Unit 1 The mass media 知识点学案-2022-2023学年高二英语牛津译林版2020选择性必修第二册

选择性必修二Unit1Themassmedia一、重点单词与短语：1.criticaladj.批评的，批判性的，挑剔的；极为重要的，关键的，至关紧要的；危急的，紧要关头的；有判断力的(P2,newsreport1,标题)①becriticalof对……挑剔/提出批评②becriticalto对……极为重要/是关键的③beofcriticalimportance至关重要的④withacriticaleye以批判的眼光⑤in(a)criticalcondition病情危急▲criticallyadv.批判地；危急地▲criticn.批评家，评论家，评论员[c]▲criticismn.批评，批判，责备，指责[c/u]；评论[u]▲criticizevt.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评论，评价⑥criticizesb.fordoingsth.因干某事而批评某人典题赏析：1)Tom’sparents________________________him.汤姆的父母对他很挑剔。2)Parentalattention___________________________thechild’ssocialization.家长的关注对孩子适应社会是很重要的。3)Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereisof_____________________.减少大气层中的二氧化碳含量是极其重要。4)Thepatientisstill________________________________.那位病人的情况仍然危急。5)Weshouldlookatthisproblem______________________________.我们应该用批判的眼光看待这个问题。6)Learningtothink______________(critical)isanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.7)Thereportstrongly__________thepolice_________failingtodealwiththeproblemquickly.该报道强烈批评警方没有迅速地处理这个问题。2.trapvt.使落入险境；卡住，绊住；诱骗，诱使(trap-trapped-trapped-trapping)n.陷阱，罗网，夹子；圈套，诡计；困境，牢笼[c](P2,newsreport1,L4)①betrappedin被困在……中，陷入……②trapsb.intodoingsth.诱骗某人干某事③set/layatrap(for)（为……）设置陷阱/布下圈套④fall/walkintoatrap落入陷阱典题赏析：1)They________________________theburningbuilding.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。2)Theeye-catchingadvertisementswill_____________us____________buyingthingsthatweactuallydon’tneed.这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些我们实际上并不需要的东西。3)Thefarmers_________trapsinthefield_________mice.农民们在田里设下夹子捉老鼠。4)_____________(trap)inanunhappymarriage,shefelthopeless.3.releasevt.发布；释放；松开；发泄；免除，解除n.释放[u]；发行[c]；排放，泄漏[u](P2,newsreport1,L6)①releasesb.from…把某人从……中释放出来；使某人免除/解除……②on(general)release（电影、唱片）已经上映/发行典题赏析：1)Theydecidedto_____________thebird______________itscage.他们决定把鸟从笼子里放出来。2)He_____________________________thehospitalyesterday.昨天他出院了。3)Singingisagoodwayto_____________stressandemotions.唱歌是释放压力和发泄情感的好方法。4)Thelatestfilmdirectedbythefamousdirectoris_____________________（已经上映）.4.extendvi.&vt.延伸（距离）；延续（时间）；涉及（范围）；扩大；延长；伸展vt.提供，给予，表示；使竭尽全力(P2,newsreport1,L8)①extendafence/road/house扩建护栏/公路/房子②extendadeadline/visa延长最后期限/签证③extendto延伸到④extendsth.tosb.向某人提供/表示……▲extensionn.扩大，延伸，延长[c/u]；延期，展期[c]▲extensiveadj.广大的，广阔的，大量的；广泛的，广博的典题赏析：1)Ourland______________asfarastheriver.我们的土地一直延伸到河边。2)Theyhaveagreedto_________________________.他们已同意延长最后期限。3)Thechairman______________awarmwelcome_____________theguests.主席向贵宾们表示热烈的欢迎。4)Bythattime,thefire_________________________the15thfloor.到那时为止，大火已蔓延到16楼。5)Scientistshavecarriedout______________(extend)researchintothedeepseainthehopeoffindingnewenergyresources.5.constructionn.建筑，建造，施工[u]；建造物[c](P2,newsreport1,L9)①underconstruction在建设中▲constructorn.建造者，制造者，建造商▲constructvt.建造，构建典题赏析：1)—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—No,thebuildingis_____________construction.2)Mynextworkwas_____________________（建造）anestandanchoritinatree.6.cause/dodamage造成损失(P2,newsreport2,标题)①cause/dodamageto对……造成损失典题赏析：1)Theearthquakein2008____________________________thisarea.2008年的地震对这个地区造成了严重的损失。