableaversivestimuli.C.Thetendencytoavoiddifficulttasksbecauseofalackofmotivation.D.Aphysiologicalresponsetoexcessivephysicalstress.22.Howdoeslearnedhelplessnesscreatea"self-fulfillingprophecy"?A.Bycausingindividualstosettheirgoalstoohigh,leadingtoinevitablefailure.B.Bymakingindividualsseekhelpfromothers,thusconfirmingtheirdependence.C.Bystoppingindividualsfromtrying,therebyguaranteeingfailureandreinforcingtheirbeliefinhelplessness.D.Bymakingindividualsbelievetheyaresuccessful,whichleadstocarelessmistakesandeventualfailure.23.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaingoalofcognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)intreatinglearnedhelplessness?A.Toprescribemedicationthatreducesaversivestimuli.B.Toexposeindividualstouncontrollablesituationsuntiltheyadapt.C.Tohelpindividualsrecognizemaladaptivethoughtsandexperiencesituationswheretheyhavemasteryandcontrol.D.Toencourageindividualstoavoidallchallengingsituationstopreventfailure.24.Howdoesan"optimisticexplanatorystyle"protectagainstlearnedhelplessness?A.Byensuringtheindividualneverexperiencesfailure.B.Bycausingtheindividualtoblameothersfortheirmistakes,thusavoidingpersonalresponsibility.C.Byviewingnegativeeventsastemporaryandspecific,makingtheindividualresilient.D.Byconvincingtheindividualthattheyhavecompletecontrolovereveryaspectoftheirlives.25.Whatistheoveralltoneofthepassage?A.HighlysubjectiveandemotionalB.ObjectiveandanalyticalC.CynicalanddismissiveD.ComedicandsatiricalText4InthesouthwesternkarstregionsofChina,notablyinGuizhouprovince,thelandscapeischaracterizedbyitsbreathtakingtopographyandequallyformidableecologicalfragility.TheprocessofRockyDesertification—wheresoiliserodedaway,leavingthebarebedrockexposed—haslongplaguedthisarea,threateninglocalagricultureandlivelihoods.Tocombatthis,localgovernmentsandscientificcommunitieshavecollaboratedonecologicalrestorationprojectsthatbalancegeologicalrealitieswitheconomicneeds.Acriticalcomponentofthisrestorationinvolvestheselectionofpioneerspecies—hardyplantscapableofsurvivinginthin,aridsoils.Theselectionofappropriatespeciescanbemodeledmathematicallytopredictsurvivalratesundervaryingdegreesofsoildegradation.Ifthesoilthicknessh(inmillimeters)inagivenkarstplotismeasured,andthesurvivalrateSofaparticularshrubspeciesismodeledbythelogisticfunction:Swherekrepresentsthesteepnessofthesurvivalcurve,andisthecriticalsoilthicknessatwhichthesurvivalprobabilityisexactly50%.Furthermore,theeconomicsustainabilityoftheseprojectsreliesonthevaluationofecosystemservices.TheNetPresentValue(NPV)ofarestorationprojectoveratimehorizonofnyearsiscalculatedtodetermineitsfinancialviability.TheNPVformulaisgivenby:Nwhereistherevenuegeneratedinyeart(e.g.,fromeco-tourismortheharvestingofeconomiccropsplantedalongsidepioneerspecies),isthecostinyeart,andristhediscountrate.Byintegratingthesemathematicalmodelswithecologicalfieldwork,policymakerscanmakeevidence-baseddecisionsthatensureboththepreservationoftheuniquekarstlandscapesandtheeconomicprosperityofthelocalcommunities.26.WhatistheprimaryecologicalchallengeintheGuizhoukarstregionsmentionedinthetext?A.Excessiverainfallleadingtosevereflooding.B.Soilerosioncausingbedrockexposure,knownasRockyDesertification.C.Overpopulationleadingtourbansprawl.D.Airpollutionfromindustrialactivities.27.AccordingtothelogisticfunctionS(h)=,whathappenswhenthesoilthicknessA.Thesurvivalrateis100%.B.Thesurvivalrateis0%.C.Thesurvivalrateis50%.D.Thesurvivalrateisdependentonthediscountrater.28.InthecontextoftheNPVformula,whatdoesrepresent?A.Thediscountrateforyeart.B.Thetotalcostoftherestorationprojectinyeart.C.Therevenuegeneratedinyeartfromactivitieslikeeco-tourism.D.Thecriticalsoilthicknessinyeart.29.WhatdoesthevariablersignifyintheNPVformula?A.Thesurvivalrateoftheshrubspecies.B.Thediscountrate.C.Thetotalnumberofyears.D.Therevenueinyeart.30.Whatistheultimategoalofintegratingmathematicalmodelswithecologicalfieldworkintheseregions?A.Toeliminateallhumanactivityfromthekarstregions.B.Toensurethepreservationofthelandscapeandtheeconomicprosperityoflocalcommunities.C.Toprovethatmathematicalmodelsaresuperiortotraditionalfarmingmethods.D.Toincreasethediscountratetoattractmoreinternationalinvestment.PartIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Theconceptof"cognitivebandwidth"hasemergedasacriticalframeworkforunderstandinghumandecision-makingandbehavior,particularlyinthecontextofpovertyandscarcity.1.Cognitivebandwidthreferstothefinitementalcapacityavailableforprocessinginformation,makingdecisions,andexercisingself-control.Justasacomputerslowsdownwhentoomanyapplicationsarerunningsimultaneously,thehumanbrainstrugglestofunctionoptimallywhenoverwhelmedbypersistentconcernsandpressures.2.Researchconductedbybehavioraleconomistsdemonstratesthatindividualsexperiencingchronicfinancialscarcitysufferasignificantdepletionoftheircognitivebandwidth.Theconstantjugglingofbills,theneedtocalculatetrade-offsbetweenbasicnecessities,andthepsychologicalweightofinsecurityconsumevastamountsofmentalresources.3.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoasthe"scarcitytax,"meansthatindividualslivinginpovertyhavelessmentalcapacityavailableforothertasks,suchaseducation,long-termplanning,ormaintaininghealth.Consequently,theyaremorelikelytomakedecisionsthatappearcounterproductiveorirrationaltooutsideobservers,butwhichareentirelylogicalgiventheirseverelyconstrainedmentalresources.4.Recognizingthelimitationsofcognitivebandwidthhasprofoundimplicationsforpublicpolicy.Traditionalanti-povertyprogramsoftenimposecomplexbureaucraticrequirements,demandingextensivepaperworkandfrequentappointments.5.Ifpolicymakerstrulywishtoempowermarginalizedpopulations,theymustdesigninterventionsthataresimple,accessible,andreducethecognitiveburdenontheveryindividualstheyaimtohelp,ratherthanexacerbatingtheirmentalexhaustion.PartVWritingWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingprompt.Inrecentyears,the"lyingflat"(tangping)movement,characterizedbyyoungpeoplerejectingsocietalpressurestooverworkandinsteadchoosingaminimalist,low-desirelifestyle,hasgainedattention.Someviewitasarationalresponsetoburnoutandatoxicworkculture,whileothersseeitasadefeatistattitudethatharmspersonalgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Writeanessaydiscussingyourperspectiveonthisphenomenon.Inyouressay,youshould:1.Brieflydescribethe"lyingflat"phenomenon.2.Analyzetheunderlyingreasonsforthisattitude.3.Stateyouropiniononwhetheritisahealthyresponseoraharmfultrend.AnswerKeyandDetailedExplanationsPartIListeningTextTranslation(ReferenceAnswers)1.