《数字测图》课件-5.1.1数字测图成果检查方法认识

数字测图DigitalMappingUnderstandingoftheInspectionMethodofDigitalMappingResults数字测图成果检查方法认识数字地形图是一种生产周期较长、产品内容复杂的测绘产品，在交付使用之前，也必须按技术规程的要求对产品进行检查。Digitalterrainmapisasurveyingandmappingproductwithalongproductioncycleandcomplexproductcontent.Beforedeliveryanduse,theproductmustalsobeinspectedaccordingtotherequirementsoftechnicalregulations.数字测图成果检查方法认识UnderstandingoftheInspectionMethodofDigitalMappingResults

为了评定测绘产品质量，须严格按照相关技术细则或技术标准，通过观察、分析、判断和比较等方法，适当结合测量、试验等方式对测绘产品的符合性进行评价，称为测绘成果的检查。Inordertoevaluatethequalityofsurveyingandmappingproducts,itisnecessarytostrictlyfollowrelevanttechnicalspecificationsortechnicalstandards,andtoevaluatetheconformityofsurveyingandmappingproductsthroughobservation,analysis,judgment,andcomparison,combinedwithmeasurementandtestingmethods,andiscalledtheinspectionofsurveyingandmappingresults.测绘成果检查概述OverviewoftheInspectionofSurveyingandMappingResultsQualified合格不合格Unqualified经检查后的测绘产品，其质量等级可评定为：Thequalitygradeofsurveyingandmappingproductsafterinspectioncanbeevaluatedas:测绘成果检查概述OverviewoftheInspectionofSurveyingandMappingResults0102Excellent优良Good0304根据《测绘成果质量检查与验收》的规定，测绘产品实行二级检查一级验收制，即过程检查、最终检查和验收制度。Accordingtotheprovisionsof"InspectionandAcceptanceofSurveyingandMappingResults",surveyingandmappingproductsaresubjecttoatwo-levelinspectionandone-levelacceptancesystem,thatis,processinspection,finalinspectionandacceptancesystem.测绘成果检查概述OverviewoftheInspectionofSurveyingandMappingResults过程检查ProcessInspection只有完成自查、互查数字测图成果，才能提交过程检查。Onlyaftercompletingself-inspectionandcross-inspectionofdigitalmappingresultscantheprocessinspectionbesubmitted.过程检查ProcessInspection过程检查由生产单位的分队项目部质检人员进行。过程检查采用全数检查，对检查出的问题、错误及改正后的复查结果应全部记录，直至检查无误为止，方可提交最终检查。Theprocessinspectionisconductedbyqualitycontrolpersonnelofthesquadprojectdepartmentoftheproductionunit.Theprocessinspectionusesfullcoverageinspection,andallrecordsoftheproblems,errors,andre-inspectionresultsfoundaftercorrectionshouldberecordeduntiltheinspectioniscorrect.Onlythencanthefinalinspectionbesubmitted.最终检查FinalInspection最终检查由生产单位的质量管理机构负责实施，最终检查应采用全数检查，对野外实地检查项，可抽样检查，样本量按《测绘成果质量检查与验收》的规定执行，检查流程与过程检查相同。Thefinalinspectionisimplementedbythequalitymanagementagencyoftheproductionunit.Thefinalinspectionshouldusefullcoverageinspection.Forfieldinspections,samplinginspectionscanbeconducted,andthesamplesizeshouldbecarriedoutaccordingtotheprovisionsof"InspectionandAcceptanceofSurveyingandMappingResults".Theinspectionprocessisthesameastheprocessinspection.最终检查FinalInspection最终检查不合格的单位成果退回处理，处理后再进行最终检查，直至检查合格为止。最终检查完成后，应编写检查报告，随成果一并提交验收。Ifthefinalinspectionisnotqualified,theunit'sresultsshouldbereturnedforprocessing,andthenundergofinalinspectionuntilitisqualified.Afterthefinalinspectioniscompleted,acheckreportshouldbecompiledandsubmittedwiththeresultsforacceptance.数字地形图的测绘属于工程项目，其成果的检查应该有科学的标准，明确的依据。Digitalterrainmappingisatypeofengineeringproject,andtheinspectionofitsresultsshouldhavescientificstandardsandclearreferences.验收制度AcceptanceSystem01《测绘成果质量检查与验收》"InspectionandAcceptanceofSurveyingandMappingResults"这是一项国家标准，它规定了测绘成果质量检查的基本制度、检查方法、各类测绘成果的质量元素和检查项。Thisisanationalstandardthatspecifiesthebasicsystem,inspectionmethods,qualityelementsandinspectionitemsofsurveyingandmappingresults.验收制度AcceptanceSystem02《数字测绘成果质量检查与验收》"InspectionandAcceptanceofDigitalMappingResults"03《数字线划图（DLG）质量检验技术规程》"TechnicalRulesforInspectionofDigitalLineGraph(DLG)Quality"上述两项规程是在第一项标准的基础上进行了一些细化。Theabovetworulesaresomedetailsonthebasisofthefirststandard.验收制度AcceptanceSystem04各行业具体的测绘规范、标准SpecificMappingStandardsandRegulationsforEachIndustry05技术设计书、测绘任务书、合同TechnicalDesignBook,MappingTaskBook,Contract此两项是针对具体行业和项目具体情况制定的技术要求。Thesetwoitemsaretechnicalrequirementsspecifictospecificindustriesandprojects.验收制度AcceptanceSystem在进行数字测图成果检查前，应要求作业单位提交齐全的检查资料。Beforeconductingtheinspectionofdigitalmappingresults,theperformingunitshouldberequiredtosubmitcompleteinspectionmaterials.提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection(1)

