【小升初语法】专项复习讲练测 - 冠词（含讲义+答案）答案

小升初语言知识运用冠词冠词是置于名词前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。但在用法上分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。一、不定冠词1.不定冠词a/an（1）a用于以辅音音素或半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词。例如:apear一个梨，auniform一件制服，aone-yuanpencil一支一元的铅笔等。（2）an用于以元音音素开头的单词。例如:anapple一只苹果，anhour一小时，anhonestboy一个诚实的男孩等。注意:元音音素开头的单词，首宇母不一定就是元音字母，例如:hour，honest等单词，看起来是辅音字母h开头，但是发音时，h不发音，而是以元音开头，前面应加冠词an。而有些如university，uniform等单词，看起来是元音字母u开头，但是读音时发半元音/j/，所以前面应加冠词a。2.不定冠词的用法（1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”，例如:Ihaveanewpencil-box.我有一只新的铅笔盒。（2）表示一类人或物，例如:Anelephantisstrong.大象是强壮的。（3）第一次提到的人或物，例如:Look,aboyiscryinginthestreet.看,一个男孩在街上哭。表示“每一”的意思，通常用在时间或计算单位前，例如:Igoswimmingonceaweek.我每周游一次泳。3.用于固定搭配词组havealook看一下 alotof许多,大量haveagoodtime玩得愉快 agreatdealof(+不可数名词)大量takeabreak休息一下 anumberof(+可数名词)许多takeawalk散步 afew（+可数名词）一些inahurry急匆匆地 alittle（+不可数名词）一些halfanhour半小时典型例题()Thereis_________"c"and_________"m"intheword"classroom".A.a;a B.an;an C.a;an D.an;a正确答案C解题思路c的发音是/si:/，属于辅音音素开头，前面应用a，而m的发音是/em/，属于元音音素开头，前面应用an，所以C是正确的。像这样以元音音素开头的字母还有:a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x。二、定冠词定冠词the可放在可数名词的单数或复数以及不可数名词的前面。1.定冠词the的用法（1）特指某些人或物，例如:Themaninblackismyfather.那位穿黑衣服的男子是我的父亲。（2）指前面提到过的人或物，例如:Ihaveadog.Thedogiswhite.我有一只狗。这只狗是白色的。（3）指谈话双方都知道的人或事物，例如:Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?你觉得这部电影怎么样?（4）指宇宙间独一无二的东西，例如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。（5）用于单数名词前表示一类人或事，例如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是一种有用的动物。（6）用于序数词前，例如:Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.一月是一年的第一个月份。（7）用于形容词的最高级前，例如:Whoisthetalleststudentinyourclass?你们班谁是最高的学生?用于方位和位置前，例如:atthetopof在…的顶部atthebackof在…的后部atthebottomof在…的底部inthemiddleof在…的中间（9）用于某些专有名词前,例如:江河:theYangtzeRiver长江，theSuezCanal苏伊士运河山脉:theAlps阿尔卑斯山，theTianshanMountains天山海洋:thePacificOcean太平洋，theYellowSea黄海，theBlackSea黑海湖泊:theWestLake西湖群岛:theHawaiianIslands夏威夷群岛报纸、杂志:theNewYorkTimes《纽约时报》，People'sDaily《人民日报》巨大建筑:theGreatWall长城，theBritishMuseum大英博物馆朝代、时代:theStoneAge石器时代，theMingDynasty明朝组织机构:theUnitedNations联合国（10）用于含有普通名词的专有名称，例如:theUnitedStatesofAmerica美利坚合众国thePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国theSummerPalace颐和园（11）用于姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人，例如:TheWangsarehavingdinnernow.姓王的一家正在吃晚餐。（12）用于乐器名词前，例如:playthepiano/theviolin/theguitar弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他用于一些形容词前，表示某一类人，注意后面的动词要用复数，例如:thepoor穷人therich富人thesick病人Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.年轻人应该尊重老年人。用于固定搭配的词组makethebed铺床 atthebeginningof在…开始的时候laythetable摆餐具 intheend最后ontheright/left在右/左边 totellthetruth说实话bytheway顺便说一下inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上gotothecinema去看电影典型例题典型例题：()_________youngladyby_________windowismyaunt.A.The;a B.A;the C.The;the D.A;a正确答案C解题思路theyounglady中的the表示特指某人,bythewindow中的thewindow表示谈话双方都知道的事物。三、零冠词以下几种情况不用任何冠词:1.一些专有名词前不加冠词例如:China中国 Europe欧洲2.