新目标八年级下册英语 Unit 5 讲义

新目标八年级下册Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?讲义一、词性转换SectionA1.begin→(pt.)began2.heavily→(adj.)heavy3.light→(adj.)lightreport→(pt.)reportedbeat→(pt.)beatrise→(pt.)rosesuddenly→(adj.)suddenicy→(n.)iceSectionBrealize→(pt.)realizedcompletely→(adj.)completerecently→(adj.)recent二、短语归纳1.

make

sure

确信;确认

2.

beat

against...

拍打……3.

fall

asleep

进人梦乡；睡着

4.

die

down

逐渐变弱/消退

5.

wake

up醒来

6.

in

a

mess

一团糟

7.

break..

.

apart

使……分离

8.

in

times

of

difficulty

在困难的时候

9.

at

the

time

of

当.......时候

10.

go

off

(闹钟)发出响声

11.

take

a

hot

shower

洗热水澡

12.

miss

the

bus

错过公交车

13.

pick

up

接电话14.

bring...

together

使„„靠拢

15.

in

the

area

在这个地区

16.

miss

the

event

错过这个事件

17.

by

the

side

of

the

road

在路边

18.

the

Animal

Helpline

动物保护热线

19.

walk

by

路过

20.

make

one’s

way

to…

在某人去……的路上

21.

hear

the

news

听到这个消息

22.important

events

in

history

历史上的重大事

23.for

example

例如

24.be

killed

被杀害

25.

over

50

50多(岁）

26.

a

school

pupil

一个小学生

27.

on

the

radio

通过广播

28.

in

silence

沉默;无声

29.recently

最近地;新近

30.the

World

Trade

Center

世贸中心

31.

take

down

拆除;摧毁；记录32.have

meaning

to

对……有意义

33.remember

doing

sth.

记得做过某事

34.