7.dozenn.“许多；一打；十来个[c]”(P2,newsreport2,L4)与数词或many，some，several等连用时，用单数形式；修饰名词时，其后不加of；但所修饰的名词前有限定词the，these，those，his，their等或所修饰的词为人称代词时，其后要加of。adozen一打adozenbooks一打书adozenofhisbooks他的一打书twodozen两打twodozenbooks两打书twodozenofthem他们中的两打①dozensof很多，许多②bythedozen按打（计）③indozens一打一打地；成打地类似：score“二十”，与数词或many，some，several等连用时，用单数形式；修饰名词或代词时后加of。onescore二十onescoreofbooks.二十本书twoscore四十twoscoreofthem.他们中的四十△scoresof“许多，大量”，后接可数名词的复数。scoresofbooks许多书典题赏析：1)Ihavedecidedtobuythree_____________(dozen)ofthosewonderfulgiftsforthechildren.2)Shewenttothebookstoreandboughtdozens______________famousbooksonhistory.3)InBritain,eggsaresold_________________________（按打）.4)Ihave______________bookswhilehehas_______________ones.A.twodozens;twoscoresB.twodozen;twoscoreC.twodozen;twoscoreof D.twodozenof;twoscoreof8.minoradj.轻微的，次要的，较小的(反：major)(P2,newsreport2,L6)n.未成年人；辅修科目/课程[c]vi.辅修①aminorinjury/operation/illness/road/role轻伤/小手术/小病/小路/次要角色②minorin辅修▲minorityn.少数，少数派，少数人；少数民族[c](反：majority)③aminorityof+名词复数+动单/复“少数……”④intheminority占少数典题赏析：1)Theboysuffered__________________inthecaraccidents.那个男孩在车祸中受了些轻伤。2)Theyoungactresswasgivena____________roleinthenewplay.这个年轻女演员只分到这出新戏中的一个次要的角色。3)Only_______________________studentsreceive(s)thescholarshipinthisuniversity.在这所大学里，只有少数的学生获得奖学金。4)Boysareverymuch_________________atthedanceclass.在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数。9.bathn.洗澡，洗浴；浴缸，浴盆[c](P2,newsreport2,L6)①have/takeabath洗澡②runabath往浴缸里放水③givesb.abath给某人洗澡▲bathevt.&vi.（给……）洗澡，沐浴；（用水、药水等）洗，浸，泡；游泳；（光线、暖气等）充满，覆盖；使沐浴（在光线里）n.游泳[c]④bath…in…使……覆盖/沐浴在……之中⑤bebathedin沐浴于，被……笼罩⑥bebathedinlight/moonlight沐浴于光线/月光中⑦bebathedintears/sweat眼泪汪汪/满头大汗典题赏析：1)IamsotiredthatIshall_____________________（洗澡）andgotobed.2)_______________(bath)inthewarmsunlight,Isoonfellasleeponthesunnybeach.3)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_______________(bath)themountaininthegoldenlight.4)Shelistenedtothemusicwithherface________________(bath)intears.5)Afterthematch,I________________________.比赛之后我汗流浃背。10.screamvi.&vt.尖叫；高声喊；发出大而尖的声音n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音[c](P2,newsreport2,L7)①screamin/with…因……而尖叫②screamat朝……大喊大叫③screamfor为了……高声喊④letoutascream发出尖叫声▲screaminglyadv.极其，十足地典题赏析：1)Thewomanlaythere,________________(scream)withpain.2)Calmdownandstop______________________me.冷静点，不要对我大喊大叫。3)Sheletouta________________ofterroratthesightofthesnake.一看见蛇，她发出了惊恐的尖叫声。11.chokevt.&vi.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽，（尤指感情激动而）说不出话来n.窒息，哽咽，哽咽声；进气门[c](P2,newsreport2,L8)①chokeon因……而窒息/呼吸困难②choketodeath窒息而死③chokeback忍住，抑制，克制④chokedown硬咽，硬吞；强忍住⑤chokeoff阻止，制止，限制⑥chokeup哽咽⑦bechokedwith因……而哽咽；被……堵塞典题赏析：1)Theoldmanchoked____________death____________afishbone.那位老人被一根鱼刺噎死了。2)Hervoice____________________________excitement.她因太激动而声音哽咽。3)Theincreasingnumberofcarsontheroad_______________traffic.Thisisthereasonwhywecan’tgethereontime.A.chokeback B.chokedown C.chokeoff D.chokeup12.departmentn.部门，局，系，科，处，司，院[c](P2,newsreport2,L9)adepartmentstore百货公司 theEnglishdepartment英语系theStateDepartment国务院 theDepartmentofEducation教育部thepersonneldepartment人事部门thesalesdepartment销售部①besb’sdepartment是某人的职责范围典题赏析：1)Heworksin___________________anddealingwithcustomersis________________.他在一家百货公司上班，与顾客打交道是他的职责。13.comeabout“发生”(P3,L3)常与how连用，构成句型“Howdoesitcomeaboutthat…?”①comeacross(=runacross/into)偶然遇见，发现；被理解，被弄懂②comealong进展，进步；跟随，跟着来；快点儿；（健康）好转；出现，到达，抵达③comefor来接（人），来取（物）④comeon进展，进步；跟随，跟着来；来，快，得啦⑤comeout出版，发行，发表；长出，发芽，开花；被获知；（品质等）显示，显出⑥comeover顺便来访，拜访⑦comeround（到某人的家里）拜访⑧comethrough经历；通过；收到，到达⑨cometo共计，达到；达到……地步；达成；苏醒⑩cometoend结束⑪cometooneself苏醒过来；醒悟过来⑫comeup走近；上来，上楼；长出，长芽；发生；被讨论，被提及⑬comeupto达到，符合⑭comeupwith赶上；提出，想出，提供⑮comedownwith患，得，染上⑯tocome未来的，将到来的（用在名词后作定语）典题赏析：1)Canyoutellme_______________________________?你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？2)It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowit____________________（发生）thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.【湖北卷】3)—Haveyou________________________（想出）somenewidea?—Yeah.I’lltellyoulater.【江苏卷】4)—I’mdeadtired.Ican’twalkanyfurther,Jenny.—__________________（加油）,Tommy.Youcandoit.【江西卷】5)Thedictionaryisbeingprintedanditwillsoon__________________（出版）.【福建卷】6)Wouldyouliketo_____________________（跟着来）withustothefilmtonight?【全国卷】7)Theboyhas______________________influenza.那个男孩患了流感。14.priorityn.优先事项，首要事情[c]；优先权，重点[u](P3,L5)①atop/high/lowpriority应给予最优先考虑的事/非常重要的事/不重要的事②have(take/get)priority/begivenpriority(over)享有优先权③getone’sprioritiesright按照事情的轻重缓急行事▲prioradj.先前的，较早的，在前的；优先的，较重要的典题赏析：1)Educationis_____________________________.教育是当务之急。2)Clubmemberswill__________________________.俱乐部成员享有优先权。3)Thesearchforanewvaccinewill________________________allothermedicalresearch.研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。4)Petershould________________________________andspendmoretimewithhisfamily.彼得应该按照事情的轻重缓急行事，花更多的时间与家人在一起。15.contradictvt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥①contradictoneself自相矛盾②contradicteachother相互矛盾▲contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的③becontradictoryto与……相矛盾▲contradictionn.反驳，驳斥；矛盾[u]④incontradictionto与……相矛盾典题赏析：1)Whatthesuspectsaidwascompletelycontradictory___________whatthewitnesssaid.2)Yourtwostatements__________________________（相互矛盾）,whichmakesmepuzzled.3)Thereisa____________________(contradict)betweenthetwosetsoffigures.16.instancen.例子，事例[c](P3,L12)①forinstance例如，比如②inthisinstance在这种情况下③inthefirstinstance第一，首先典题赏析：1)Youcan’trelyonher.__________,shearrivedanhourlateforanimportantmeetingyesterday.她这个人靠不住。比如说，昨天有个重要的会议，她就晚来一个小时。2)Tomisrightaboutmostthings,but________________________Ithinkhewasmistaken.多数情况下汤姆都是对的，但在这种情况下我认为他弄错了。3)Anyonewishingtojointhesocietyshouldapply________________________tothesecretary.任何人加入协会都得首先向秘书提出申请。17.differvi.相异；意见相左(P3,L13)①differfrom和……不同，不同于②differin在……方面不同③differwithsb.about/on/oversth.就某事与某人意见相左④Ibegtodiffer.恕难苟同/抱歉，我不赞同。▲differencen.不同，差别，差异[c/u]⑤makeadifference起作用，有影响，有关系，有差别⑥makeadifferenceto对……起作用/有影响/有关系/有差别⑦makesome/much/little/alittle/nodifference⑧tellthedifference区分，辨别不同▲differentadj.