2026届高考英语形近词近义词易混辨析（共三类70组）清单

PAGE7英语形近近义词辨析一、必考核心组1.adapt/adopt[易混词]adapt/adopt[核心区分]adapt适应/改编；adopt采用/收养。[真题例句]Ittookhimawhiletoadapttothenewenvironment.Thecommitteedecidedtoadopttheproposedplan.（2024新高考Ⅰ卷）[答题技巧]空格后有to→adaptto；空格后有plan/method/child→adopt。[口诀]adapt改变自己，adopt接受新东西。2.affect/effect/effective[易混词]affect/effect/effective[核心区分]affect动词“影响”；effect名词“效果”；effective形容词“有效的”。[真题例句]Thenewpolicywillaffectthelivesofmanypeople.Themedicinehasapositiveeffectonthedisease.（2023全国甲卷）[答题技巧]动词位置→affect；名词位置→effect；形容词位置→effective。3.angel/angle[易混词]angel/angle[核心区分]angel天使；angle角度。[答题技巧]善良的人→angel；数学/视角→angle。4.broad/board[易混词]broad/board[核心区分]broad宽阔的（adj.）；board木板/董事会/登机（n./v.）。[答题技巧]形容词位置→broad；“上飞机/上船”→board。5.conserve/preserve/reserve[易混词]conserve/preserve/reserve[核心区分]conserve节约（能源）；preserve保存（原状）；reserve预订/保护区。[真题例句]Toconservenaturalresources,weshouldreducewaste.Thegovernmentsetupanaturereserve.（2024浙江卷）[答题技巧]省电/省水→conserve；保存食物/文化→preserve；订房间/保护区→reserve。6.contact/contract/contrast[易混词]contact/contract/contrast[核心区分]contact联系；contract合同/收缩；contrast对比。[真题例句]Incontrasttotraditionalmethods,thenewapproachismoreefficient.（2023新高考Ⅱ卷）[答题技巧]incontactwith联系；signacontract签合同；incontrastto对比。7.continuous/continual[易混词]continuous/continual[核心区分]continuous连续不间断；continual断断续续。[答题技巧]continuous不中断，continual反复来。8.desert/dessert[易混词]desert/dessert[核心区分]desert沙漠/抛弃；dessert甜点。[答题技巧]甜点有2个s（sweet），沙漠有1个s（sand）。9.expand/extend[易混词]expand/extend[核心区分]expand膨胀/扩大（面积）；extend延伸/延长（长度/时间）。[答题技巧]气球/金属/生意→expand；道路/假期/截止日期→extend。10.imply/infer[易混词]imply/infer[核心区分]imply暗示（作者）；infer推断（读者）。[真题例句]Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?（2024北京卷）[答题技巧]问作者暗示→imply；问读者推断→infer。答案绝不是原文原句。11.principal/principle[易混词]principal/principle[核心区分]principal校长/主要的；principle原则/原理。[口诀]校长是你的pal（朋友），principle是rule（规则）。12.rise/arise/raise/arouse[易混词]rise/arise/raise/arouse[核心区分]rise上升（vi.）；arise出现（vi.）；raise举起（vt.）；arouse唤起（vt.）。[真题例句]Anewproblemarosewhenweweretestingthesystem.Pleaseraiseyourhand.[答题技巧]无宾语→rise（太阳/价格）/arise（问题）；有宾语→raise（手/工资）/arouse（兴趣）。13.cause/reason/excuse[易混词]cause/reason/excuse[核心区分]cause原因（导致结果）；reason理由（解释说明）；excuse借口。[答题技巧]科学解释→cause；日常解释→reason；狡辩→excuse。14.chance/opportunity/occasion[易混词]chance/opportunity/occasion[核心区分]chance机会（运气）；opportunity良机（主动抓）；occasion场合。[答题技巧]碰运气→chance；主动抓→opportunity；论场合→occasion。15.character/characteristic/feature[易混词]character/characteristic/feature[核心区分]character性格/角色；characteristic特征；feature面貌/产品功能。[答题技巧]人品→character；特点→characteristic；五官/产品→feature。16.economic/economical[易混词]economic/economical[核心区分]economic经济的（宏观）；economical节约的（微观）。[真题例句]Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestopromoteeconomicdevelopment.Thiscarisveryeconomicalonfuel.（2024上海卷）[答题技巧]国家/政策/发展→economic；省钱/省油→economical。17.historic/historical[易混词]historic/historical[核心区分]historic历史性的（重大意义）；historical历史的（与历史有关）。[口诀]historic很“牛”，historical很“旧”。