at

first

首先;最初

35.havealook看一看36.somethingstrange奇怪的事情37.inAmericanhistory在美国历史上38.strongwind大风39.heavyrain大雨三、句型集萃1.bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事2.seesb./sth.doingsth.看见某人或某物正在做某事3.begin/starttodosth.开始做某事trytodosth.努力做某事It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事是……的havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难四、重点句子1.Myalarmdidn’tgooffsoIgotuplate.我的闹钟没有响，因此我起床晚了。【解析】gooff发出响声,(闹钟)闹响，离开★Ex.Thealarmwentoffjustnow.刚才警钟响了。【拓展】与go相关的短语：goover复习goaway离开goby(时间)过去goforawalk出去散步gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/去买东西/去溜冰/去游泳()1.Iwaslatetodaybecausemyalarmclockdidn’t____.A.runoff B.gooff C.giveout D.giveup()2.【2017山西中考】HowIwishcouldsleeplonger!However,Ihadtogetupassoonasthealarmclock_____.A.ranoffB.wentoffC.tookoff2.Iwaswaitingforthebuswhenitbegantorainheavily.当天开始下大雨的时候我正在等公交车。【解析】heavilyadv.在很大程度上★heavyadj.沉重的Howheavyareyou?heavilyAdv.沉重地Thearmylostheavily形容风大的时候常用strong/hard,形容雨雪下得大的时候用heavily/hard。heavy改y为i+ly变为adv,类似的adj还有：hungry,happy,angry,lucky.()1.【2017漳州】Thesunisshining_____.You'dbetterwearsunglasseswhileyouareout.A.brightly B.lightlyC.heavily()2.【2017黔西南】Sometimesitrains_________inGuizhouinsummer.A.heavily B.heavyC.strongD.Strongly3.Icalledatsevenandyoudidn’tpickup.★我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接。【解析】pickup接电话pickup接电话Tom,Icalledyou,butyoudidn’tpickup捡起；拾起Ipickupawalletonmywayhome（开车）接某人Iwillpickyouupatthestation学到；获得Hewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.()1.【2017陕西2】TheworkersintheHuashanMountainshaveto______rubbishtokeepthemountainsclean.A.turnup B.pickup C.mixup D.giveup()2.【2017湖北武汉1】Itseemsthattheagedpeople________theH7N9moreeasilyfromtherecentcase.A.pickup B.mixup C.setup D.useup4.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.★★★外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。【解析】lightn.此处作不可数名词，意为“光，光亮，光线”Ex.Thesungivesoutlightandheat.太阳发出光和热。Hereadtheletterbythelightofthecandle.他在烛光下读那封信。【拓展】(1)light作可数名词，意为“点灯，电源”。Ex.Don’tcrosstheroadwhenthetrafficlightsarered.当交通灯是红色时，不要横穿公路。(2)light作形容词，意为“轻的，浅色的”。Ex.Istheboxheavyorlight?那箱子是重的还是轻的？(3)light(lit/lighted)作动词，意为“点燃，照亮”。Ex.Hesatdownandlitacigarette.他坐下来，点了一支烟。1.Pleasehelphim(to)lightthecigarette.(light)2.Turnoffthelights(light)whenyouleavethehouse.5.Ben’sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasmakingsuretheflashlightsandradiowereworking.本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面，而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。★【解析】makesure确信；确保用法：(1)makesuretodosth.确保做某事(2)makesureofsth.确保某事(3)makesure+that从句确保……Ex.Pleasemakesuretoturnoffthecomputerwhenyouleave.Doyouknowthetimeofthetrain?You’dbettermakesureofit.Makesurethatyouturnoffthelights.()【2017山东青岛3】Therearen’tmanyticketsleftfortheconcert,you'dbetter______thatyougetonetoday.A.makesureof B.makeadecision C.makesure D.makeplans6.Whenhewokeup,thesunwasrising.当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。【解析1】wakeup(v+adv)醒来；睡醒★()1.【2017广东河源】_____,Tom!It’stimetogetupandgotoschool.A.Wakeup B.Makeup C.Growup D.Lookup()2.【2017南京中考】—What’swrongwithyou,Eric?Youlooktired.—I_____toprepareforthefinalexamlastnight.A.pickedup B.wokeup C.stayedup D.putup【解析2】risev.增加；提高；增强；上升，升起★★rise和raise辨析：(1)rise 升起；上升 表示主语自身移向较高位置 Ex.Pricerosegradually.价格逐渐上升。(2)raise 举起；提高 表示主语发出的动作作用于其他事物 Ex.Let’sraiseourhands.我们来举起手。()Theriver___twoinchesthismorning.A.rose B.raised C.aregettingupD.grow7.Whateventhappenedattheschoolyesterday?★★昨天学校发生了什么事？【解析】happen发生；碰巧（指偶然性发生）happen和takeplace辨析：(1)happenv.“发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性用法：sth.happentosb.某事发生在某人身上sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧做某事Ex.Whathappenedtoyou?=Whatwaswrongwithhim?Shehappenedtobeoutwhenwecalled.(2)takeplace发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生Ex.Thesportsmeetingtookplaceinourschoollastweek.()1.Anaccident____attheschoolgatethismorning.A.happenedB.happenedtoC.tookplaceD.tookplaces()2.Whathappened_____theboy?A.with B.toC.atD.on()3.Aseriousbikeaccident____her,andshewasbadlyhurt.A.happenedtoB.washappenedtoC.washappeningD.washappen()4.