临夏州2025年下半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库

临夏州2025年下半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级复习试题库SectionIListeningComprehensionPartAYouwillhear5shortdialogues.Foreachdialogue,thereisonequestionandfourpossibleanswers.Choosethecorrectanswer.1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?[A]Takeataxitotheairport.[B]Bookaflightinadvance.[C]Leavefortheairportearlier.[D]Checkthetrafficconditiononline.2.Howmuchdidthemanpayforthedictionary?[A]$15.[B]$20.[C]$25.[D]$30.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?[A]Teacherandstudent.[B]Employerandemployee.[C]Husbandandwife.[D]Shopassistantandcustomer.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?[A]Shedoesn'tliketheweather.[B]Theweatherforecastisalwayswrong.[C]Itwillrainheavilytomorrow.[D]Shehasalreadypreparedfortherain.5.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?[A]Inalibrary.[B]Inahospital.[C]Inapostoffice.[D]Inabank.PartBYouwillhear2longdialoguesand1monologue.Answerthequestionsfollowingeachofthem.Questions6-8arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.6.Whydidthemancallthewoman?[A]Toinvitehertoaparty.[B]Toaskforinformationaboutajob.[C]Toapologizeforbeinglate.[D]Todiscussaprojectschedule.7.Whatisthewoman'smajorconcernaboutthecandidate?[A]Lackofexperience.[B]Salaryexpectations.[C]Communicationskills.[D]Willingnesstotravel.8.WhatwillthemandonextMonday?[A]Signacontract.[B]Attendaninterview.[C]Startanewproject.[D]Goonabusinesstrip.Questions9-10arebasedonthefollowingmonologue.9.Whatisthemaintopicofthemonologue?[A]Thehistoryofthecitymuseum.[B]Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.[C]Theintroductionofanewpublictransportationsystem.[D]Thebenefitsofphysicalexercise.10.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthebiggestadvantageofthenewsystem?[A]Itiscompletelyfreeofcharge.[B]Itreducestraveltimesignificantly.[C]Itusescleanenergy.[D]ItprovidesfreeWi-Fi.SectionIIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank.Therapidadvancementoftechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthewaywecommunicate,work,andlive.Amongthesechanges,theriseofremotework,alsoknownastelecommuting,hasbeenoneofthemostsignificant11________inthemodernprofessionallandscape.Whatwasoncearareprivilegeofferedbyafew12________companieshasnowbecomeastandardpracticeacrossvariousindustries.Thebenefitsofremoteworkare13________.Foremployees,iteliminatesthedaily14________,savingbothtimeandmoney.Italsoprovidesagreaterdegreeof15________,allowingindividualstobalancetheirpersonalandprofessionallivesmoreeffectively.Foremployers,telecommutingcanleadtoincreasedproductivity,asworkersareoften16________inacomfortableenvironmentwithouttheconstantinterruptionsofatraditionaloffice.Furthermore,companiescan17________onoverheadcostssuchasrentandutilities.However,thetransitiontoaremoteworkmodelisnotwithoutits18________.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthepotentialfor19________amongteammembers.Withoutface-to-faceinteractions,buildingacohesiveteamculturecanbe20________.Communicationbarriersmayarise,andmisunderstandingscaneasilyoccurwhenrelyingsolelyontext-based21________likeemailsorinstantmessaging.Additionally,the22________betweenworkandhomelifecanbecomeblurred,leadingtooverworkandpotentialburnout.Toaddresstheseissues,managersmust23________clearguidelinesandexpectations.Regularvirtualmeetingsshouldbe24________tomaintainconnectionandfostercollaboration.Itisalsocrucialforemployeesto25________adedicatedworkspacetohelpseparatetheirprofessionalandpersonallives.26________,companiesshouldinvestindigitaltoolsthat27________seamlesscommunicationandprojectmanagement.Inconclusion,whileremoteworkoffersremarkableadvantages,itssuccess28________carefulimplementationandmanagement.Byacknowledgingthechallengesandproactivelyaddressingthem,bothemployeesandorganizationscan29________inthisneweraofwork.Thefutureofworkisnotstrictlyaboutwherewework,but30________howweworktogether,regardlessofphysicaldistance.11.