2025年高考英语大二轮-作业43四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空

作业43四选一阅读＋完形填空＋语法填空Ⅰ.四选一阅读(每小题2.5分，满分10分)(2024·山东青岛一模)Ataconferencelastweek，Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice：“Assumeyouarewrong.”TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek，afellowpsychologyprofessor.Hewasn’tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI’dmade—hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetterscience，andforencouragingotherstodothesame.TounderstandthecontextforNosek’sadvice，weneedtotakeastepback—tothenatureofscienceitself.Despitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool，thereisnosinglescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheorieschange，sodoscientificmethods.Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce，sustainingtheenormouseffortthatconductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsaspersonalattacks，andforscientificargumentstodevelopintopersonalbattles.Beginning，instead，fromtheassumptionyouarewrong，acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer，aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong—agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.Nosek’sadvicemaysoundpessimistic，butit’snotsoforeigntoscience.Philosophersofsciencesometimesrefertothe“pessimisticmeta-induction(元归纳)”onthehistoryofscience:Allofourpastscientifictheorieshavebeenwrong，sosurelyourcurrenttheorieswillturnouttobewrong，too.Thatdoesn’tmeanwehaven’tmadeprogress，butitdoesindicatethatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement—waystobelesswrong.Iliketheadvicebecauseitbuildsinanawarenessofourlimitationsandthereadinesstoaccepttheunknown(“therearethingsIdonotknow！”)alongwithasensethatwecandobetter(“therearethingsIdonotknowyet！”)．Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity—we’reallinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal—ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong—canhelpmakeupforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.1．WhydidNoseksendtheadvice?A．Toexpressopinionsabouttheauthor’sclaims.B．Toremindtheauthortobeopentocriticism.C．Toencouragetheauthortotakeupscience.D．Tobettertheauthor’sunderstandingofpsychology.2．Howdoesassumingyouarewronghelp?A．Itmotivatesscientiststomakeefforts.B．Itaddressespersonalattacksandconflicts.C．Itsetsaconstructiveimprovementgoal.D．Itcontributestoadeeperinsightintoyourself.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsciencetheories?A．Dynamic. B．Testable.C．Pioneering. D．Well-established.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AccepttheUnknownB．AimtoBeLessWrongC．GetEngagedinPsychologyD．DigintotheNatureofScienceⅡ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)(2024·广东广州一模)Iwasheadinghomeaftergivingmycolleaguealift.Itooka1asthesnowstormwasapproaching.Thenthesnowstartedandwascomingdown2.WithinminutesIwasinawhite-out.Thewindowswere3andgettingcoveredwithsnow，soIsloweddownandrolleddownmydriver’ssidewindow，thinkingIcouldbetter4theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline.Butreally，Ihadno5whereIwas.Istoppedandkeptthecarrunningtostay6.Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.Thecallleftmein7.Breathe，Itoldmyself.Anideaoccurredtome.I8mylocationonlineandexplainedwhatIwas9，wishingforanyonetocometomyrescue.Soonenough，peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.Igota10fromsomeonewhowasgoingtoputmeintouchwithpeoplenearby.Ihadneverbeenmore11.ThenIsawabig12inthedark.Hehadwalkedabout500metrestogetme，13thewindandsnoweachstepoftheway.