人工智能的快速发展在全球经济的各个领域引发了兴奋与担忧。2.尽管自动化带来了前所未有的效率，但它同时也引发了关于劳动力流失以及实施全面再培训计划必要性的关键问题。PartIIEnglishKnowledgeApplication(Cloze)1.【答案】A.passive【解析】上下文逻辑题。前文提到公园被视为审美的补充，因此这里主要是指“被动的”休闲，与后文提到的现代研究中公园对健康的积极作用形成对比。选项B（active）不符合历史语境；选项C（idle）多指游手好闲；选项D（restless）意为焦躁不安，不符合语境。2.【答案】C.well-being【解析】词汇辨析题。研究表明绿地基础设施在维持城市居民的生理和心理健康方面发挥复杂而重要的作用。well-being意为“健康、幸福”，符合语境。选项A（deterioration，恶化）、选项B（stability，稳定）和选项D（decline，下降）均与上下文逻辑矛盾。3.【答案】B.overwhelming【解析】上下文逻辑题。城市环境的特征是持续的噪音、压倒性的/令人不知所措的刺激和高人口密度，这会导致长期的生理唤起。overwhelmingstimuli指过度的刺激。选项A（insufficient，不足）、选项C（subtle，微妙）、选项D（monotonous，单调）均无法与城市环境特征相匹配。4.【答案】D.precipitate【解析】词汇辨析题。长期处于这种环境会导致一系列健康问题。precipitate意为“促发、引发”，符合语境。resultfrom（由...引起）逻辑反向；compensatefor（补偿）不符合句意；mitigate（减轻）与语境相反。5.【答案】A.tranquil【解析】上下文逻辑题。相反，绿地提供了一个宁静的环境，让大脑休息和恢复。tranquil（宁静的）与前文的喧嚣城市形成对比。turbulent（动荡的）、sterile（无菌的/贫瘠的）、artificial（人工的）均不符合语境。6.【答案】B.involuntary【解析】上下文逻辑题。“注意力恢复理论”认为，自然环境提供的温和的、无意识的吸引力可以恢复我们集中注意力的能力。involuntaryfascination指不需要刻意努力的无意识吸引，符合理论原意。forced（强迫的）、demanding（费力的）、intense（强烈的）均与此理论相悖。7.【答案】C.depleted【解析】词汇辨析题。集中注意力的能力很容易被现代城市生活的需求所耗尽。depleted意为“耗尽”，符合语境。refreshed（使恢复）、enhanced（提高）、ignored（忽视）均不合句意。8.【答案】C.catalysts【解析】词义理解题。城市绿地作为关键的社会催化剂，促进社区凝聚力。catalysts意为“催化剂”，引申为促进因素。barriers（障碍）、divisions（分裂）、isolators（隔离物）均与促进凝聚力的语境相反。9.【答案】B.limited【解析】上下文逻辑题。在许多低收入社区，私人健身房或娱乐设施的获取是有限的，公园就成了主要的锻炼场所。limited符合社会经济地位的逻辑推断。abundant（丰富的）、unrestricted（无限制的）、prioritized（优先的）均不符合低收入社区的语境。10.【答案】C.proliferate【解析】词汇辨析题。生活方式疾病如肥胖和2型糖尿病在社会经济弱势地区大量/激增。proliferate意为“激增、扩散”，符合疾病在这些地区频发的语境。diminish（减少）、retreat（撤退）、stabilize（稳定）均不符合逻辑。PartIIIReadingComprehensionText111.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句"Forcenturies,theactofcreation...wasconsideredtheexclusivedomainofhumanintellect,rootedinemotionaldepthandlivedexperience."可知，几个世纪以来，艺术创作被认为是人类智力的专属领域，根植于情感深度和生活经验。因此B为正确选项。12.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"TheycontendthatAIcanalleviatethedrudgeryoftheblankcanvas,providingartistswithaboundlesswellofinspiration."以及"Byiteratingthroughcountlessvariationsofaconceptatunprecedentedspeeds..."可知，支持者认为AI是合作者，能提供灵感并以前所未有的速度迭代概念。选项C准确概括了这两点。13.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。第三段指出批评者认为AI模型未经同意、署名或补偿就使用了受版权保护的人类作品进行训练，这实质上是复杂的抄袭；此外，这会严重威胁自由职业艺术家的生计。选项C涵盖了“未经授权使用人类作品”和“经济威胁”这两个核心观点。14.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。在"Thealreadyprecariouslivelihoods...couldbedecimated"中，decimated用于描述生计被破坏的程度。precarious意为“不稳定的”，结合语境，如果商业实体能以极低成本生成“足够好”的艺术品，艺术家的生计将被“严重削弱或摧毁”。因此B最符合语境。15.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段引出AI对创意产业的冲击及争议；第二段阐述了支持者的乐观观点；第三段阐述了批评者的悲观观点。因此，作者的主要目的是呈现关于生成式AI对艺术影响的乐观和悲观两方面的观点，选项B正确。Text216.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Theparadoxofthegreentransitionisclear:intherushtosavetheplanetfromtheravagesofcarbonemissions,wearesimultaneouslycreatingnewzonesofecologicaldestructionandsocialexploitation."