技术设计书、平差报告、文档簿、质量跟踪卡、自检互检记录等。

Technicaldesignbook,adjustmentreport,documentbook,qualitytrackingcard,self-inspectionandcross-inspectionrecords,etc.提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection(2)

成果说明文件Resultdescriptiondocuments提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection(3)

数据文件，包括数据采集原始数据文件、图根点成果文件、碎部点成果文件、图廓内外整饰信息文件，元数据文件等。Datafiles,includingoriginaldatacollectionfiles,rootpointresultfiles,fragmentpointresultfiles,interiorandexteriordecorationinformationfiles,metadatafiles,etc.提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection(4)

纸质检查图Paperinspectionmaps提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection(5)

图形信息数据文件和地形图图形文件Informationdatafilesandterrainmapgraphicfiles若是验收，还应提供最终检查报告、技术总结。Ifitisacceptance,thefinalinspectionreportandtechnicalsummaryshouldalsobeprovided.提交检查的资料Thematerialssubmittedforinspection数字测图成果检查流程Theworkflowforcheckingdigitalmappingresults检查前准备工作测绘成果抽样样本内详查样本外概查

质量评定编制检查报告PreparationworkbeforetheinspectionSamplethedigitalmappingresults

Detailedexaminationwithinthesample

GeneralexaminationoutsidethesampleQualityassessmentPreparationofinspectionreport检查工作实施ImplementationoftheInspectionWork在上述检查时，检查内容是依据《测绘成果质量检查与验收》中规定的质量元素及相应的检查项，数字测图成果的质量元素包括数学精度、数据及结构正确性、地理精度、整饰质量、附件质量。Duringtheaboveinspections,theinspectionitemsarebasedonthequalityelementsandcorrespondinginspectionitemsspecifiedin"InspectionandAcceptanceofSurveyingandMappingResults".Thequalityelementsofdigitalmappingresultsincludemathematicalaccuracy,dataandstructuralcorrectness,geographicalaccuracy,decorationquality,andattachmentquality.数字测图成果检查的内容Contentsoftheinspectionfordigitalmappingresults0102DetailedInspection详查概查GeneralInspection数字测图成果检查的方式Methodsofinspectingdigitalmappingresults.01DetailedInspection详查详查就是对样本根据规定的质量元素及相应的检查项，按数字测图项目的技术设计和执行的技术标准，在内外业逐一检查样本内成果符合性，并统计发现的各类错漏数量、中误差等。Detailedinspectioninvolvescheckingthesampleaccordingtothespecifiedqualityelementsandcorrespondinginspectionitems,checkingthecomplianceofthesampleresultswiththetechnicaldesignandtechnicalstandardsofthedigitalmappingproject,andonebyone,inthefieldandoffice,andcalculatingthenumberofvariouserrorsandomissions,theaveragedeviation,andsoon.