北京市第一○一中学2025-2026学年度第二学期期末考试高一英语（含答案）

高一英语试卷一、完形填空Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy____1____:AmIgoodenough?Itwasaquestionthat____2____methroughmyfirstmonth,evenasIsettledin,evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto____3____mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway?Howdidtheylearninschool?AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity,obviously.____4____wasn’tIaswell?Hadn’tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem?ThetruthisthatIdidn’tknow.This____5____waslikeadeadlycellthatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain,unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.Fortunately,myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe____6____,andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears,Ibegantobuildthesamekindof____7____I’dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement,mydoubtslowly____8____.Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme,whoseachievementsseemedeffortless,butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying,Icouldoften____9____thegap.Iwasn’tastraight-Astudent,butIwasalways____10____andImadeprogress.1.A．excitementB．satisfactionC．angerD．worry2.A．freedB．guidedC．warmedD．dogged3.A．observeB．admireC．supportD．calm4.A．OrB．SoC．ButD．For5.A．guessB．doubtC．interestD．risk6.A．excellentB．averageC．differentD．unique7.A．responsibilityB．friendshipC．confidenceD．teamwork8.A．poppedoutB．fadedawayC．hungonD．builtup9.A．closeB．noticeC．locateD．create10.A．expectingB．tryingC．wonderingD．suffering二、语法填空阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。BradAronson’slifechangedinstantlywhenhiswife,Mia,wasdiagnosedwithcancer.Fortwoandahalfyears,amidthestressanddespairofwaitingforthe____11____(treat)towork,theyreceivedanoutpouringofkindnessfromfriends,family,andevencompletestrangers.Inspiredbythis“humankindness”,Bradbeganwritingaboutthose____12____rescuedhisfamily,buthedidn’tstopthere.Knowingthatsmallactsofkindnesstransformlivesacrosstheglobe,he____13____(seek)outthesestoriesandsharedsomeofthebestinhisbookHumankind,whichbecameabest-selleronce____14____(publish).阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everwonderwhysomehabitsarenearlyimpossibletochange?Infact,yourbraindoesn’tdistinguishbetweengoodhabitsandbadhabits.Theprocessisthesamewhetheryouhabituallydrinkwateralldayorreachforacigarettewhenfeelingstressed.Thisexplains____15____habitsinvolvingdopamine-richrewardslikeeatingsweetscanbesohardtobreak.Thereinforcementfromdopamine—thepleasurechemical—iswhywillpoweraloneisn’tenough.Onekeyinsightfromhabitresearchisthathabits____16____(replace)insteadofbeingremoved.Youneedtoexchangeit____17____abetteralternativethatstillgivesyourbrainareward.阅读下列短文。根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Againstthebackgroundofsevereclimateissues,Chinahasactivelypushedforwardthegreentransitionandsecuredremarkableachievements.Sofar,China____18____(develop)theglobe’slargestnewenergyindustrialchain.Itsupplies80percentoftheworld’ssolarpanelsand70percentofglobalwindpowerequipment.Beyonditsborders,Chinaalsohelpsotherdeveloping____19____(country)copewithclimaterisksthroughSouth-Southcooperation,____20____(contribute)toamorestableandinclusiveglobalenergysystem.ForChina,thegreentransitionisneverazero-sumgame,butratheranewfrontierforglobalcooperation.三、阅读理解ASevenchildrenlineup,awaitingtheirturnonaslide.Aseachchildrushesdown,theonesbehindlaughandcheer.SuchsceneisrareinLagos,oneofAfrica’sfastest-growingcities,withapopulationofabout17million.Butonthecity’soutskirts,agarbage-site-turned-parkisofferingroomforkidstoplay.Theprojectisthebrainchildof17-year-oldAmaraNwuneli,whowantstoprovethateveninLagos’mostcrowdedcorners,childrencanhavefun.ForAmara,thepathtobuildingparksbeganwhenaterriblefloodstruckherhometownin2020.Heavyrainsswallowedentireneighborhoods,leavingthousandsoffamilieshomeless.