月份、星期几、季节前不加冠词例如:January一月 Sunday星期日Ilikeautumnbest.我最喜欢秋季。3.一日三餐前不加冠词例如:Allthestudentshavelunchatschool.所有学生在学校吃午餐。注意:三餐前不加冠词，但是可以加形容词性的物主代词，例如:Ihadmybreakfastathomethismorning.今天早上我在家吃早餐。4.球类运动或游戏前不加冠词例如:playfootball/basketball/volleyball/tennis踢足球/打篮球/打排球/打网球playcards打牌 playchess下棋 playvideogames玩电子游戏5.一些由普通名词构成的节日前不加冠词例如:NationalDay国庆节 ChristmasDay圣诞节 NewYear'sDay元旦6.可数名词的复数形式前不加冠词，表示一类例如: Ilikeapples.我喜欢苹果。Rabbitsarelovely.兔子很可爱。7.表示交通或通讯方式的名词前不加冠词例如:by/bus/car/taxi/train/plane乘公共汽车/小汽车/出租车/火车/飞机onfoot步行byradio/telephone/e-mail通过收音机/电话/电子邮件8.零冠词的固定搭配的词组gotoschool上学 atschool在校gototown进城 atnight在夜晚gotobed去睡觉 atnoon在正午athome在家 inhospital(生病)住院典型例题()_________childrenareveryhappyon_________Children'sDay.The;The B./;/ C./;the D.A;/正确答案B解题思路该句话的意思是“孩子们在儿童节很快乐”。开头的children是泛指“孩子们”，用可数名词的复数形式表示一类，后面是由普通名词构成的节日，前面不加冠词，所以两个都是零冠词用法。练习一、在下列名词前加上a或an。1._________eraser 2._________knife3._________hour 4._________tiger 5._________orange 6._________university7._________melon 8._________garden9._________elephant 10._________fox11._________coat 12._________overcoat13._________waiter 14._________actor15._________usefulbook 16._________interestingmovie17._________ant 18._________spider19._________Chineseboy 20._________Americangirl答案：1.an2.a3.an4.a5.an6.a7.a8.a9.an10.a11.a12.an13.a14.an15.a16.an17.an18.a19.a20.an二、用a，an，the或/填空。1._________moonisbrightin_________sky.2.Thereis_________orangeskirton_________bed._________skirtisMary's.3.Johngoesto_________townby_________careveryweekend.4.Peterlikesplaying_________football.5.Jennyoftenplays_________pianoafter_________supperintheevening.6.Whereisyourgrandma?Sheistaking_________walkin_________garden.7.Petergoesto_________schoolat7:30everymorning.8.--Whereisyourclassroom?-It'son_________thirdfloor.9.Insomecountries_________richaregettingricherand_________pooraregettingpoorer.10.Myunclehasgot_________dogand_________cat.dogiswhiteand_________catisbrown.11.After_________supper,IoftenwatchTVnewsforhalf_________hour.12.Thisis_________shortestwayto_________ScienceMuseum.13._________boyinblueis_________talleststudentinmyclass.14.At_________topofthebookshelf,thereis_________oldpicture.15.We'llhave_________artlessontomorrowafternoon.答案：1.The;the2.an;the;The3./;,;/4./5.the;/6.a;the7./8.the9.the;the10.a;a;The;the11./;an12.the;the13.The;the14.the;an15.an三、选择填空。()1.Letmehave_________look.It’s_________ant.A.a;a B.a;an C.the;an()2._________sunrisesin_________east.A.The;the B.A；/ C.A;the()3.By_________way,it's_________onlypenIhaveinmypencil-boxA.the;/ B.the;the C./;the()4.We'llhave_________Englishlessonin_________afternoon.A.an;/ B.a;the C.an;the()5._________usuallygotochurcheverySunday.A.TheBrown B.Browns C.TheBrowns()6._________Smithscomefrom_________America.A.The;the B./;/ C.The;/()7.Weplay_________badmintonundertree./；/ B./;the C.the;the()8.Let'sgofor_________walkafter_________supper.A.a；/ B./;the C.a;the()9.Weoftenplay_________basketballin_________afternoon.A./；/ B./;the C.the;the()10.Ihave_________unclewholivesin_________Japan.A.an; B.a;the