[A]shifts[B]shifts[C]transformations[D]alterations12.[A]progressive[B]aggressive[C]conservative[D]possessive13.[A]multifaceted[B]undeniable[C]questionable[D]invisible14.[A]commute[B]journey[C]travel[D]tour15.[A]autonomy[B]dependence[C]reliance[D]subordination16.[A]distracted[B]focused[C]disturbed[D]annoyed17.[A]cutdown[B]saveup[C]putaside[D]layoff18.[A]privileges[B]benefits[C]challenges[D]opportunities19.[A]isolation[B]integration[C]collaboration[D]union20.[A]straightforward[B]difficult[C]simple[D]unnecessary21.[A]platforms[B]telephones[C]letters[D]meetings22.[A]boundary[B]connection[C]relationship[D]bridge23.[A]establish[B]destroy[C]ignore[D]question24.[A]canceled[B]scheduled[C]delayed[D]avoided25.[A]abandon[B]create[C]demolish[D]neglect26.[A]Therefore[B]However[C]Moreover[D]Otherwise27.[A]prevent[B]hinder[C]facilitate[D]delay28.[A]avoids[B]requires[C]rejects[D]ignores29.[A]fail[B]suffer[C]thrive[D]decline30.[A]less[B]more[C]about[D]overSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingthreetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingtherightoption.Text1Theconceptofacirculareconomyhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasasustainablealternativetothetraditionallineareconomy,whichfollowsa"take,make,dispose"model.Inalineareconomy,rawmaterialsareextracted,transformedintoproducts,andultimatelydiscardedaswaste.Thisapproachhasledtosevereenvironmentaldegradationandresourcedepletion.Thecirculareconomy,bycontrast,aimstominimizewasteandmakethemostofresources.Atitscore,thecirculareconomyisbasedonthreeprinciples:eliminatewasteandpollution,circulateproductsandmaterials,andregeneratenature.Designingproductsfordurability,repairability,andrecyclabilityiscrucial.Insteadofthrowingawayabrokenitem,itisrepaired,refurbished,orremanufactured.Whenaproductreachestheendofitslife,itscomponentsareseparatedandthematerialsarerecoveredtobeusedinnewproducts.Onenotableexampleofcirculareconomypracticesisthefashionindustry,whichisnotoriousforitsenvironmentalfootprint.Severalbrandshavestartedimplementingtake-backprograms,wherecustomerscanreturntheiroldclothesinexchangeforadiscountonnewpurchases.Theseoldclothesarethensorted:someareresoldinsecond-handmarkets,somearerecycledintonewfabrics,andothersarerepurposedintoinsulationmaterials.Thetransitiontoacirculareconomyrequiresasystemicshiftinvolvingbusinesses,consumers,andgovernments.Businessesneedtoredesigntheirsupplychainsandproductlifecycles.Consumersmustadoptnewhabits,suchasprioritizingqualityoverquantityandparticipatinginrecyclingprograms.Governmentscanplayapivotalrolebyenactingpoliciesthatincentivizesustainablepracticesandpenalizewastefulones.Ultimately,thecirculareconomyisnotjustanenvironmentalimperative;itisasubstantialeconomicopportunitythatcandriveinnovationandcreatenewjobs.31.Whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenalineareconomyandacirculareconomy?[A]Alineareconomyfocusesonrecycling,whileacirculareconomyfocusesonmanufacturing.[B]Alineareconomyfollowsa"take,make,dispose"model,whereasacirculareconomyaimstominimizewasteandmaximizeresourceuse.[C]Acirculareconomyencouragesresourceextraction,whereasalineareconomyprohibitsit.[D]Alineareconomyismoresustainablethanacirculareconomy.32.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTaprincipleofthecirculareconomy?[A]Eliminatingwasteandpollution.[B]Circulatingproductsandmaterials.[C]Regeneratingnature.[D]Extractingmorerawmaterials.33.Howdoesthefashionindustryimplementthecirculareconomymodel?[A]Bymanufacturingcheaperclothes.[B]Byburningoldclothestoproduceenergy.[C]Byimplementingtake-backprogramsandrecyclingoldfabrics.[D]Byincreasingtheproductionofnewsyntheticmaterials.34.Whatroledoconsumersplayinthecirculareconomy?[A]Theyshouldbuymoreproductstostimulatetheeconomy.[B]Theyshouldprioritizequantityoverquality.[C]Theyshouldadopthabitslikechoosingqualityproductsandparticipatinginrecycling.[D]Theyshoulddemandthatthegovernmentlowerprices.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecirculareconomy?[A]Optimisticandsupportive.[B]Skepticalandcritical.[C]Neutralandindifferent.[D]Concernedandpessimistic.Text2Themigrationofbirdsisoneofthemostfascinatingphenomenainthenaturalworld.Everyyear,billionsofbirdsembarkonlong,perilousjourneysacrosscontinents,drivenbyinstinctandenvironmentalchanges.Theprimarymotivationformigrationisthesearchforfoodandsuitablebreedinggrounds.AswinterapproachesintheNorthernHemisphere,foodbecomesscarce,promptingbirdstoflysouthtowarmerclimateswhereresourcesareabundant.Themechanicsofhowbirdsnavigateovervastdistanceshaveintriguedscientistsfordecades.Researchhasrevealedthatbirdsemployacombinationofnavigationaltools.Theyusethesunandthestarsascelestialcompasses,adjustingtheirflightpathsbasedonthepositionoftheseheavenlybodies.Furthermore,manyspeciespossessaremarkableabilitytodetecttheEarth'smagneticfield,asenseknownasmagnetoreception.Thisallowsthemtomaintainacorrectheadingevenoncloudydaysoroverfeaturelessoceans.However,thejourneyisfraughtwithdangers.Naturalpredators,adverseweatherconditions,andexhaustiontakeaheavytollonmigratingpopulations.Inrecentyears,humanactivitieshaveexacerbatedthesethreats.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitats,suchaswetlandsandforests,hasremovedvitalstopoversiteswherebirdsrestandrefuel.Additionally,lightpollutionfromurbanareascandisorientnocturnalmigrants,causingthemtocollidewithbuildings.Conservationeffortsareunderwaytomitigatetheseimpacts.Organizationsareworkingtoprotectandrestorecriticalhabitatsalongmajorflyways.Somecitieshaveadopted"lightsout"programsduringpeakmigrationseasons,urgingbuildingstoturnoffunnecessarylightsatnight.Whilethesemeasuresarestepsintherightdirection,thesurvivalofmigratorybirdsultimatelydependsonglobalcooperationandasustainedcommitmenttopreservingthenaturalenvironment.36.Whatisthemainreasonbirdsmigrate?[A]Toescapefrompredators.[B]Tofindfoodandsuitableplacestobreed.[C]Tofollowthesun.[D]Toavoidhumanactivities.37.Howdobirdsnavigateduringtheirmigration?[A]Solelybyfollowingthecoastline.[B]Byaskingotherbirdsfordirections.[C]Byusingthesun,stars,andtheEarth'smagneticfield.[D]Byrelyingontheirexcellentmemoryoflandscapes.38.Whatdoestheword"exacerbated"inthethirdparagraphmostlikelymean?[A]Reduced.[B]Worsened.[C]Eliminated.[D]Ignored.39.Whydosomecitiesimplement"lightsout"programs?[A]Tosaveelectricity.[B]Toreducelightpollutionthatdisorientsnocturnalmigratingbirds.[C]Toencouragepeopletosleepearlier.[D]Topreventbirdsfrombuildingnestsonbuildings.40.Whatcanbeinferredaboutmigratorybirdconservationfromthetext?[A]Itisalocalizedissuethatonlyconcernsindividualcountries.[B]Itisunnecessarybecausebirdpopulationsareincreasing.[C]Itrequiresglobalcooperationtobetrulyeffective.[D]Ithasbeencompletelysolvedbyrecentconservationefforts.Text3Sleepisoftenmisunderstoodasapassivestateofrest,aperiodwhenthebrainsimplyshutsdown.Inreality,sleepisahighlyactiveandcomplexprocessessentialforphysicalhealth,emotionalwell-being,andcognitivefunction.Thedeprivationofsleephasbecomeapervasiveissueinmodernsociety,withprofoundconsequences.Oneofthemostsignificanteffectsofsleepdeprivationisoncognitiveperformance.Lackofsleepimpairsattention,workingmemory,anddecision-makingskills.