2026年英语六级《阅读》考试试题及答案

2026年英语六级《阅读》考试试题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"sustainableurbanliving"hasmovedfromanicheinterestamongenvironmentaliststoacentralpillarofmoderncityplanning.Asurbanizationratescontinuetosoarglobally,thepressureoninfrastructureandresourcesisbecomingincreasinglyintense.Cityplannersarenowtaskedwiththechallengeofaccommodatinggrowingpopulationswhilesimultaneouslyreducingtheecologicalfootprintofurbanenvironments.Thisdelicatebalancerequiresafundamentalshiftinhowwedesign,build,andinhabitourcities.Oneofthemostpromisingstrategiesisthedevelopmentof"smartcities."Theseurbanareasleveragecutting-edgetechnologytooptimizeefficiencyandimprovethequalityoflifeforresidents.Forinstance,theInternetofThings(IoT)allowsforthereal-timemonitoringofenergyconsumption,wastemanagement,andtrafficflow.Byanalyzingthisdata,cityofficialscanmakeinformeddecisionsthat__1__resourcewastageandenhanceoperationalefficiency.However,theimplementationofsmartcitytechnologiesisnotwithoutits__2__.Criticsarguethatanover-relianceontechnologycanleadtoprivacyconcernsandalossofhumanautonomy.Furthermore,thephysicallayoutofcitiesisundergoingatransformation.Onesignificanttrendisthemovetowards"greenarchitecture."Buildingsarenolongerjustconcreteshells;theyarebecominglivingecosystems.Verticalgardens,greenroofs,andenergy-efficientmaterialsarebecomingstandardfeaturesinnewhigh-riseprojects.Thesestructureshelpto__3__the"heatislandeffect,"whereurbanareasbecomesignificantlywarmerthantheirruralsurroundingsduetohumanactivities.Additionally,incorporatinggreenspacesintodenseurbanenvironmentshasbeenshowntohaveprofoundbenefitsformentalhealth,reducingstresslevelsamongcitydwellers.Transportationisanothercriticalsectorundergoingradicalchange.Thedominanceoftheprivateautomobileisbeingchallengedbytheriseofsustainablealternatives.Electricvehicles(EVs),coupledwithexpandedcyclinginfrastructureandpedestrian-friendlyzones,arereshapingtheurbanlandscape.Manycitiesarealsoinvestingheavilyinpublictransitsystems,aimingtomakethemmoreaccessibleandreliable.Thegoalistocreateamultimodaltransportnetworkthatreducescongestionandlowerscarbonemissions.However,thesetechnologicalandstructuraladvancementsmustbeinclusivetobetrulysustainable.Thereisariskthat"eco-gentrification"mayoccur,wheregreenupgradesdriveuppropertyvaluesand__4__lower-incomeresidents.Tocombatthis,urbanplannersmustensurethataffordablehousingremainsacorecomponentofsustainabledevelopment.Socialequitycannotbesacrificedforthesakeofenvironmentalgains.Ultimately,thefutureofurbanlivingdependsonourabilitytoinnovateandadapt.Itrequiresacollaborativeeffortbetweengovernment,theprivatesector,andcitizens.Whilethepathtoasustainableurbanfutureiscomplex,thepotentialrewards—ahealthierplanetandamore__5__society—arewellworththepursuit.Wemustactnowtoensurethatourcitiesremainviablehabitatsforgenerationstocome.A)diminishesB)obstaclesC)mitigateD)equitableE)minimizeF)displacesG)harshH)maximizeI)resilientJ)intricateK)benefitsL)challengesM)exacerbateN)inclusiveO)sustainableSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheEvolutionofCognitiveScienceA)Cognitivescienceistheinterdisciplinary,scientificstudyofthemindanditsprocesses.Itexaminesthenature,thetasks,andthefunctioningofthemind.Thecognitivesciencesbeganasanintellectualmovementinthe1950s,calledthecognitiverevolution.Thismovementwaslargelyareactionagainstbehaviorism,whichdominatedpsychologyatthetime.Behavioristsarguedthatmentalstatescouldnotbestudiedscientificallybecausetheywerenotobservable.Theyfocusedexclusivelyonobservablebehavior.However,pioneersinthecognitiverevolutionbelievedthatthemindcouldbeunderstoodasaninformationprocessor,similartoacomputer.B)Atthecoreofcognitivescienceistheideathatthemindisacomplexsystemthatreceives,stores,retrieves,andtransformsinformation.Thiscomputationaltheoryofmindsuggeststhatmentalprocessescanbedescribedintermsofalgorithmsanddatastructures.Forexample,memoryisnotjustapassivestoragebinbutanactiveprocessofreconstruction.Whenwerememberanevent,wearenotplayingbackarecording;wearereconstructingthememorybasedonfragmentsandassociations,oftenleadingtoerrors.C)OneofthemostsignificantcontributionsofcognitivesciencehasbeenthedevelopmentofArtificialIntelligence(AI).EarlyAIresearchershopedtocreategeneralintelligence,buttheysoonrealizedthatspecifictasks,likeplayingchessorsolvingmathematicalproofs,weremoretractable.Thisledtothedevelopmentofexpertsystemsinthefieldsofmedicine,finance,andengineering.TherelationshipbetweenAIandcognitivescienceissymbiotic:modelsofthemindinformAIdesign,andAIsuccessorfailureinformstheoriesofthemind.D)Anothercrucialareaislinguistics.NoamChomsky'stheoryofgenerativegrammarrevolutionizedtheunderstandingoflanguageacquisition.Hearguedthathumanshaveaninnate,universalgrammar—abiologicalblueprintforlanguage.Thisideachallengedtheprevailingbehavioristviewthatlanguagewaslearnedentirelythroughconditioning.Chomsky'sworkprovidedastrongargumentfortheexistenceofmentalstructuresandmodules,reinforcingthecognitiveapproach.E)Neurosciencehasalsobecomeanintegralpartofcognitivescience.WiththeadventofadvancedimagingtechniqueslikefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)andPETscans,scientistscannowobservebrainactivityinreal-time.Thishasallowedresearcherstomapcognitivefunctionstospecificbrainregions.Forinstance,thehippocampusisknowntobecrucialformemoryformation,whiletheamygdalaprocessesemotions.Thesebiologicalfindingsgroundabstractpsychologicaltheoriesinphysicalreality.F)Despitetheseadvances,cognitivesciencefacesseverallimitations.Thehumanbrainisincrediblycomplex,withapproximately86billionneuronsandtrillionsofsynapses.Currenttechnologycannotcapturethefullcomplexityofneuralinteractionsatamicroscopiclevel.Furthermore,the"hardproblemofconsciousness"—explaininghowandwhywehavequalitativeexperiences—remainsunsolved.Wecanexplaincognitivefunctions,butsubjectiveexperienceiselusive.G)Recently,therehasbeenashifttowards"embodiedcognition."Thisperspectivearguesthatcognitionisnotjustabrain-boundprocessbutisdeeplyinfluencedbythebodyanditsinteractionswiththeworld.Forexample,ourunderstandingofconceptslike"grasping"anideaisrootedinthephysicalexperienceofgraspingobjects.Thischallengesthetraditionalcomputationalviewwhichtreatsthemindasanabstractprocessordetachedfromthephysicalworld.H)Thefutureofcognitivescienceliesingreaterintegrationacrossitssub-disciplines.Combiningcomputationalmodeling,psychologicalexperimentation,andneurologicaldataoffersthebesthopeforunderstandingthemind.Moreover,asAIbecomesmoresophisticated,particularlywiththeriseofneuralnetworks,thelinebetweenhumanandmachineintelligencemayblur,raisingprofoundethicalandphilosophicalquestionsaboutthenatureofconsciousnessitself.I)Inconclusion,cognitivesciencehastransformedourunderstandingofthehumanmind.Fromitsrootsinthecognitiverevolutiontoitscurrentmulti-facetedapproach,ithasprovidedvaluableinsightsintomemory,language,perception,andintelligence.Whilemanymysteriesremain,theinterdisciplinarynatureofthefieldensuresthatitwillcontinuetoevolveandshedlightonwhatitmeanstobehuman.11.Thecognitiverevolutionemergedasaresponsetothebehavioristschoolofthoughtwhichrejectedthestudyofinternalmentalstates.12.Thecomputationaltheoryofmindpositsthatmentaloperationsareanalogoustotheprocessingofinformationbyacomputer.13.NoamChomskyintroducedtheconceptofaninnateuniversalgrammar,challengingthebehavioristassumptionthatlanguageissolelyaproductofconditioning.14.Advancedneuroimagingtechnologieshaveenabledresearcherstocorrelatespecificcognitivetaskswithactivityinparticularbrainareas.15.Thetheoryofembodiedcognitionsuggeststhatcognitiveprocessesareshapedbythephysicalbodyanditsenvironment,ratherthanbeingisolatedinthebrain.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theglobalsupplychain,oncecelebratedastheengineofmodernefficiency,isfacingareckoning.Fordecades,theguidingprinciplewas"just-in-time"manufacturing,astrategyaimedatminimizinginventorycostsbyhavinggoodsarriveexactlywhenneeded,notamomentsooner.Thisapproachreliedonpredictabletransportation,stablefuelprices,andgeopoliticalharmony.However,theconvergenceofrecentglobalevents—apandemic,tradewars,andextremeweather—hasexposedthefragilityofthissystem.TheCOVID-19pandemicwasthefirstmajorshock.LockdownsinmanufacturinghubslikeChinacausedmassivedisruptions.Factoriesthatproducedessentialcomponents,fromsemiconductorstoautomotiveparts,wereforcedtoshutdown.Theeffectsrippledoutward;ashortageofmicrochips,forinstance,broughttheglobalautomobileindustrytoanearstandstill,illustratinghowasinglepointoffailurecanparalyzeanentirenetwork.Inresponsetothesevulnerabilities,manycorporationsarepivotingtowardsa"just-in-case"model.Thisinvolvesholdinglargerinventoriesanddiversifyingsupplierstobuildresilienceagainstfutureshocks.Whilethisincreasesstoragecostsandreducesshort-termefficiency,itprovidesabufferagainstuncertainty.Companiesareincreasinglylookingto"nearshore"or"reshore"theirsupplychains—movingproductionclosertotheconsumermarkettoreducerelianceonlong-distanceshipping.However,shiftingawayfromglobalizationisnotwithouteconomicconsequences.Thespecializationbroughtaboutbyglobaltradehasloweredpricesforconsumersandliftedmillionsoutofpovertyindevelopingnations.Reversingthistrendcouldleadtohigherpricesandreducedeconomicgrowth.Furthermore,buildingredundantsupplychainsrequiressignificantcapitalinvestment,whichmaybepassedontotheconsumer.Despitethecosts,thewritingisonthewall.Theeraofhyper-efficiencyattheexpenseofstabilityisending.Businessesarerealizingthatresilienceisthenewefficiency.Thisdoesnotmeantheendofglobalization,butratheratransformation.Thefuturesupplychainwilllikelybeahybridmodel:regionalizedforessentialgoodstoensuresecurity,butglobalforcommoditizedproductswherecostremainstheprimarydriver.Governmentsarealsoplayingamoreactiverole,viewingsupplychainsasamatterofnationalsecurity.Strategicindustrieslikepharmaceuticalsandrareearthmineralsarebeingbroughtbackhomeoralliedcountries.Thisgeopoliticaldimensionaddsanotherlayerofcomplexitytothecorporatedecision-makingprocess.Ultimately,theevolutionofthesupplychainisabalancingact.Companiesmustnavigatethetrade-offsbetweencost,efficiency,andresilience.Whilethe"just-in-time"modelisnotdead,itslimitationshavebeenbrutallyexposed.Thenewparadigmwillrequireflexibility,redundancy,andawillingnesstotoleratehighercostsforthesakeofreliability.16.Whatwastheprimarygoalofthe"just-in-time"manufacturingstrategy?A)Tomaximizethespeedofproduction.B)Tominimizeinventorycosts.C)Todiversifysuppliernetworks.D)Toincreaseproductquality.17.HowdidtheCOVID-19pandemicimpacttheglobalsupplychain?A)Itcausedadecreaseinconsumerdemandforluxurygoods.B)Itledtoasurplusofsemiconductorsinthemarket.C)Ithighlightedthefragilityofthesystemthroughfactoryshutdowns.D)Itencouragedimmediatereshoringofallmanufacturing.18.Whyarecompaniesadoptingthe"just-in-case"model?A)Toreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftransportation.B)Tocomplywithnewgovernmentregulationsontrade.C)Tobuildresilienceagainstfuturedisruptions.D)Totakeadvantageoflowerlaborcostsabroad.19.Whatisapotentialdownsideofnearshoringorreshoringsupplychains?A)Itleadstoadecreaseinproductqualitycontrol.B)Itmayresultinhigherpricesforconsumers.C)Itreducesthespeedofdeliverytolocalmarkets.D)Itlimitsaccesstoadvancedmanufacturingtechnologies.20.Whatistheauthor'sviewonthefutureofthesupplychain?A)Globalizationwillcompletelyreverseduetogeopoliticaltensions.B)The"just-in-time"modelwillremainthedominantstrategy.C)Ahybridmodelbalancingregionalizationandglobalizationislikely.D)Governmentswillfullytakeovercontrolofprivatesupplychains.PassageTwoQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"BlueEconomy"referstothesustainableuseofoceanresourcesforeconomicgrowth,improvedlivelihoods,andjobswhilepreservingthehealthofoceanecosystems.Itencompassesawiderangeofsectors,includingfisheries,renewableenergy,tourism,andbiotechnology.Astheglobalpopulationgrows,thepressureontheoceansintensifies,makingthetransitiontoablueeconomynotjustanenvironmentalimperativebutaneconomicone.Historically,theoceanhasbeenviewedasaninfiniteresource,afrontierforextractionanddumping.This"browneconomy"approachhasledtooverfishing,habitatdestruction,andpollution.Nearlyone-thirdofglobalfishstocksareoverexploited,anddeadzoneswhereoxygenlevelsaretoolowtosupportlifeareexpanding.Theeconomiccostofthisdegradationisstaggering;thelossofecosystemserviceslikecoastalprotectionandcarbonsequestrationisestimatedtobeinthetrillionsofdollarsannually.Incontrast,theBlueEconomypromotesacircularapproach.Forexample,sustainableaquaculturecanprovideproteinwithoutdepletingwildstocks.Offshorewindfarmscangeneratecleanenergywhileminimizinglanduseconflicts.Moreover,marinebiotechnologyholdsthepromiseofnewmedicinesandindustrialmaterialsderivedfrommarineorganisms,offeringafrontierforinnovationthatreliesonconservationratherthanextraction.OneofthemostpromisingaspectsoftheBlueEconomyisthepotentialforcarbonsequestration."Bluecarbon"ecosystems—mangroves,saltmarshes,andseagrasses—sequestercarbonatarateuptofourtimeshigherthanterrestrialforests.Protectingandrestoringthesehabitatscouldbeapowerfultoolinthefightagainstclimatechange.However,theseecosystemsaredisappearingatanalarmingrate,oftenduetocoastaldevelopment.FinancingthetransitiontoaBlueEconomyremainsasignificanthurdle.Theoceanisoftenunderfundedcomparedtoterrestrialconservationefforts.Thereisaneedforinnovativefinancingmechanisms,suchasbluebonds—debtinstrumentsissuedtosupportmarineandocean-basedprojects.Thesebondscanattractprivatecapitaltofundconservationandsustainabledevelopment.Governanceisalsocritical.Thehighseas,areasbeyondnationaljurisdiction,covernearlyhalfoftheEarth'ssurfacebutarelargelyunregulated.Thislegalvacuumallowsforillegal,unreported,andunregulated(IUU)fishingandotherharmfulactivities.Arobustinternationalframeworkisneededtomanagethesesharedresourcesequitably.ThetransitiontoaBlueEconomyrequiresaparadigmshiftinhowwevaluetheocean.Itmustbeseennotasawarehouseofgoodsbutasaproviderofservices.Byinvestinginthehealthofmarineecosystems,weinvestinthefutureoftheglobaleconomy.Thechallengeisimmense,buttheoceanhasaremarkablecapacityforregenerationifgiventhechance.Thetimetoactisnow,beforethetippingpointisreached.21.Whatisthecentralideaofthe"BlueEconomy"?A)Exploitingoceanresourcesformaximumprofit.B)Balancingeconomicusewithoceanecosystempreservation.C)Focusingexclusivelyontourismandrenewableenergy.D)Prioritizingindustrialdevelopmentoverconservation.22.Howdoestheauthordescribethehistorical"browneconomy"approach?A)Itwasasustainablemodelthatrespectedoceanlimits.B)Ittreatedtheoceanasaninfiniteresourceforextraction.C)Itfocusedheavilyonrenewableenergysources.D)Itwasregulatedbystrictinternationallaws.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatisauniqueadvantageof"bluecarbon"ecosystems?A)Theyareeasiertorestorethanterrestrialforests.B)Theyprovideahabitatforcommercialfishing.C)Theysequestercarbonataratehigherthanlandforests.D)Theyrequirenomaintenanceonceestablished.24.Whatis"bluebonds"inthecontextofthepassage?A)Atypeofinsuranceformarineaccidents.B)Aregulatoryframeworkforfishingquotas.C)Afinancialinstrumenttoraisecapitalformarineprojects.D)Atreatybetweennationstoshareoceanresources.25.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernregardingthehighseas?A)Theyaretoovasttobeeffectivelymonitored.B)Theyarelargelyunregulated,leadingtoharmfulactivities.C)Theyarelosingtheirbiodiversityduetoclimatechangeonly.D)Theyarethesubjectofterritorialdisputesbetweennations.***答案与解析PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA答案：1.E)minimize2.L)challenges3.C)mitigate4.F)displaces5.D)equitable解析：文章概要：本文主要探讨了“可持续城市生活”的概念。随着城市化进程加快，城市规划者面临着在人口增长和减少生态足迹之间寻找平衡的挑战。文章讨论了“智慧城市”利用技术优化效率、“绿色建筑”改善环境、交通方式的转变以及社会公平问题，强调需要通过创新和协作来实现未来的可持续发展。试题详解：1.E)minimize语境分析：句子提到“通过分析这些数据，城市官员可以做出明智的决定，从而__1__资源浪费并提高运营效率。”词义辨析：此处需要一个动词，且能与“resourcewastage”（资源浪费）构成合理的动宾搭配。选项中A)diminishes（减少，通常作不及物动词或接宾语指程度减弱），E)minimize（最小化，使减到最低限度），H)maximize（最大化）。根据上下文，目标是减少浪费，故选minimize。语法判断：that引导定语从句修饰decisions，从句谓语动词是make，后面接宾语decisions，然后是which引导的从句，这里which指代前面的decisions，或者看作which引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个情况。结构为：decisionsthat[subject][verb]object。这里which是主语，后面需要谓语。实际上结构是：makeinformeddecisionsthatminimize...。填入minimize符合语法。2.L)challenges语境分析：句子提到“然而，智慧城市技术的实施并非没有其__2__。”词义辨析：固定搭配notwithoutits...（并非没有……）。选项中B)obstacles（障碍），L)challenges（挑战）。两者意思相近，但challenges更常用于描述在实施过程中遇到的各种困难和考验，符合语境中提到的隐私问题和对自主权的担忧。语法判断：这里需要一个名词复数形式作宾语。challenges符合。3.C)mitigate语境分析：句子提到“这些结构有助于__3__‘热岛效应’，即由于人类活动，城市地区比周边农村地区明显更热。”