Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句技巧关系词的选择讲义-2022-2023学年高中英语（人教版2019必修第一册）

定语从句关系词的选择(一)定语从句只能用that引导的情况:1.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书。2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThesecondforeigncountrythatIexpecttovisitisGreek.我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊。3.当先行词是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时。Hedidn’trefertoanythingthathadhappenedtohimtheseyearsinhisletter.在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情。4.当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?5.当先行词被theonly,theevery,theright,thesame等修饰时。①Hewastheonlypersonthatwitnessedtheaccident.他是唯一一个见证这次事故的人。②ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的那本好词典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用that。①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个人是谁?②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?最适合我的T恤衫是哪一件?7.在therebe句型中。Therearefewbooksinthelibrarythatarehelpfulformyexperiment.图书馆里没有对我的实验有帮助的书。(二)定语从句只能用which引导的情况:1.关系代词指物,做介词宾语的时候。Chinahas56nationalities,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristics,formingthevariousandcolorfulChineseculture.中国有56个民族,每个民族都有自己的特点,它们形成了丰富多彩的中国文化。2.关系代词指前面的整个句子,引导非限制性定语从句时。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistofwhomthenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Theclassroom,whosedoorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。(四)关系代词as的应用范围1.as和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句,这两个关系代词都指整个主句内容(as通常译为“正如”),且在定语从句中都可以做主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:①as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.众所周知,月亮每月围绕地球转一周。幻灯片19②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为实义动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,aswasmorethanwecouldexpect.天气变得非常好了,这超出了我们的预料。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大,这使我没能去公园。2.当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。①Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。②Thisissuchaneasymathproblemaseveryonecanworkout.(比较:Thisissuchaneasymathproblemthateveryonecanworkitout.)这是一道如此简单的数学题,每个人都能解决。③He’llmarryasprettyagirlashecanfind.他将与他能找到的最漂亮的女孩结婚。注意:当先行词被thesame修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。thesame...as(指同样或同类的),thesame...that(指同一个)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.这支钢笔与我丢的那支一样。ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.这就是我丢的那支钢笔。(五)定语从句关系词的判断方法1.方法一:观察从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。①ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.=Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.这是我去年待过的小山村。②I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.=I’llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentwithyou.我永远不会忘记过和你在一起工作的日子。2.方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)。关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。Thismuseumistheonethatyouvisitedafewdaysago.这座博物馆是你前几天参观的那个。Thisisthemuseumwhere/inwhichtheexhibitionwasheld.这是在其中举办展览的那座博物馆。(六)“介词+关系词”中介词的确定1.根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。①Thisisnotthebookofwhichtheteacherspokeinclass.(speakof意为“谈及”,相当于talkof)这不是那本老师在课堂上谈及的那本书。②ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.(be/feelproudof为固定短语,意为“以……自豪”。)他们感到自豪的两样东西分别是吉姆的金表和戴拉的头发。2.根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。①I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.(表示具体的某一天,用介词on)我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。②Theboypointedtothedirectioninwhichhewouldrun.(“朝……方向”,用介词in)那个男孩指着他要跑去的方向。③Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.(“在农场上”,用介词on)他来到了一个农场,并在那里最终定居了下来。(七)定语从句的几个特别之处1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。①Hestoodatthewindow,fromwhereshecouldseenothingbutablankwall.他站在窗边,从那里除了一面白墙外他什么也看不到。(fromwhere=fromatthewindow,而不是fromthewindow)②Iwasthrownintoaprisonfromwhichnoonecouldescape.我被投入了一座监狱中,没人能从那儿逃走。(fromwhich=fromtheprison)2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。Theonlybridgeacrosstheriverfelldownintheflood,whichhadbeentherefordecades.那座在河上存在了数十年的唯一一座桥在洪水中垮塌了。3.抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。当先行词为stage,situation,point,case等词且关系词在从句中做状语,这时用where引导定语从句;occasion之后用when引导定语从句,theway(表示“方式”)后的定语从句用“that/inwhich/省去关系词”三种结构引导。①Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。②IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcan’twriteagoodessay.我能想出许多这样的场合,很显然学生知道许多英语词汇但是却写不出一篇好文章。③Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeenfewoccasionswhenthewholefamilycangettogether.在过去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的时候。④Idon’tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayhelaughedatme.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引导的名词性从句,有时可转换为“先行词+关系词”引导的定语从句。①Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.=Anyonewhospitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.任何在公共场合吐痰的人在这儿都将受到惩罚。②Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontothebestuniversity.=Theparentswilluseallthattheyhavetosendtheirsontothebestuniversity.父母们将会倾其所有送他们的孩子去上最好的大学。一、根据句意,用适当的关系词填空1.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitiestheycangainexperienceforgrowth.2.Amongthemanydangerssailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.3.Pleasesendusalltheinformationyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.4.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,isquiteunexpected.5.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.6.We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonthwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.答案1.where2.which/that3.that4.which5.when6、which/that7.WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehouseIwouldbestaying.8.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.9.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthoseliveswereaffected.10.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparksanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.7.where8.which9whose10where二、用定语从句完成下列句子1.Thisisthebestfilm(我看过的)inthepastfewyears.(see)2.Theresultmusthavebeendisappointing,(从……可以看出)thedisappointinglookonhisface.(see)3.You’dbetteraskyourteachersandparentsforadvice,(通过这种方式)youwillmakeawiserdecision.(means)4.Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseasmartmobilephone(它的功能更加实用).(function)5.Thisisthereason(他为什么现在离开).(leave)6.MaryBrownmoved