“Peoplejustsaiditwasgovernmentfailureorbadluck.”Amararecalls.But,later,sherealizeditwaswhatwascalledNigeria’s“climateapathy”:thetendencytoviewfloods,heatwaves,anddroughtsasisolatedincidentsratherthanconsequencesofawarmingplanet.“Iwantedtochangethemindset,”Amarasays.“Ifpeopledon’tfeelconnectedtonature,theywon’tfighttoprotectit.AndIknewthathadtostartwithcreatingspacespeoplecouldactuallyseeandfeel.”Itwasnoeasytask.AmarafirstcontactedtheLagosStateGovernment,whichofferedlandbutimposedrestrictionsthatmadelong-termconstructionimpossible.Aftermonthsofdeadends,sheshiftedstrategyandstartedlookingforalternativespacesthatwereaccessibletohigh-riskcommunities.Eventually,Amarasecuredagarbagesite.Shethenmobilizedateamofartists,volunteers,andsmalldonorstoclearthetrashandrebuildthesitewithrecycledmaterials.Threemonthslater,theparkopened.Amaraisnowplanningtwomoreparks.Shesayscommunitiesfromacrossthecountryhavebeenreachingouttoherteamforadviceonhowtoreclaimabandonedspacesforpublicuse.“Thatcreatesakindofcycle,”Amarareflects.“Itakeaction,othersnotice,theywanttotakeaction,too.Andtogether,itgrows.”21.WhatmightbeaproblemLagosisfacing?A．Insufficientpublicareas.B．Poorgarbagemanagement.C．Limitedrecreationalactivities.D．Uncontrolledpopulationgrowth.22.WhatqualitydoesAmarademonstratewhencompletingtheproject?A．Integrity. B．Optimism. C．Flexibility. D．Confidence.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Itisnevertoolatetoact.B．Everycloudhasasilverlining.C．Joysharedisjoydoubled.D．Smallstepsmakeabigdifference.BInrecentresearch,mycolleaguesandIsetouttoinvestigatetheneuralmechanismsunderlyingexperienceslikesolvingchallengingproblems.Specifically,wewantedtounderstandwhathappensinthebrainwhileapersonengagesinabstractanddemandingthought—sowedesignedastudyinvolvingmathexpertise.Forourstudy,weselected22universitystudentsmajoringinmathematics,alongwith22studentsfromotherdisciplines.Weaskedthestudentstowatchstep-by-steppresentationsthatexplainedhowtosolveseveralchallengingmathproblems.Throughoutthisdemonstration,thestudentsworeacapcoveredwithelectrodes(电极)sothatwecouldtrackelectricalactivityintheirbrains.Aftereachpresentation,theyhadtoreportwhethertheythoughttheyhadunderstoodthepresentationsandhowengagedtheyfeltduringtheexperience.Wefoundthatstudentswhosecourseworkinvolvedlittlemathematicsshowedmoresignsofcomplexactivityintheprefrontalcortex(皮层),indicatinghowhardtheywereworkingtounderstandthevariousstepsofthecomplexmathdemonstrations.However,intheothergroup,wenotedsignificantactivitylinkingthefrontalandparietal(顶叶)regionsoftheirbrain.Morespecifically,theseareasexhibitedapatternofactivitydescribedasdeltawaves.Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatthesedeltawavesmayplayacrucialroleinthecognitiveprocessingthatsupportsdeepinternalconcentrationandtherelocationofinformationbetweendistantbrainregions.Infact,wesuspectthatthelong-distancedeltawavesweobservedmayplayacentralrolewheneverpeopleengageincontextualandcomplexproblem-solving.Thissuggeststhatengagingbrainnetworksinthiswaycouldbeusefulformanytasksrequiringconcentration.It’slikelythatwhenpeoplewithextensiveexperienceinataskaredeeplyengagedinthateffort,thesesamedeltawavesareinvolved,evenasthespecificbrainnetworksvary.It’salsopossible—thoughwe’llneedtoinvestigatefurthertobesure—thatthisstateofdeepconcentrationisgeneralizable:developingthiswayofthinkinginonedomaincouldhelpyouinothers.Thesefindingssuggestatrade-offthatpeopleshouldkeepinmind—particularlyasartificialintelligenceandothertoolsoffershortcutsforvariousformsofproblemsolving.EachtimeweoffloadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAItosummarizeanessay,weloseanopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpracticedeepconcentration.Tobeclear,technologiescanboostourefficiencyinimportantways,buttheseemingly“inefficient”hardworkwedocanbepowerful,too.24.Basedonthestudyresults,howdoMathmajorsprocesschallengingmathproblemsdifferentlyfromnon-Mathmajors?A．