不同的，差异的⑨bedifferentfrom与……不同▲differentlyadv.不同地典题赏析：1)BritishEnglishis______________fromAmericanEnglish.They_____________inmanyminoraspects,suchasspellingandpronunciation.AllEnglishspeakersunderstandeachother,butitishelpfultoknowaboutsomeofthe________________.（用differ的正确形式填空）2)Studentsdiffer______________eachother_________________thisproblem.3)Thetwocountriesdiffer_______________thecultureandclimate.4)—Onlythosewhohavealotincommoncangetalongwell.—_________________________（抱歉，我不赞同）.Oppositessometimesdoattract.5)AncientChinesediffers_______________theChinesewespeaktoday.18.conclusionn.结论，推论；结束，结尾，结局，结果；签订，达成[c](P3,L14)①draw/reach/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出结论②jumptoconclusions匆忙下结论；贸然断定jumptotheconclusionthat…匆忙下结论……；贸然断定……③bring…toaconclusion使……结束④inconclusion最后，总之▲concludevi.&vt.总结，下结论，结束⑤conclude(…)withsth./bydoingsth.以……结束（……）⑥conclude…from…从……中得出……结论⑦toconclude最后⑧Itisconcludedthat…结论是……▲concludingadj.结束的，最后的concludingspeech结束演讲，闭幕词concludingremark结束语典题赏析：1)Fromtheabovediscussionwecan__________________________（得出结论）thatsuccesscomesfromhardwork.2)Whenhe______________________________________（圆满地结束演讲时）,histeacherandtherestoftheclasspraisedhim.3)She_______________thespeech_____________remindingusofourresponsibility.她通过提醒我们的责任而结束了演讲。4)Theparty________________________asong.晚会以一首歌曲而结束。5)____________________,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。6)Whatdoyou_______________________that?你从中得出了什么结论？7)Itwas________________(conclusion)thathewasnotinfavoroftheplan.19.falseadj.错误的，不真实的；非天生的，人造的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的(P3,L15)trueorfalse对还是错falseteeth/eyelashes假牙/假睫毛afalsealarm假警报，虚惊afalsefriend不忠实的朋友；同形异义词afalsestart不成功的开端；起步失误falseimprisonment非法拘禁，非法拘留典题赏析：1)Shegave_________________________totheinsurancecompany.她向保险公司提供了不真实的资料。2)Themanused_________________________togetthejob.那名男子用假名字得到了这份工作。3)_________________________areillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.谎报火警是违法的，可能会导致坐牢。4)Whathesaid_______________________.他所说的话证明是错误的。20.bring…tolight揭露，披露(P3,L17)①bringabout引起，导致，带来，造成②bringback带回来，拿回来；使回忆起来；使恢复③bringdown使倒下；使下降；打倒；击落④bringforth产生⑤bringforward提出，提议；提前⑥bringin引进，引入，增加；收（庄稼等）；提出；获利，赚钱⑦bringon引起，导致（不好的事情）；有助于，改进；提出⑧bringthrough使度过困难⑨bringup使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；提出；呕吐；抚养，养育，教养；使出庭受审，传讯⑩bringout使显现，使表现出，阐明；出版，生产；使……说出典题赏析：用bring的短语完成下列句子1)Thesefigureshavejust______________________________.2)Goodharvestwill______________________theprices.3)He___________________________byhisgrandmotherinthecountry.4)Hernewsuggestion_________________________atthemeetingyesterday.5)He_______________________twonewbooksatthesametimelastyear.6)He_________________________onehundredmoredollarsamonthfromhisnewjob.7)What______________________thequarrelbetweenthem?21.minimumn.最小值，最少量[c]adj.最低的，最小的(反：maximum)(P3,L20)▲minimizevt.使减到最小，使降到最低限度；使最小化；降低，贬低aminimumcharge/price/wage最低收费/价格/工资①aminimumof最低的……②keep/reduce…toaminimum将……保持在/减少到最低限度③ata/theminimum最起码，至少，最少典题赏析：1)Theschoolmanagesto_______________bullying_________________________.