Unit 4 Natural Disasters-2022-2023学年高一英语单元词汇、句型、语法、题型完美精练（人教版201必修第一册）

人教版(2019)英语必修一同步训练UNIT4NaturalDisastersPartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思1.disastern.___________2.landsliden.___________3.floodn.___________vi.___________vt.___________4.magnituden.___________5.metaln.___________6.tapvi.&vt.___________n.___________7.summaryn.___________II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词1.___________n.&vt.营救；救援2.___________vt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失3.___________vt.摧毁；毁灭4.___________vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动5.___________n.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)6.___________n.&vt.破坏；毁坏7.___________n.电；电能8.___________vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱9.___________vt.埋葬；安葬10.___________n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力11.___________vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体12.___________n.供应(量)；补给；[pl.补给品vt.供应；供给13.___________adj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静14.___________vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动15.___________vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞16.___________vt.&vi.打扫；清扫17.___________n.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手18.___________vi.&vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词1.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→___________n.幸存者；生还者→___________n.幸存2.dievt.&vi.死亡→___________adj.无生命的→___________adj.致命的adv.极度地→___________n.死；死亡3.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→___________adj.令人震惊的→___________adj.感到震惊的4.breathn.呼吸；(空气的)微微流动→___________adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的→___________vi.&vt.呼吸5.wiseadj.明智的→___________adj.不明智的→___________n.智慧；才智6.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→___________n.折磨；苦难→___________n.患难者；患病者7.eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生→___________n.火山爆发；(战争等)爆发8.powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→___________adj.强大的；有力的→___________adj.无力的；没有能力的9.effectn.影响；结果；效果→___________adj.有效果的→___________adv.有效地；高效地10.longadj.长的→___________n.长；长度→___________vt.&vi.(使)变长11.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→___________n.投递；送交12.emergevi.浮现；出现→___________adj.紧急的→___________n.突发事件；紧急情况13.revivevt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒→___________n.振兴；复苏IV.重点短语英汉互译(i)课内基础达标1.___________现有(尤指帮助)2.___________似乎；好像；仿佛3.___________严重受损；破败不堪4.___________震惊；吃惊5.___________成为……的家园6.volcaniceruption___________7.putupsheltersintheopenair___________8.firstaidkit___________9.sweepaway___________10.cometoanend___________(ii)课外拓展延伸1.___________对……造成损害2.___________对……吃惊3.___________不遗余力做某事4.___________遭受；患病5.___________发表演讲/致辞6.cometoone’srescue___________7.withtheaidof...___________8.comeintoeffect___________9.ruinone’sfame___________10.oone’sheart___________V.经典句式过关练(i)课内基础达标——补全句子1.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。(too＋adj.＋to...太……而不能……)Chickensandevenpigs_____________________,anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.2.仿佛世界末日即将来临！(asif...似乎/好像……)_____________________theworldwerecomingtoanend!3.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6500多人死亡。(v.-ing形式作结果状语)Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,__________________inIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.显然，盲目听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。(affect)Apparently,blindlyfollowingothers’advicewill____________________.2.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。(survive)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,______________________istoliveinharmonywithnature.3.上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。(bedoingsthwhen...)LastMonday,I_____________________Isuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.PartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.Around540millionpeople_______(affect)bysecond-handsmoke,whichcauses100，000deathsperyear.2.Unfortunately,thelittleboyhadstopped__________(breathe)beforehewasrescuedfromtheriver.3.Thefirefightersdidalltheycouldtoputoutthefireandtriedtorescuethe_______(trap)people.4.Afewdayslater,themachine________(deliver)toMr.Meredith’sdoorstep.5.Bothadultsandyoungstersaged13+arerequired__________(deliver)ournewspaper.6.Theyaretherepresentativesofancientcivilizationandthe_______(wise)ofancientfolks.7.Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewere_______(complete)destroyed.8.What_______(strike)memostinthemoviewashisfather’sdeeploveforhisson.II.固定用法练1.Somechildren_________(slide)ontheicehappilywhentheyheardsomeonecryingforhelp.2.Whenthegamefinallyended,bothofuswerelyingflatonourbacks,tootired_________(move).3.Itwasdarkinthewoods.Itseemedasifthere______(be)afiercebeastbehindeverybush.Themoreshethoughtofthis,themorefrightenedshewas.4.Thosepeopledug______fromtheruinshavelivedanormallifeinthecityasusual.5.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.6.Tothemanwithgreatwisdom,thequestionwaseasy_________(answer).7.Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttosheltertheirkids______everykindofdanger.8.Iamsurethat_______greateffort,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.PartThree高考题型强化练I.阅读理解AIn2018,Iwantedtodosomethingtobringchangeforpeopleinmycommunity.Icarriedoutresearchtounderstandtheproblemsaffectingthemandfoundthatclimatechangewasthegreatestthreat.WhenIrealisedmanypeopleintheruralareasfacedfatalimpactssuchaslandslides,floodsanddroughts,Idecidedtostandup.Seeingclimatechangethreatentheavailabilityoffoodandwaterinmycountrywasawake-upcall.Wearefocusedandveryclearwithourdemands.Wearenotafraidofholdinggovernmentsandcorporationsaccountablefortheclimatecrisisbecausethescienceisclear.Wewillnotgiveupbecauseourfutureisatstake.Weneedtodemandforclimateactionasourlivesdependonittoo,becausewedo.FarmersinOntariostoodupagainstaproposedmegaquarry(采石场)intheirland.Theyheldfestivalstodrawattention,theyspokeupagainstcorporateminingwhichthreatenedtheirgroundwaterandsoil,theymobilisedmanypeopletostopitandin2012,HighlandCompanywithdrewtheirplans.Ihopetoseetheendofthefossilfuelindustry，andweneedrenewableenergy.Weneedsustainabilityineverysectorthroughgreenbuildingandcleantransportation.Ihopetoseerecoveryofourecosystemsthroughplantingmoretrees，havingurbanforestsandprotectingwildlife.Ourexistencedependsonthatofourecosystems.Ihopetoseemorerecoveryprojectsbuiltinthemostaffectedcommunities.Therearemanyclimatemovementsallovertheworldandmosthavesocialmediaaccounts.Findalocalgroupthatyoucanworkwithtodemandclimateaction.Whenpeopleareunited,theycannotbedefeated.Earthisourhometoprotect.Everyoneisneeded.1.Whydidtheauthortakeimmediateaction?A.Hewantedtochangepeopleinhiscommunity.B.Heremindedpeopleofvaluingfoodandwater.C.Hewasawareofthedangeroftheclimatechange.D.Hewasinterestedintheproblemsintheruralareas.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mobilised”inParagraph2mean?A.Forced. B.Forbade.C.Warned. D.Organized.3.Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A.Renewableenergyhasreplacedthefossilfuel.B.Morerecoveryprojectshavebeenbuiltinmanycommunities.C.Thefossilfuelindustrydoesharmtoourecosystems.D.Thefossilfuelindustrydoesn’taccountforourexistence.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toappealtopeopletounitetoprotectenvironment.B.Toclarifytheauthor’scontributionforthecommunity.C.Torecommendusanewkindofrenewableenergy.D.Toshowtheimportanceofbanningthefossilfuelindustry.BBangladesh’sfloatinggardens,builttogrowfoodduringfloodseasons,couldofferacontinuoussolutionforpartsoftheworldwhicharelikelytosufferfromfloodingbecauseofclimatechange,anewstudyhasfound.Bangladesh’sfloatinggardensbeganhundredsofyearsago.Thegardensaremadefromnativeplantsthatfloatintheriversandoperatealmostlikerafts(筏),risingandfallingwiththewaters.Historically,theywereusedtocontinuegrowingfoodduringrainyseasonswhenriverswerefilledwithwater.Thefarmerslayertheplantsaboutthreefeetdeep,creatingaversionofraised-bedgardensthatfloatinthewater.Then,theyplantvegetablesinsidethoserafts.Astheraft-plantsrotaway,theyreleasenutrients,whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.Butasclimatechangeaffectedthevolumeofwaterinthoserivers,theresearcherswantedtounderstandwhetherBangladesh’sfloatinggardenscouldbeacontinuousfarmingpractice.Theyinterviewedfarmingfamiliesandfoundstrongevidencethatfloatinggardensprovidestability,bothintheamountoffoodavailabletofeedruralpopulationsandinafarmingfamily’sincome.Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid(杂交植物)seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowadiverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspendingsomemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound，benefitsoutweighedcosts.Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditionalricefields.However,beforegainingprofits，farmersoftentakeouthigh-interestloans(贷款)tocovertheinvestmentcostsoffillingthebedsandstockingthemwithplants.Luckily,therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernmentornon-governmentalorganizations,whichcouldeasethatburden.5.Howdovegetableplantsgrowaccordingtothetext?A.Byabsorbingnutritionfromraft-plants.B.Bytakingshelterfromclimatechange.C.Bylivingtogetherwithhybridseeds.D.Bymovingupanddownwithraisedbeds.6.Whatmightbeareplyfromfarmingfamiliesinterviewed?A.“Ourlifebecomestoughwhenriversflood.”B.“Fewervegetablesareplantedwhenwaterrises.”C.“Weharvestmuchmorefoodduringrainyseasons.”D.“Climatechangehaslittleinfluenceonourincome.”7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outweighed”inparagraph5mean?A.Affected. B.Brought.C.Beat. D.Equaled.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Asolutiontoclimateproblemshasbeenfound.B.Thegardensarebuiltwithrottednativeplants.C.Farmersearnmorefromtraditionalricefields.D.Low-interestloanslightenthestressoffarmers.II.完形填空OnedayIwasdrivingtothemarsh(湿地)forbird-watching.Theweatherforecastcalledforthepossibilityoffog.AsI__1__thedestination,thefogbeganto__2__.Ataturning,Ilost__3__ofthecarandranintothewetland.Itriedtoopenthedoor,butitwaslockedasthewaterhad__4__theelectricalsystem.IrememberedIhadafireextinguisher(灭火器).I__5__itandgavethewindowa__6__hit.Itmerelybouncedoff.Ihititagain,withthe__7__result.Thewaterlevelhadrisen,andsoonIwasswingingtheextinguisherunderwater.Ihadto__8__forairanddowntotakeasmany__9__asmybreathwouldallow.Iwasnearly__10__.Apartofmejustwantedtogiveup.Butthenanotherthoughtcametomind,“Youhave__11__moretime.Whatwillyoudowithit？”“I’mgoingtotry__12__，”Iresponded.I__13__swingingthefireextinguisherashardasIcouldandsuddenlytheimpactfeltdifferent.I__14__mylefthandandfeltaholeinthe__15__.IknewIwasgoingtolive.1.A.sought B.approached C.chose D.visited2.A.rise B.lift C.decrease D.disappear3.A.sight B.track C.touch D.control4.A.operated B.settled C.shorted D.developed5.A.broke B.grabbed C.hung D.closed6.A.gentle B.mild C.direct D.sharp7.A.same B.joyful C.positive D.different8.A.goout B.goaway C.goup D.goover9.A.fists B.swings C.cuts D.calls10.A.delighted B.disappointed C.determined D.desperate11.A.alittle B.much C.plentyof D.far12.A.weaker B.harder C.better D.worse13.A.started B.paused C.continued D.considered14.A.waved B.shook C.extended D.took15.A.car B.door C.extinguisher D.windowIII.语法填空Thereareplacesonearththat1.________(puzzle)scientistsinthepastcenturiesandhavebeenthesubjectofmuchdiscussionaroundtheworld.TwoofthemostfascinatingplacesareEasterIslandandStonehenge.LyingintheSouthPacific,EasterIslandisoneofthemostisolatedplacesonearthandisfamousforthelargestonemonoliths(独块巨石)thatlineitscoast.Shapedlikehumanheads，thesestructures,2._________werecarvedbyancientpeople,rangein3._________(high)fromabout5to22meters.Today,about600stonesremain.OntheoppositesideoftheworldstandsStonehenge.ThisancientEnglishsiteisacollectionoflargestonesarranged4._________twocircles,oneinsidetheother.Althoughonlyruinsoftheoriginalformationexisttoday,archaeologistsbelievethattheinnercircleofbluestones,each5._________(weigh)about4tons,wasbuiltfirst.Thegiantstonesthatformtheoutercircle,6.__________(know)assarsen(砂岩原砾)stones,weighasmuchas50tonseach!Scientists7._________(current)believethatearlyPolynesianresidentscarved8.________island’smonoliths—believedtobesomesymbols—fromvolcanicrock，andthenpulledthemtotheirdifferent9.________(location).AndtheenormousstonesatStonehenge10.________(transport)fromplacesaroundthecountry.Scientistsconsiderthisaremarkableachievement,forheavyliftingequipmentusedinmodernconstructionwasnotavailableatthattime.