Theyexperiencelessengagementduringproblem-solvingtasks.B．Theyusemoreareasoftheirprefrontalcortextosolveproblems.C．Theydisplaydeltawaveactivitylinkingfrontalandparietalregions.D．Theyshowsloweroverallbrainactivityduringcomplexproblem-solving.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sviewontheroleof“inefficient”work?A．Ithelpsthosewhoaregoodatsubjectslikemath.B．Itimprovesengagementbuthasnocognitivebenefits.C．Itwastestimeandresourcescomparedtousingtechnology.D．Itallowsthebraintobuildskillsthataretransferabletoothertasks.26.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhichtoChoose:EfficiencyorHardWork?B．WhatBenefitsUsMore:AIToolsorDeepConcentration?C．EmployingComplexMathProblemstoEnhanceDeltaWavesD．DevelopingExpertiseImprovestheBrain’sAbilitytoConcentrateCAfewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfishes.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconveyinformationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模拟的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframeofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicists’traditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A．Original. B．Accurate. C．Distant. D．False.28.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A．Theneedforacompletetheory.B．Thelastingconflictinphysics.C．Theconventionalinsightofreality.D．Theexistenceofthematerialworld.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.B．Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.C．People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.D．Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.30.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A．variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomedB．physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryC．multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldD．thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleoneDHowMusicHelpsEasePaininHospitalsNurseRodSalaysayusesvariousinstrumentsinhiswork—notonlymedicaltoolsbutalsohisguitarandukulele.Intherecoveryunit,hehelpspatientsmanagepainaftersurgery.Alongwithmedicine,heplaysmusicorsingsattheirrequest.____31____Hisperformancesoftenleadtopatientssmilingornoddingalong.Sometimes,theirheartratesandbloodpressureevenimprove,andsomeneedlesspainmedication.Music’spain-relievingeffect—calledmusic-inducedanalgesia—isnowbeingstudiedscientifically.Nooneclaimsmusiccantakeawayseverepainentirely,though.____32____“There’softenacycleofworry,pain,andanxietyinahospital,”Salaysaysaid.“Butmusiccanhelpbreakthatcycle.”____33____Overrecentdecades,liveandprerecordedmusichaveenteredmorehospitalsasresearchexploreshowmusicaffectspain.Whatmakesmusiceffectiveagainstpain?“Painiscreatedbyphysicalsensation,ourthoughtsaboutit,andouremotionalreaction,”explainedpsychologistAdamHanley.Musicactsasadistraction,pullingattentionawayfromdiscomfort.____34____Familiarandwell-likedmusictendstoworkbestbecauseitactivatesemotionsandmemoriesmorestrongly.____35____AstudyfromtheNetherlandstestedfivemusicgenresandfoundnosingletypewasmosteffective—whatmatteredwasthatlistenersenjoyedthemusic.Anotherstudyfoundthatlettingpeoplechoosetheirownmusicincreasedpaintolerance.Focusedlistening,ratherthantreatingmusicasbackgroundnoise,alsoimprovestheeffect.A．Butitdoesmore—itengagesthebrainbroadly,changingthepainexperience.B．Heisnotaloneinusingmusicasaformoftherapy(治疗).C．However,themusicmustbesoftandslowtohaveanyrealeffect.D．Patientsusuallyprefermodernpopsongstoclassicalmusic.E．