概查就是对样本外单位成果的重要检查项或重要要素以及详查中发现的普遍性、倾向性问题进行检查，并统计存在的各类错漏数量、中误差等。Generalinspectioninvolvescheckingtheimportantinspectionitemsorimportantelementsoftheunit'sresultsoutsidethesample,aswellastheuniversalityandtrendproblemsfoundinthedetailedinspection,andcalculatingthenumberofvariouserrorsandomissions,theaveragedeviation,andsoon.概查GeneralInspection02数字测图成果的野外实地检查FieldInspectionsoftheResultsofDigitalMapping对于需要在野外实地进行的检查项，例如点位中误差、邻近地物点间距中误差、等高线插求点高程中误差等，采取实测检查点坐标、高程及实地量测检查边长度的方法进行。检查点（边）应分布均匀、位置明显，其数量视地物复杂程度、比例尺等具体情况确定，一般每幅图各选取20～50个。Foritemsthatneedtobecheckedinthefield,suchasthecoordinateaccuracyofpoints,thedistanceaccuracyofadjacentgroundobjectpoints,theelevationaccuracyoftheinterpolationpointofcontourlines,etc.,theyarecheckedbymeasuringthecoordinates,elevations,andfield-measuredlengthsoftheinspectionpoints.Thenumberofinspectionpoints(edges)shouldbedistributedevenlyandbeinanoticeableposition,anditshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothecomplexityofthegroundobjects,scale,andotherspecificsituations.Ingeneral,20to50pointsshouldbeselectedforeachmap.野外检测完成后，要对数据进行统计并计算相应的中误差。计算公式如下：Afterthefielddetectioniscompleted,thedatashouldbestatisticallyanalyzedandthecorrespondingaveragedeviationshouldbecalculated.Thecalculationformulaisasfollows:高精度检测High-precisionDetection同精度检测SameprecisionDetection数字测图成果的野外实地检查FieldInspectionsoftheResultsofDigitalMapping式中，M为成果中误差；n为检测点(边)总数；△i为较差。Intheformulas,Mistheaveragedeviationoftheresults,nisthetotalnumberofdetectionpoints(edges),andΔiisthepoorer.注意：检测点（边）数量少于20个时，以误差的算术平均值代替中误差；大于20个按上述公式统计中误差。Note:Whenthenumberofdetectionpoints(edges)islessthan20,theaveragedeviationisreplacedwiththearithmeticmeanoftheerrors;whenitisgreaterthan20,theaveragedeviationiscalculatedaccordingtotheaboveformula.数字测图成果的野外实地检查FieldInspectionsoftheResultsofDigitalMapping由于测绘成果的质量检查、评价对委托单位和作业单位都非常重要，因此，产品检查的方式、过程、发现的问题及处理、数据记录及统计等，都应及时、完整、规范地记录并归档。Becausethequalityinspectionandevaluationofmappingresultsareveryimportanttothecommissioningunitandtheperformingunit,therefore,theinspectionmethods,process,foundproblemsandhandling,datarecordingandstatistics,etc.,shouldbetimely,complete,andstandardizedrecordedandarchived.产品检查记录与存档Pr