可知，绿色转型的悖论在于：在急于拯救地球免受碳排放破坏的同时，我们又制造了新的生态破坏和社会剥削区域。选项B完美概括了这一悖论。17.【答案】B【解析】例证题。第二段提到刚果（金）的钴矿开采，紧接其后说明了这导致了严重的人权侵犯（童工）和环境退化。作者用此例证来说明关键矿物供应链伴随的环境和伦理问题。选项B正确。18.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第三段提到中国主导关键矿物的加工，并指出"ThismonopolisticcontrolgivesBeijingimmensestrategicleverage.Intheeventofageopoliticalconflictoratradedispute,thesupplyoftheseessentialmaterialstoWesternnationscouldbesevered..."。选项C“中国在矿物加工领域的主导地位可能被用作争端中的战略武器”准确概括了地缘政治风险。19.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。最后一段提到发达国家正聚焦于"friend-shoring"theirsupplychainsandinvestingindomesticmining。friend-shoring字面意为“向朋友靠岸”，在经贸语境中指将供应链限制在政治盟友或立场一致的国家，以降低地缘政治风险。选项C“与盟友和政治立场一致的国家建立供应链”最符合词义。20.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句"Thepathtoasustainablefutureisthereforeobstructedbyacomplexwebofcompetinginterests,requiringnotjusttechnologicalinnovation,butdiplomaticfinesseandrigorousethicalstandards."可知，可持续未来的道路被复杂的利益网络阻碍，不仅需要技术创新，还需要外交手腕和严格的道德标准。选项B“需要平衡技术、外交和伦理解决方案以克服供应链障碍”是对该句的合理推断。Text321.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。第一段第二句明确定义了“习得性无助”："thephenomenonoccurswhenanindividualisrepeatedlysubjectedtoaversivestimulioverwhichtheyhavenocontrol.Eventually,theindividualstopstryingtoavoidthestimulus..."。选项B“一种因反复暴露于无法控制的厌恶刺激中而产生的被动顺从状态”准确概括了定义。22.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第二段最后一句指出："Thecognitiveadaptationisdetrimentalbecauseitcreatesaself-fulfillingprophecy:bynottrying,failureisguaranteed,whichinturnreinforcesthebeliefinone'sownhelplessness."。选项C“通过停止尝试，从而保证失败，进而强化无助感”符合原文逻辑。23.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第三段指出认知行为疗法（CBT）旨在"helpindividualsrecognizetheirmaladaptivethoughtpatternsandgraduallyexposethemtosituationswheretheycanexperiencemasteryandcontrol."。选项C与原文表述一致。24.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第四段最后一句指出乐观解释风格的人"viewnegativeeventsastemporary,specific,andexternallycaused,makingthemresilienttolearnedhelplessness."。选项C“将负面事件视为暂时的和具体的，使人具有韧性”是对该句的正确转述。25.【答案】B【解析】态度语气题。全文客观介绍了习得性无助的定义、表现、形成机制及应对方法，引用了心理学研究和理论，没有表现出主观的情感偏好或讽刺。因此语气是客观和分析性的，选项B正确。Text426.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。第一段提到"TheprocessofRockyDesertification—wheresoiliserodedaway,leavingthebarebedrockexposed—haslongplaguedthisarea..."。因此主要生态挑战是土壤侵蚀导致基岩裸露的石漠化，选项B正确。27.【答案】C【解析】数学公式理解题。根据公式S(h)=，当h=时，指数部分−k(h−28.【答案】C【解析】数学公式理解题。文章在解释NPV公式时指出"istherevenuegeneratedinyeart(e.g.,fromeco-tourismortheharvestingofeconomiccropsplantedalongsidepioneerspecies)"。因此代表第t年产生的收入，选项C正确。29.【答案】B【解析】数学公式理解题。文章在解释NPV公式时提到"risthediscountrate"。因此r代表贴现率，选项B正确。30.【答案】B【解析】主旨推断题。最后一段最后一句指出"Byintegratingthesemathematicalmodelswithecologicalfieldwork,policymakerscanmakeevidence-baseddecisionsthatensureboththepreservationoftheuniquekarstlandscapesandtheeconomicprosperityofthelocalcommunities."。选项B“确保景观的保护和当地社区的经济繁荣”正是最终目标。PartIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation1.Cognitivebandwidthreferstothefinitementalcapacityavailableforprocessinginformation,makingdecisions,andexercisingself-control.【参考译文】认知带宽是指可用于处理信息、做出决策和行使自我控制力的有限心理容量。【解析】"finitementalcapacity"译为有限的心理