It’snotjustaboutdistraction—patientchoiceandactivelisteningmattertoo.F．Hissongchoicesincludefolkmusicindifferentlanguagesandpiecesfromclassicalandsoundtracks.G．Recentresearchsuggestsmusiccanreducehowmuchpainpeoplefeelorincreasetheirabilitytotolerateit.ESharedServicesNeedMoreImaginationSupposeyouneedtodrillaholeinthewalltohanganitembutdonotownapowerdrill.Youmayregarditasexpensivetobuyapowerdrillandconsiderrentingone.Sharingisthesolution.Thesharingindustryisanemerginghighlyflexibleeconomicnetworkthatallowspeopletoshareresources,eitherfreeorforafee.Theimportantideaofthesharingindustryisthatpeoplemightonlyneedanitemforarelativelyshortperiod.Theprivatepartofsharedserviceshasbeenmovingtowardsthisareasincethebeginningofthe1980s,andthenthepublicparthastakennoteofthebenefitsandcontinuedforbestpractice.TheUnitedStatesandAustraliaamongothershavehadsharedservicesingovernmentsincethelate1990s.Withtheriseofthesharingindustry,thebest-knownsharedbikesandsharedcarshavegotalotofpublicattention.Thiskindoftransportationissoenvironmentally-friendlythatitisincreasinglypopularamongpeopleinmanycities.Ofcoursesharedservicesdon’tneedtobelimitedtomachines.Therealpay-offinsharedservicesprobablyliesinrentingoutsmaller,lessheavyitems.Forexample,intoday’scasualenvironment,youdon’tneedatieunlessyou’regoingtoaweddingorajobinterview.Sosomecompanieswouldletyoupickupatiewhenyouneededitandonlywhenyouneededit.Anotherexampleisanumbrella-sharingservice.Sincevisitorsdon’twanttobecarryingumbrellasalltheway,itwouldbecheaperandeasiertosimplyborrowanumbrellaononestreetcorneranddropitoffonanother.RecentlyorganizationsthathavecentralizedtheirITfunctionshavebeguntotakeacloselookatthetechnologyservicesthattheirITdepartmentsprovideforcustomers,evaluatingwhereitmakessensetoprovidetechnologycomponents.E-mallandscanningoperationswereobviousearlycandidates.Manyorganizationsarenowofferingtheirdocument-intensiveoperationsasasharedservice.Thereisnodoubtthatpeoplearecallingfortheexpansionofsharedservicestomoreandmoreareas.36.Whatisthesharingindustry?____36____37.Whydoessharedtransportationreceiveattentionfrompeople?____37____38.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Sharedservicesaregettingincreasinglypopularfortheirconvenience,buttherearestillcallsforexpansiontowiderareasbecausetheyarecurrentlyrestrictedtomachines.____38____39.Pleaseprovideanotherexampleofsharedservicesandexplainyourreason.(about40words)____39____四、书信写作40.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信告知他正在学习汉语，计划借助人工智能助力汉语学习，他发来邮件向你征询AI辅助语言学习的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包含：1.利用AI学习汉语的具体建议；2.提醒合理使用AI。注意：1.词数100左右；2.信件开头、结束语已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、单词拼写41.Tom_________theartofpublicspeaking,youmustpracticenotonlywhattosaybutalsohowtopause,breathe,anduseyourvoiceeffectively.42.Shefinallygainedrecognitionasaserious_________(作曲家)whenherfirstsymphonywasperformedbythenationalorchestra.43.Inthiswritingclass,simplysummarizingwhatothershavesaidisnotconsidered_________(可接受的),andyoumustaddyourownargumentoranalysis.44.Effectiveenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresarenecessarytostopthee_________ofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld.45.Manyartcentersmakelittlep_________,buttheyofferfreeartactivitiesforyoungpeople.46.Inthewild,ananimal’ss_________dependsnotonlyonfindingfoodbutalsoonadaptingtochangingweatherconditions.47.Teachershavecreatedmanyusefulnewa_________tomakegrammarlearningmuchmoreinterestingforteenagers.48.Greatenvironmentalimprovementso_________tenyearsagowhenpeoplebegantosortwaste.49.IfyoutakeeverychancetouseEnglishindailylife,youcana_________(习得)valuablelearningskillsstepbystep.50.Teachersshould_________(使暴露)studentstoavarietyofopinionsandarguments,notjustthosethatsuppor