外研社一起小学四年级上语法总结及练习题

外研社一起小学四年级上语法总结及练习题同学们，转眼间四年级上学期的英语学习已过半程。语法作为语言的骨架，是我们准确理解和灵活运用英语的基础。这份总结旨在帮助大家梳理本学期所学的核心语法知识，并通过针对性练习加以巩固。希望大家能认真对待，把每一个知识点都吃透哦！一、核心语法点梳理（一）一般现在时(SimplePresentTense)*含义：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，或客观事实、真理。*动词形式：*当主语是第一人称（I）、第二人称（you）以及第三人称复数（they,we,名词复数）时，动词用原形。*例：Ilikeapples.Youplayfootballwell.Theygotoschoolbybus.*当主语是第三人称单数（he,she,it,单个名词或人名）时，动词要发生变化，一般在词尾加`-s`或`-es`。*例：Helikesbananas.Shegoestoschoolonfoot.Iteatsfish.MymotherwatchesTVintheevening.*第三人称单数动词变化规则：1.一般情况加`-s`：play->plays,like->likes2.以`s,x,ch,sh,o`结尾的动词加`-es`：watch->watches,go->goes,wash->washes3.以辅音字母加`y`结尾的动词，变`y`为`i`再加`-es`：study->studies,fly->flies(但`boy`是名词，不是动词哦！)*常见时间标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week/month/year,inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。（二）be动词的用法(Usageof"be"verbs)*基本形式：am,is,are*用法口诀：我(I)用am，你(you)用are，is连着他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。*例：Iamastudent.Youaremyfriend.Heisaboy.Sheishappy.Itisacat.Thebooksareonthedesk.*否定形式：在am,is,are后加`not`。*例：Iamnot(I'mnot)tired.Heisnot(Heisn't)tall.Theyarenot(Theyaren't)here.*疑问形式：将am,is,are提到句首。*例：AmIright?Issheyoursister?Aretheseyourbooks?（三）情态动词"can"的用法*含义：表示“能，会，可以”，指具备某种能力或获得许可。*用法：*后面直接跟动词原形。*例：Icanswim.Hecanplaybasketball.*否定形式：在can后加`not`，缩写为`can't`。*例：Ican'tfly.Shecan'tsing.*疑问形式：将can提到句首。*例：Canyoujump?Canherideabike?（四）名词的单复数(SingularandPluralNouns)*单数：表示一个人或事物。*复数：表示两个或两个以上的人或事物。*规则变化：1.一般情况下加`-s`：book->books,pen->pens2.以`s,x,ch,sh`结尾的名词加`-es`：bus->buses,box->boxes,watch->watches,dish->dishes3.以辅音字母加`y`结尾的名词，变`y`为`i`再加`-es`：baby->babies,family->families(注意：元音字母加y结尾直接加s:boy->boys,toy->toys)4.以`f`或`fe`结尾的名词，变`f/fe`为`v`再加`-es`(部分)：knife->knives,leaf->leaves*不规则变化(需特殊记忆)：*man->men,woman->women,child->children,foot->feet,tooth->teeth,mouse->mice,sheep->sheep,fish->fish(强调条数时)（五）指示代词(DemonstrativePronouns)*this(这个)：指近处的单数人或事物。*例：Thisisapen.*that(那个)：指远处的单数人或事物。*例：Thatisatree.*these(这些)：指近处的复数人或事物(this的复数)。*例：Thesearemybooks.*those(那些)：指远处的复数人或事物(that的复数)。*例：Thosearetheirtoys.*用法提示：在回答"What'sthis/that?"时，常用"It'sa/an..."；回答"Whatarethese/those?"时，常用"Theyare..."。二、针对性练习题练习一：用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Myfather______(like)readingbooks.2.They______(play)footballeverySunday.3.She______(notwatch)TVinthemorning.4.______(do)yourmothergotoworkbybike?练习二：选择正确的be动词填空(am,is,are)1.I______apupil.2.This______mynewbag.3.They______goodfriends.4.______yourfatherateacher?Yes,he______.5.Thesebooks______onthedesk.练习三：用"can"或"can't"填空1.I______swimfast,butI______skate.2.______youspeakEnglish?Yes,I______.3.Thebird______fly,butit______swim.4.Mylittlebrother______read,becauseheisonlytwo.练习四：写出下列名词的复数形式1.apple______2.bus______3.baby______4.leaf______5.man______6.sheep______练习五：选择正确的指示代词(this,that,these,those)1.______ismypencil.(近处，单数)2.______arehershoes.(近处，复数)3.What's______overthere?(远处，单数)It'sacar.4.______booksarenew.(远处，复数)三、练习题参考答案练习一：1.likes(father是第三人称单数)2.play(they是第三人称复数)3.doesn'twatch(she是第三人称单数，否定用doesn't+原形)4.Does(mother是第三人称单数，疑问句用Does开头)5.has(cat是第三人称单数，have的三单是has)练习二：1.am2.is3.are4.Is,is5.are练习三：(第二题答案不唯一，合理即可)1.can,can't(或can't,can，根据实际情况选择，此处仅为示例)2.Can,can3.can,can't4.can't练