“You’llbeOK.Followme.”Heturnedaroundandstartedtotrudgethroughthesnow，sureofthe14.Idroveslowlybehindhim.Whenwereachedhishouse，Iburstintotearsof15.1．A.shortcut B．turnC．look D．risk2．A.soon B．fastC．lightly D．suddenly3．A.locked B．closedC．frozen D．broken4．A.follow B．coverC．mark D．remember5．A.plan B．clueC．doubt D．problem6．A.awake B．calmC．warm D．still7．A.confusion B．troubleC．embarrassment D．panic8．A.confirmed B．foundC．posted D．checked9．A.lookingat B．goingthroughC．searchingfor D．carryingout10．A.tip B．viewC．like D．message11．A.inspired B．relievedC．convinced D．amazed12．A.policeman B．creatureC．shadow D．figure13．A.fighting B．avoidingC．checking D．reporting14．A.goal B．dangerC．depth D．direction15．A.hope B．loveC．gratitude D．prideⅢ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)(2024·江苏连云港二模)ItisbelievedthatChineseknotting，alsoknownaszhongguojie，originatedforrecordinginformationandexchangingmessages1.writingwasinvented.Overthepastthousandsofyears，knots2.(play)animportantpartinthelifeofChinese.3.____________________(initial)，Chineseknotsactedasgood-luckcharmstodriveawayevilspirits.Today，Chineseknotsarewidelyusedtodecoratehomesduringfestivities.AmajorcharacteristicofChineseknotsisthattheyareoftentiedfromasinglecontinuouslengthofstring.Theknotsarecommonlynamed4.theshapeittakes.Chineseknotsarecreatedina5.(various)ofcolorssuchasgold，green，blue，orblack，thoughthemostcommonlyusedcolorisred,6.symbolizesgoodluckandprosperity.CraftingtheChineseknotisathree-stepprocess7.(involve)tyingknots，tighteningthemandaddingthefinishingtouches.Theknots8.(pull)tightlytogetherandarestrongenoughtobeusedforbindingorwrapping，makingthemverypractical.Today，mostofsuchknotsareoftenmassmanufacturedinfactories.Skilledknotartistsweavecomplexknotsthatyoumightsee9.(sell)assouvenirsthatyoucantakebackwithyou.Ifyouhavetime，whynottryyourhandatit?Perhapstheseage-oldcharmscanadd10._________________touchofgoodlucktoyourdailylife?答案精析Ⅰ.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了作者对在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这条建议的看法，并肯定了它所带来的好处。1．B[推理判断题。根据第一段末句和第三段末句可知，Nosek提出的这条建议是一个追求更好科学的策略，从“假设自己错了”开始，就会更容易接受批评，让自己减少错误，由此可推测出，Nosek提出这条建议是为了提醒作者对批评持开放态度。故选B。]2．C[推理判断题。根据第三段末句和第四段末句可知，“假设你错了”让你将批评视为减少错误的建设性建议，让你意识到永远有进步的空间，由此可推测出，“假设你错了”可以帮助设立一个建设性的改进目标。故选C。]3．A[观点态度题。根据第二段中的“Justasscientifictheorieschange，sodoscientificmethods.”可知，作者认为科学理论是不断发展变化的。故选A。]4．B[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句和最后一段最后一句可知，本文主要讨论了在科学研究中“假设你是错的”这个方法，它有助于让所有人关注减少错误这一共同目标，从而让科学取得进步，由此可推测出，B项“力求减少错误”是本文的最佳标题。故选B。]Ⅱ.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一场突如其来的暴风雪中迷路并被困在车中，随后通过社交媒体发出求救信号，最终得到一位陌生人的救援，并被引领至安全之地的经历。1．A[shortcut近路。根据下文“asthesnowstormwasapproaching”及“Butreally，IhadnowhereIwas.”可知，由于暴风雪即将来临，作者走了一条近路，结果遇到了麻烦。故选A。]2．B[根据下文“WithinminutesIwasinawhite-out.”可知，雪下得很快，故选B。]3．C[根据下文“gettingcoveredwithsnow”可知，此处说的是暴风雪中车窗的状态，分析待选项，C项“frozen”表示的含义符合语境，故选C。]4．A[根据下文“theroadedgeandkeeptoastraightline”可知，此处说的是沿着路边行驶以保持直行，故选A。]5．B[根据下文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”以及“Icalled911.”可知，作者因暴风雪迷路，不知道自己在哪里，故选B。]6．C[still静止的。根据上文“Istoppedandkeptthecarrunning”可知，作者停下来但保持汽车运转(开着空调)。由此可知，作者试图通过保持汽车运转的方式保暖，故选C。]7．D[根据上文“Icalled911.Theoperatortoldmetowaitthingsoutforthenight.”可知，作者向911求救，却被告知要等一晚上，因此感到惊慌失措，故选D。]8．C[根据下文“Soonenough，peoplestartedchiminginonmypost.”可知，作者在网上发布了自己的位置，故选C。