C.an;the()11.Thereis_________"h"and_________"d"intheword"hand".A.a;a B.an;an C.an;a()12.Thereis_________oldmanat_________schoolgate.A.an; / B.an;the C.the;the()13.Weshallbelateifwedon'ttake_________taxi.A.the B.a C./()14.Heis_________teacher,_________Englishteacher.A.a;an B.a;the C.a;a()15._________Shanghaiisoneof_________biggestcitiesinChina.A.The;the B./;the C./;a()16.Londonis_________capitalof_________Britain.A.the;the B.the;/ C./；/()17.What_________interestingstoryitis!A.a B.an C.the()18.Itwas_________hottestdayinlastsummerandIwenttherebyA./;the B.the;a C.the;/()19._________boyoverthereisfrom_________Korea.A.The;/ B.A；/ C.The;the()20.Jennyeats_________eggand_________glassofmilkinthemorning.A.an;an B.a;a C.an;a()21._________Englishteachers'officeison_________thirdfloor.A.The;/ B./;the C.The;the()22.Themantook_________bustobuy_________Englishbook.A.a;a B.a;an C./;an()23.--Whereis_________eraser? --Oh,it'sunder_________chair.A.the;the B.an;the C.an;a()24.Weoftenplay_________tabletennisafter_________school.A.the;the B./;the C./；/()25.Let'sgoto_________cinemathisweekend,OK?A.a B.the C./答案：BABCCCBABACBBABBBCACCBACB四、阅读短文，根据需要填入适当的冠词a，an或the，在不需要处填/。（1）Thisis_________(1)clock.It'son_________(2)wallofmyroom.Maybeyoudon'tknowit.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutit.Ithastwohands.Oneislong,_________(3)otherisshort._________(4)longhandis_________(5)minutehandandthereare60minutesin_________(6)hour._________(7)shorthandis_________(8)hourhandandthereare24hoursin_________(9)day.Whattimeisitnow?It'seighto’clock.Imustdomyhomeworknow.AfterthatIwillgoto_________(10)bed.Goodbye!答案：1.a2.the3.the4.The5.the6.an7.The8.the9.a10./（2）MynameisMary.Ihavenoschooltoday.Igetupearlyin_________(1)morning.MyparentsandIgoto_________(2)smallvillageby_________(3)bus.Wevisit_________(4)farmer'shouse._________(5)farmer'sfamilyisverygladtoseeus.Theirhouseisverybigandclean.It'snearalake.Theycancatchfishin_________(6)lake.Therearesomefruittreesbehindhishouseandthereis_________(7)vegetablegarden.Near_________(8)gardenthereis_________(9)smallhouse.That'sfor_________(10)animals.Thefarmeroftensellshischickens,ducks,fishandvegetables.Theyareverybusybuttheyareveryhappy.答案：1.the2.a3./4.a5.The6.the7.a8.the9.a10./五、完形填空。（1）What's___1___mostimportantthingin___2___world?Ithinkitistobehealthy.Wecanlivewithoutmoney,houses,carsorcomputers,butwewon'tlive___3___happylifeifwearenothealthy.Thenhowcanwekeephealthy?First,wemusteathealthily.Weshouldeatmeat,vegetables,fruitandotherkindsoffood.Takingexercisesisalsoveryimportant.Itcanhelpusbuild___4___strongbody.Ifyoudon'tlikesportsyoucanwalkforhalf___5___hourafter___6___meals.Second,wemuststayhappy___7___.Ithinkmakingfriendsisoneof___8___bestwaystohelpusstayhappy.Becausewhenwearewithourfriends,wecanshareourhappinesswiththem,orwecantellthemourworries.Thenwewillbehappy.___9___,keepinghealthyisveryimportant.Let's___10___ofourselves.()1.A./ B.the C.a()2.A.the B.a C./()3.A.a B./ C.the()4.A./ B.a C.the()5.A.the B.a