18.late/later/latter/latest/lately[易混词]late/later/latter/latest/lately[核心区分]late迟的/已故的；later后来；latter后者；latest最新的；lately最近。[答题技巧]迟到→late；后来→later；后者→latter；最新消息→latest；最近→lately。19.respectable/respectful/respective[易混词]respectable/respectful/respective[核心区分]respectable值得尊敬的；respectful表示尊敬的；respective各自的。[口诀]able被尊敬，ful满敬意，ive各自分。20.sensitive/sensible[易混词]sensitive/sensible[核心区分]sensitive敏感的；sensible明智的。[真题例句]It'sasensiblechoicetosavemoneyforthefuture.（2023天津卷）[口诀]sensitive是“玻璃心”，sensible是“讲道理”。21.special/specific/particular[易混词]special/specific/particular[核心区分]special特别的；specific具体的；particular挑剔的/特定的。[答题技巧]不普通→special；不模糊→specific；不一般/挑剔→particular。22.specially/especially[易混词]specially/especially[核心区分]specially特意地；especially尤其。[答题技巧]专门为你做的→specially；特别喜欢→especially。23.worth/worthy/worthwhile[易混词]worth/worthy/worthwhile[核心区分]worth后接doing；worthy后接of；worthwhile用it作形式主语。[答题技巧]worth直接跟doing；worthy有of；worthwhile用it。24.trip/journey/travel/voyage[易混词]trip/journey/travel/voyage[核心区分]travel旅行统称；trip短途；journey长途；voyage航海。25.custom/habit[易混词]custom/habit[核心区分]custom风俗（社会）；habit习惯（个人）。[答题技巧]社会文化→custom；个人日常→habit。二、高频易混组26.altitude/attitude/gratitude→海拔/态度/感激。[口诀]alt高，atti态，grati感。27.assure/ensure/insure→使确信/确保/投保。[口诀]assure人，ensure事，insure保险。28.beside/besides→在…旁边/除…之外。[口诀]beside旁边，besides多加s=加东西。29.compete/complete→竞争/完成。[口诀]compete比，complete全。30.confident/confidential→自信的/机密的。[口诀]confident自信，confidential保密。31.considerable/considerate→相当大的/体贴的。[口诀]considerable量多，considerate心细。32.content/contend/context→内容/竞争/上下文。[口诀]tent装内容，tend争，text文本。33.convince/persuade→说服（信服）/说服（行动）。[口诀]convince改想法，persuade改行动。34.crash/crush/clash→碰撞/压碎/冲突。[口诀]crash撞车，crush压扁，clash打斗。35.cure/curious→治愈/好奇的。[口诀]cure治病，curious问“为什么”。36.efficient/effective→效率高的/有效的。[口诀]efficient省时省力，effective达成目标。37.emerge/immerge→出现/浸入。[口诀]e（出）出现，im（入）浸入。38.extensive/intensive→广泛的/集中的。[口诀]extensive面广，intensive点深。39.healthy/healthful→健康的/有益健康的。[口诀]healthy是人，healthful是物。40.imagine/image→想象/形象。[口诀]imagine动作，image结果。41.ability/capability/capacity→已具备/潜质/容量。[口诀]ability做到了，capability能做到，capacity装多少。42.actual/genuine/original/real→实际/真正/原来/真实。[口诀]actual事实，genuine不假，original最早，real不虚。43.alone/lonely→独自/孤独。[口诀]alone客观，lonely情感。44.alter/change/convert/shift→修改/变/转换/转移。[口诀]alter微调，change大变，convert转性质，shift挪位置。45.award/reward→授予/回报。[口诀]award奖杯，reward酬劳。46.common/ordinary/normal→常见/平凡/正常。[口诀]common不稀有，ordinary不特别，normal不反常。47.compose/comprise/consist→组成/包含/由…组成。[口诀]becomposedof/comprises/consistsof。48.decrease/reduce/decline→减少/减少/下降。[口诀]decrease可作名词，reduce及物，decline自己降。49.demand/require/request→要求（强）/要求（规定）/请求（客气）。[口诀]demand不容拒绝，require遵照规定，request客气。50.different/various/diverse→不同/多种多样/多元。[口诀]different区别，various数量，diverse类型。51.ensure/guarantee→确保/保证。[口诀]ensure尽力，guarantee打包票。52.furniture/equipment/luggage→家具/装备/行李。[口诀]三者都不可数！53.happen/occur/takeplace→偶然/想到/计划。[口诀]happen意外，occur想起，takeplace计划。54.insist/persist→坚持要求/坚持做。[口诀]insistondoing坚决要，persistindoing坚持做。55.recall/remind/