【2017山东临沂】TheOlympicGamesof2016will_____inBrazil.A.takeafter B.takeoff C.takeplace D.takeaway()5.【2017山东济南】—It’shottoday,isn’tit?—Yes,itis.Whynot__________yourjacket?A.takecareB.takeplaceC.takeafterD.takeoff8.Morerecently,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwastakendownbyterrorists.最近，大部分美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子袭击的时候自己在做什么。【解析1】remembertodosth.与rememberdoingsth.的用法区别。★(1)remembertodosth.记得去做某事（此事还未做）Ex.Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。(2)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（此事已做完）Ex.IrememberturningoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.我记得离开房间时关灯了。【解析2】takedown拆掉；拆毁★【解析3】terrorn.恐怖→terroristn.恐怖分子★★Ex.befullofterror充满恐怖【拓展】artn.艺术→artistn.艺术家sciencen.科学→scientistn.科学家pianon.钢琴→pianistn.钢琴家()—DidyouwatchtheTVnews?Thewholeeventwasfullof____.—Yes,Idid.Those____wereallcaughtbythepoliceatlast.A.terror;terroristB.terrorist;terrorsC.terror;terroristsD.terrors;terrorists9.IwassoscaredthatIcouldhardlythinkclearlyafterthat.★★我是那么害怕以至于我几乎不能清楚地想象那之后的事。【解析】hardly副词，意为“几乎不，几乎没有”，表示否定含义。Ex.Hehardlydoesthehousework.他几乎不做家务。Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldhardlysleep.她如此兴奋，以至于几乎不能入睡。hardly与hard辨析：hardly副词，意为“几乎不”HehardlywatchesTV.他几乎不看电视。hard作形容词，意为“难的；硬的”作副词，意为“努力地；猛烈地”Shefoundithardtodecide.她发现难以决定。Weshouldworkhard.我们应当努力工作。()【2017山东临忻】Davidwassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecouldsayaword.A.nearly B.hard C.ever D.hardly10.IhadtroublethinkingclearlyafterthatbecauseIwasveryafraid.后来由于害怕我无法清晰地思考。★【解析】troublen困难；苦恼；忧虑用法：(1)introuble处于困境中getsb.intotrouble使某人陷入困境(2)What'sthetroublewithyou?=What’sthematterwithyou?=What’swrongwithyou?你怎么啦？(3)havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有麻烦类似的表达还有：haveproblem/difficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有问题/困难()1.Ihadtrouble____myhomework.A.tofinish B.finishing C.finishes D.finish()2.—Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble___thetext.—Remember____itthreetimesatleast.A.tounderstand;reading B.understanding;readingC.understanding;toread D.tounderstand;toread五、重点语法过去进行时1、概念：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。2、构成：过去进行时态由助动词be的过去式was/were+现在分词（doing）构成。第一人称和第三人称单数用was，其余的都用were。3、句型：过去进行时的肯定句：Ex.Iwasworking./Youwereworking./He/She/Itwasworking./We/You/Theywereworking.过去进行时的否定句:Ex.Iwasnotworking./Youwerenotworking./He/She/Itwasnotworking./We/You/Theywerenotworking.过去进行时的疑问句：Ex.Wereyouworkingattenlastnight?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.Washeworkingattenlastnight?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.4、用法1.它表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作，通常和表示时间点的时间状语一起用。Ex.MyparentswerewatchingTVat8:00lastnight.昨晚八点钟时我的父母亲都在看电视。Theywereswimmingintheswimmingpoolthistimelastweek.上个星期的这个时候他们正在游泳池游泳。2.在表示过去一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作同时也正在进行，那么持续时间长的动作要用过去进行时态。经常和when引导的时间状语从句连用。Ex.Whentheteachercamein,Iwassinging.老师进来时我正在唱歌。Whensomeoneknockedatthedoor,wewerehavingsupper.有人敲门时，我们正在吃晚饭。3.与always连用，表示一个不断重复的过去的动作。Ex.Hewasalwaysringingmeup.他老是给我打电话。重点：过去进行时态的时间状语当句子中出现atthattime,then,atfouryesterdayafternoon,atthistimeyesterday,thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromseventoteno’clockyesterdaymorning以及when引导的从句时，一般情况下要用过去进行时态。5、when和while的区别：1.引导时间状语从句时，while连接的是时间段，而when连接的多是时间点Ex.Whatdoesyourfatherdowhileyourmotheriscooking?Whatdoesyourmotherdowhenyoucomeback?2.while可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以Ex.IwastryingmybesttofinishmyworkwhilemysisterwaswatchingTV.六、真题演练()1.【2017浙江杭州】Sallytookaphotoofherfriendswhilethey_____computergames.A.play B.areplaying C.haveplayedD.wereplaying()2.【2017黑龙江绥化】Myuncle____booksintheroomatthistimeyesterday.A.wasseeingB.isreadingC.wasreading()3.【2017黑龙江齐齐哈尔3】What____you_____whenthecaptaincamein?A.are;doingB.did;doC.were;doing()4.【2017四川雅安1】Amywasreadingabook_____Icamein.A.