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhooperateonlessthansixhoursofsleepanightexhibitreactiontimescomparabletothosewhoarelegallyintoxicated.Theprefrontalcortex,responsibleforexecutivefunctions,isparticularlyvulnerabletosleeploss.Furthermore,chronicsleepdeprivationhasbeenlinkedtoahostofphysicalhealthproblems.Itdisruptsthebody'smetabolicsystem,increasingtheriskofobesityandtype2diabetes.Theimmunesystemisalsocompromised,makingsleep-deprivedindividualsmoresusceptibletoinfections.Additionally,insufficientsleepelevatesstresshormones,whichcanleadtohypertensionandcardiovasculardiseaseovertime.Thepsychologicalimpactshouldnotbeunderestimatedeither.Sleepandmoodareintimatelyconnected.Alackofsleepcanamplifynegativeemotionalresponsesandreducetheabilitytocopewithstress.Overtime,thiscancontributetothedevelopmentofmooddisorderssuchasanxietyanddepression.Giventhesesevereconsequences,prioritizingsleepisnotaluxurybutabiologicalnecessity.Thecalculationofthenecessaryminimumsleepdurationforoptimalexecutivefunctioncanbemodeledmathematically,wheretheprobabilityoferrorP(E)inverselyrelatestosleepdurationDinhours:P(E)=41.Accordingtothetext,whatisacommonmisconceptionaboutsleep?[A]Itisapassivestatewherethebrainshutsdown.[B]Itishighlyactiveandcomplex.[C]Itisessentialforcognitivefunction.[D]Itisabiologicalnecessity.42.Howdoessleepdeprivationaffectcognitiveperformance?[A]Itimprovesdecision-makingskills.[B]Ithasnoeffectonworkingmemory.[C]Itimpairsattentionandslowsreactiontimes.[D]Itenhancesthefunctionoftheprefrontalcortex.43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaphysicalhealthproblemlinkedtosleepdeprivation?[A]Obesity.[B]Type2diabetes.[C]Hypertension.[D]Asthma.44.Whatistherelationshipbetweensleepandmoodaccordingtothetext?[A]Theyareunrelated.[B]Lackofsleepcanamplifynegativeemotionalresponses.[C]Moresleepalwayseliminatesdepression.[D]Sleeponlyaffectsphysicalhealth,notmood.45.Basedonthemathematicalmodelprovidedinthetext,whathappenswhensleepdurationDdecreases?[A]TheprobabilityoferrorP([B]TheprobabilityoferrorP([C]Theenvironmentalstressconstantkbecomeszero.[D]TheprobabilityoferrorP(PartBReadthefollowingtextandcompletethesentencesbychoosingthebestoptionforeachblank.Resilienceisthepsychologicalqualitythatallowsindividualstobouncebackfromadversity.Itisnotasingletraitbutacombinationofbehaviors,thoughts,andactionsthatcanbedevelopedovertime.Buildingresilienceisessentialfornavigatingtheinevitablechallengesoflife.Onekeycomponentofresilienceismaintainingpositiverelationships.Havingastrongsupportnetworkprovidesabufferagainststress.Friends,family,andcolleaguescanofferemotionalsupportandpracticalassistanceduringdifficulttimes.46________.Thismeansacceptingthatchangeisapartoflivingandfocusingoncircumstancesthatonecancontrol,ratherthandwellingonthosethatcannotbealtered.Anothercrucialaspectistheabilitytotakedecisiveaction.47________.Instead,theylookforpracticalstepstheycantaketoimprovethesituation.Furthermore,resilientindividualstendtocultivateapositiveself-view.Theytrusttheirinstinctsandabilities,whichgivesthemtheconfidencetotackleproblemshead-on.Developinggoodproblem-solvingskillsisalsovital.48________.Bybreakingdowncomplexissuesintomanageableparts,individualscandevelopclearplansandreducefeelingsofbeingoverwhelmed.Additionally,maintainingalong-termperspectivehelps.49________,ratherthangettingboggeddownbytheimmediatecrisis.Finally,self-careplaysafoundationalroleinresilience.50________.Engaginginactivitiesthatpromotephysicalandmentalhealth,suchasexercise,meditation,andadequatesleep,replenishestheenergyreservesneededtocopewithstress.