词义辨析：此处需要一个动词，表示对“热岛效应”的作用。选项中C)mitigate（减轻，缓和），M)exacerbate（加剧，恶化）。根据常识和上下文，绿色建筑是为了改善环境，而不是加剧热岛效应，故选mitigate。语法判断：helpto(do)sth.，mitigate符合。4.F)displaces语境分析：句子提到“存在一种‘生态绅士化’的风险，即绿色升级推高房产价值并__4__低收入居民。”词义辨析：此处需要一个动词，描述对低收入居民的影响。选项中F)displaces（置换，迫使……离开家园），N)inclusive（包容的，形容词）。在城市化语境中，gentrification（绅士化）通常会导致原住民被迫搬离，故选displaces。语法判断：and连接两个动词，前一个是driveup，后一个需要动词原形。displaces符合。5.D)equitable语境分析：句子提到“……潜在的回报——一个更健康的星球和一个更__5__的社会——是值得追求的。”词义辨析：此处需要一个形容词修饰society。选项中D)equitable（公平的，公正的），I)resilient（有弹性的），N)inclusive（包容的）。文章前文提到了社会公平，防止低收入居民被置换，因此这里强调的是社会的公平性。虽然resilient和inclusive也是正面词汇，但equitable更紧扣前文提到的社会正义问题。语法判断：形容词作定语。equitable符合。SectionB答案：11.A12.B13.D14.E15.G解析：文章概要：本文介绍了认知科学的演变。文章从认知革命对行为主义的反驳开始，阐述了计算理论、人工智能、语言学、神经科学对认知科学的贡献，指出了当前面临的局限性（如意识难题），介绍了新兴的“具身认知”观点，并展望了未来的跨学科发展趋势。试题详解：11.A定位：关键词cognitiverevolution,behaviorist,internalmentalstates。原文：ParagraphA提到：“Thismovementwaslargelyareactionagainstbehaviorism...Behavioristsarguedthatmentalstatescouldnotbestudiedscientificallybecausetheywerenotobservable.”解析：原文明确指出认知革命是对行为主义的反应，而行为主义者认为心理状态无法被科学研究。题目是对这一段内容的同义转述。12.B定位：关键词computationaltheoryofmind,informationprocessor。原文：ParagraphB提到：“Atthecoreofcognitivescienceistheideathatthemindisacomplexsystemthatreceives,stores,retrieves,andtransformsinformation.Thiscomputationaltheoryofmindsuggeststhatmentalprocessescanbedescribedintermsofalgorithmsanddatastructures.”解析：原文提到认知科学的核心思想是心灵是一个处理信息的复杂系统，这就是计算理论。题目说该理论认为心理操作类似于计算机处理信息，与原文一致。13.D定位：关键词NoamChomsky,innateuniversalgrammar,conditioning。原文：ParagraphD提到：“NoamChomsky'stheoryofgenerativegrammar...Hearguedthathumanshaveaninnate,universalgrammar...Thisideachallengedtheprevailingbehavioristviewthatlanguagewaslearnedentirelythroughconditioning.”解析：原文明确指出乔姆斯基的天赋普遍语法观点挑战了行为主义关于语言完全通过条件反射学习的观点。题目表述与原文完全吻合。14.E定位：关键词neuroimagingtechnologies,brainregions。原文：ParagraphE提到：“WiththeadventofadvancedimagingtechniqueslikefMRI...Thishasallowedresearcherstomapcognitivefunctionstospecificbrainregions.”解析：原文提到先进的成像技术（如fMRI）使研究人员能够将认知功能映射到特定的大脑区域。题目是对此的概括。15.G定位：关键词embodiedcognition,physicalbody,environment。原文：ParagraphG提到：“Recently,therehasbeenashifttowards'embodiedcognition.'Thisperspectivearguesthatcognitionisnotjustabrain-boundprocessbutisdeeplyinfluencedbythebodyanditsinteractionswiththeworld.”解析：原文指出具身认知认为认知不仅仅受限于大脑，还深受身体及其与世界互动的影响。题目说认知过程受身体和环境塑造，而非仅仅隔离在大脑中，符合原文意思。SectionCPassageOne答案：16.B17.C18.C19.B20.C解析：文章概要：本文探讨了全球供应链的演变。文章指出，过去以“准时制”生产为主的模式虽然高效，但在疫情、贸易战等冲击下显得脆弱。现在许多公司转向“以防万一”模式，增加库存并使供应商多元化，甚至将生产迁回本土。文章分析了这种转变的经济后果，并认为未来将是区域化与全球化并存的混合模式。试题详解：16.B)Tominimizeinventorycosts.细节题。定位到第一段：“Fordecades,theguidingprinciplewas'just-in-time'manufacturing,astrategyaimedatminimizinginventorycostsbyhavinggoodsarriveexactlywhenneeded...”解析：原文明确说明“准时制”制造策略的目标是最小化库存成本。故选B。17.C)Ithighlightedthefragilityofthesystemthroughfactoryshutdowns.细节题。定位到第二段：“TheCOVID-19pandemicwasthefirstmajorshock.LockdownsinmanufacturinghubslikeChinacausedmassivedisruptions...illustratinghowasinglepointoffailurecanparalyzeanentirenetwork.”解析：原文提到疫情导致工厂停工，造成巨大破坏，并展示了单一故障点如何瘫痪整个网络，这揭示了系统的脆弱性。选项C概括了这一影响。A项decreaseindemand不是重点；B项surplus与原文shortage矛盾；D项immediatereshoring过于绝对。18.C)Tobuildresilienceagainstfuturedisruptions.细节题。定位到第三段：“Inresponsetothesevulnerabilities,manycorporationsarepivotingtowardsa'just-in-case'model.