答案部分PartOne词汇句式一遍过I.阅读障碍词1.灾难；灾害2.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡3.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没4.(地)震级；重大5.金属6.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲7.总结；概括；概要II.核心四会词1.rescue2.damage3.destroy4.affect5.shelter6.ruin7.electricity8.trap9.bury10.effort11.unify12.supply13.calm14.slide15.crash16.sweep17.wave18.strikeIII.拓展延伸词1.survivor;survival2.dead;deadly;death3.shocking;shocked4.breathless;breathe5.unwise;wisdom6.suffering;sufferer7.eruption8.powerful;powerless9.effective;effectively10.length;lengthen11.delivery12.emergent;emergency13.revivalIV.重点短语英汉互译(i)课内基础达标1.onhand2.asif3.inruins4.inshock5.becomeahometo6.火山喷发7.在露天搭起避难所8.急救箱9.消灭；彻底消除10.结束(ii)课外拓展延伸1.do/causedamageto2.beshockedat3.sparenoefforttodosth4.sufferfrom5.deliveraspeech6.援救某人7.在……的帮助下8.生效9.毁坏某人的声誉10.使……刻骨铭心V.经典句式过关练(i)课内基础达标1.weretoonervoustoeat2.Itseemedasif3.killingmorethan6,500people(ii)课外拓展延伸1.affectourownjudgment2.theonlywayforustosurvive3.waswalkinginthestreetwhenPartTwo核心考点基础练I.词形变化练1.areaffected2.breathing3.trapped4.wasdelivered5.todeliver6.wisdom7.completely8.struckII.固定用法练1.weresliding2.tomove3.were4.out5.who6.toanswer7.from8.withPartThree高考题型强化练I.阅读理解【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者看到气候变化带来的威胁后，决定采取措施并呼吁人们团结起来保护地球。1.C推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者立即采取行动是因为他意识到了气候变化的危险。2.D词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Theyheldfestivalstodrawattention，theyspokeupagainstcorporateminingwhichthreatenedtheirgroundwaterandsoil”以及“manypeopletostopit”可知，他们动员了许多人来阻止采矿。由此可推知，mobilised应意为“动员，组织”，与D项意思相近。3.C推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第一句可推知，化石燃料工业对我们的生态系统会造成破坏。4.A推理判断题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们团结起来保护地球。【语篇解读】本文是说明文。孟加拉国的“漂浮菜园”为世界上因气候变化而易发生洪水的地区提供可持续的解决方案。文中详细介绍了农民如何制作有机植床、如何在植床上种植、这种种植方式的优点等。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Astheraft-plantsrotaway，theyreleasenutrients，whichhelpfeedthevegetableplants.”可知，当有机植物筏子腐烂时，它们会释放营养，这些营养就为菜秧提供了养分，故菜秧是通过吸收植物筏子的营养生长的。6.D推理判断题。根据第四段可知，漂浮菜园在保证农村人口的食物量和农民家庭的收入方面都具有稳定性。故被采访的农民家庭的回答可能是D项“气候变化对我们的收入几乎没影响”。7.C词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“Butevenwiththoseexpenses，theyfound，benefitsoutweighedcosts”可知，即使在有那些开支的情况下，收益还是“超出”成本。A项意为“影响”；B项意为“带来”；C项意为“胜过”；D项意为“等于”。8.D推理判断题。根据第六段尾句“Luckily，therearealsolower-interestloansfromresponsiblegovernment...thatburden”可知，低息贷款减轻了农民的压力。II.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者叙述自己有一天开车去沼泽地观鸟时，车子失去控制陷进了沼泽地，当作者处在危险的境地时，他经过不断的尝试和努力，成功摆脱了困境。1.B根据文章中的“OnedayIwasdrivingtothemarsh(湿地)forbird-watching.”可知，有一天作者开车去沼泽地观鸟。显然，此句的意思是“当我快到(approached)目的地时”。2.A根据前面的“Theweatherforecastcalledforthepossibilityoffog”可知，天气预报说可能有雾。显然要用rise，意思是“雾开始逐渐变大”。3.D根据后面的“ranintothewetland”可以判断出，车陷进了沼泽