[A]Resilientpeopledonotletadversityparalyzethem[B]Itisimportanttokeepthingsinperspective[C]Payingattentiontoone'sownneedsandfeelingsisnecessary[D]Thisinvolvesidentifyingtherootcauseofaproblemandbrainstormingsolutions[E]AnotherimportantfactoristheabilitytoacceptcircumstancesthatcannotbechangedSectionIVWritingPartA51.Youborrowedabookfromyourclassmate,Sarah,lastweek.Unfortunately,youaccidentallydamagedthebook.WriteanemailtoSarahto:1)apologizeforthedamage,2)explainhowthedamagehappened,3)proposeasolutiontomakeupforit.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.PartB52.Inrecentyears,thenumberofuniversitystudentstakingpart-timejobshasbeenincreasing.Somepeoplebelievethatpart-timejobsarebeneficial,whileothersarguethattheydistractstudentsfromtheirstudies.Writeanessaytodiscussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Youshouldwriteabout120words.AnswerKeyandExplanationsSectionIListeningComprehension1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[D]5.[B]6.[B]7.[A]8.[B]9.[C]10.[B]Explanations:1.Thewomanadvisesthemantoleavefortheairportearlierduetopotentialtrafficjams.2.Themanstatesthedictionarycosttwentydollars,whichwasafive-dollardiscount.3.Thedialoguecentersaroundanextensionforanassignment,indicatingateacher-studentrelationship.4.Thewomanmentionsshehasbroughtanumbrellaandaraincoat,showingsheispreparedfortherain.5.Thedialoguementionstakingmedicine,seeingadoctor,andaprescription,whichfitsahospitalsetting.6.Themancallstoaskaboutthedetailsofthemarketingassistantposition.7.Thewomanexpressesconcernthatthecandidatelackspracticalexperienceinthefield.8.ThemanisinvitedtoattendaformalinterviewonMondaymorning.9.Themonologueintroducesthecity'snewsubwaysystem,apublictransportationnetwork.10.Thespeakerhighlightsthatthenewsystemusesundergroundtunnelstobypasstraffic,reducingtraveltimeby40%.SectionIIUseofEnglish11.[C]transformationsExplanation:Thesentencereferstoremoteworkasoneofthemostsignificantchanges."Transformations"impliesathoroughordramaticchange,whichfitsthecontextofthemodernprofessionallandscapebetterthansimple"shifts"or"alterations".12.[A]progressiveExplanation:"Progressive"companiesarethosethatareforward-thinkingandwillingtoadoptnewideasliketelecommutingearlyon."Aggressive","conservative",and"possessive"donotfitthecontext.13.[B]undeniableExplanation:Thefollowingsentenceslistseveralclearbenefits."Undeniable"meanssomethingthatcannotbedisputed,whichfitsthetoneofpresentingstrongadvantages."Multifaceted"isplausiblebut"undeniable"isstrongerinintroducingbenefits.14.[A]commuteExplanation:"Commute"specificallyreferstotheregularjourneybetweenhomeandwork,whichisthecorrecttermhere.15.[A]autonomyExplanation:Remoteworkallowsemployeestomanagetheirowntimeandenvironment,givingthem"autonomy"(independenceorfreedom)."Dependence","reliance",and"subordination"areopposites.16.[B]focusedExplanation:Thesentencestatesthatproductivityincreasesbecauseworkersarewithoutconstantinterruptions,meaningtheyaremore"focused".17.[A]cutdownExplanation:"Cutdownon"isastandardphrasalverbmeaningtoreduce.Companiescanreduceoverheadcosts."Saveup"usuallyreferstomoneyforaspecificpurpose,"putaside"meanstosave,but"cutdown"directlyprecedesthepreposition"on"impliedinthecontext"cutdownon".18.[C]challengesExplanation:Theparagraphdiscussesthenegativeaspectsanddifficultiesofremotework."Challenges"fitsperfectly."Privileges"and"benefits"arepositive,"opportunities"isneutralbutdoesn'tcontrastwiththeproblemslisted.19.[A]isolationExplanation:Withoutface-to-faceinteraction,teammembersmightfeelseparatedor"isolation"."Integration","collaboration",and"union"aretheopposites.20.[B]difficultExplanation:Thelackofface-to-faceinteractionmakesbuildingacohesiveculture"difficult"."Straightforward"and"simple"areantonyms.21.[A]platformsExplanation:Text-basedcommunicationreliesondigital"platforms"likeemailsorinstantmessaging."Telephones"and"meetings"arenotstrictlytext-based.22.[A]boundaryExplanation:The"boundary"betweenworkandhomelifebecomesblurred,meaningthelineseparatingthemisnolongerclear.23.[A]establishExplanation:Managersmust"establish"(setuporcreate)clearguidelines.24.[B]scheduledExplanation:Meetingsshouldbe"scheduled"(plannedinadvance)tomaintainconnection.Canceledoravoidedmeetingswouldworsentheproblem.25.[B]createExplanation:Employeesshould"create"adedicatedworkspace,meaningtheysetupaspecificareaforwork."Abandon","demolish",and"neglect"arenegativeandillogical.26.[C]MoreoverExplanation:Thissentenceaddsanotherrecommendation(investingindigitaltools),so"Moreover"(furthermore)istheappropriatetransitionalword.27.[C]facilitateExplanation:Digitaltoolsshould"facilitate"(makeeasier)seamlesscommunication."Prevent","hinder",and"delay"arenegatives.28.[B]requiresExplanation:Thesuccessofremotework"requires"(needs)carefulimplementation.29.[C]thriveExplanation:Byaddressingchallenges,bothemployeesandorganizationscan"thrive"(prosperorsucceed)."Fail","suffer",and"decline"areantonyms.30.[B]moreExplanation:Thephrase"notstrictlyaboutwherewework,butmoreabouthowwework"isacomparativestructureemphasizingthemethodoverthelocation.SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartAText131.[B]Explanation:Thefirstparagraphexplicitlycontraststhelinear"take,make,dispose"modelwiththecircularmodelwhichaimsto"minimizewasteandmakethemostofresources."32.[D]Explanation:Theprincipleslistedinthesecondparagraphareeliminatewaste,circulateproducts,andregeneratenature.Extractingrawmaterialsisafeatureofthelineareconomy.33.[C]Explanation:Thethirdparagraphmentionsthatfashionbrandsimplement"take-backprograms"andrecycleoldclothesintonewfabrics.34.[C]Explanation:Thefourthparagraphstatesconsumersmustadopthabitssuchas"prioritizingqualityoverquantityandparticipatinginrecyclingprograms."35.[A]Explanation:Theauthorconcludesthatthecirculareconomyis"asubstantialeconomicopportunity,"indicatinganoptimisticandsupportiveattitude.Text236.[B]Explanation:Thefirstparagraphstatestheprimarymotivationis"thesearchforfoodandsuitablebreedinggrounds."37.[C]Explanation:ThesecondparagraphexplainsthatbirdsusethesunandstarsascelestialcompassesandpossessasenseofmagnetoreceptiontodetecttheEarth'smagneticfield.38.[B]Explanation:Thecontextdescribeshownaturaldangerstakeatoll,andhumanactivitieshavemadethesethreatsworse."Exacerbated"meanstomakeabadsituationworse.39.[B]Explanation:Thethirdparagraphstateslightpollutiondisorientsnocturnalmigrants,andthefourthparagraphmentionscitiesadopt"lightsout"programstomitigatethis.40.[C]Explanation:Thefinalsentenceconcludesthat"survival...ultimatelydependsonglobalcooperation,"inferringthatlocalizedeffortsareinsufficient.Text341.[A]Explanation:Thefirstsentencestatessleepisoftenmisunderstoodasa"passivestateofrest,aperiodwhenthebrainsimplyshutsdown."42.[C]Explanation:Thesecondparagraphstateslackofsleepimpairsattention,workingmemory,andslowsreactiontimes.43.[D]Explanation:Thethirdparagraphmentionsobesity,type2diabetes,andhypertension.Asthmaisnotmentioned.44.[B]Explanation:Thefourthparagraphstates,"Alackofsleepcanamplifynegativeemotionalresponsesandreducetheabilitytocopewithstress."45.[B]Explanation:BasedontheformulaP(E)=,P(E)PartB46.[E]Explanation:Theprevioussentencetalksaboutasupportnetwork.Thefollo