学校设法最大限度地减少霸凌的行为。2)Lookingafterahorsecosts________________________$2,000ayear.照料一匹马每年最少要花费2,000美元3)_________________________,youshouldspendtwohoursintheeveningstudyinginordertocatchupwithyourclassmates.为了赶上同学，你晚上至少应该花两个小时学习。4)________________anywindowsyouhaveopened.将所有你已打开的窗口最小化。22.maximumn.最大量，最大限度[c]adj.最高的，最多的(反：minimum)(P3,L20)①amaximumof最大/高/多的……②tothemaximum最大限度地③formaximumeffect为得到最佳效果▲maximizevt.使增加到最大限度；使最大化；充分利用，最大限度地利用典题赏析：1)Temperatureswillreach______________________45℃.气温最高将达到45℃。2)Thejobwillrequireyoutouseallyourskills_______________________.这项工作要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。3)Youshouldtakeexerciseseverymorning________________________.为了得到最佳效果，你应该每天早上锻炼。4)Thecompany’smainfunctionis_________________(maximum)profit.23.sumvt.总结，概括(sum-summed-summed-summing)n.金额，款项；总和，总数；全部[c](P3,L23)①sumup总结，概括；对……作出判断，对……形成意见②tosumup总之，概括地说（常做插入语，位于句首）③insum总之，总而言之④alargesumof一大笔……⑤thesumof……的和/总数典题赏析：1)Sidwasleft_______________________byhisaunt.西德的姑母给他遗留下一大笔钱。2)Heendedhisspeechwithasentencethat___________________whathehadsaid.最后他用一句话概括了他的演讲内容。3)________________________,weshouldencouragethestudentstodevelopcriticalthinking.总之，我们应该鼓励学生培养批判性思维。4)______________________threeandfiveiseight.3与5的和是8.24.accurateadj.正确无误的；精确的；准确的；精密的(反：inaccurate)(P3,L24)①beaccuratein在……方面准确②tobeaccurate=accuratelyspeaking准确地说▲accuratelyadv.正确无误地；精确地；准确地；精密地▲accuracyn.准确（性）；精确（程度）[u]③withaccuracy准确地；精密地典题赏析：1)Journalistsarenotalways____________________whattheywrite.新闻工作者的报道并非总是准确的。2)Theyquestionedthe__________________oftheinformationinthefile.他们质疑档案中信息的准确性。3)Shehitstheball________________________.她击球十分准确。25.commitvt.承诺，保证；犯（错误、罪行），做出（错事）；花（钱或时间）忠于，全心全意投入；把……交付给/押给……（常用被动）(commit-committed-committed-committing)(P3,L26)①commitsb./oneselftodoingsth./dosth.保证某人干某事，承诺干某事②commit…to…把……投入到//交付给/押给……③commitanerror/acrime/murder/suicide犯错误/犯罪/犯谋杀罪/自杀▲committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的④becommittedto(doingsth./todosth.)致力于/坚信/忠诚于……▲commitmentn.承诺，保证[c/u]；投入，奉献，献身[u]；花费，使用[c/u]⑤makeacommitment(to)（对……）作出承诺/保证⑥makeacommitmenttodoing/dosth.承诺/保证干某事典题赏析：1)Thegovernmentiscommittedto________________(reform)theeducationsystem.2)Hercommitment________________artmovedmedeeply.3)Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig_______________（投入）,butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.【湖北卷】4)Tobeafaithfulman,ifyou_________________（作出承诺）,youshould_________________（履行你的承诺）.5)TheycalledontheWesterncountriesto_________moremoney_______thepoorestcountries.他们要求西方国家把更多的钱投入到最贫困的国家中去。6)He_______________________undertheinfluenceofalcohol.在酒精的作用下，他犯罪了。7)Sorry,Ihavealready____________________________workingforClive.对不起，我已承诺为克莱夫工作了。26.discriminationn.辨别力，识别力[u]；歧视，偏袒，区别对待[u]；区别，识别，辨别[c/u](P3,L28)①age/racial/sex/religiousdiscrimination年龄/种族/性别/宗教歧视②discriminationagainst/infavorof歧视/偏袒……③withoutdiscrimination没有识别力/鉴赏力▲discriminatevi.&vt.区别，辨别，区分；区别对待，歧视，偏袒④discriminatebetweenAandB=discriminateAfromB区分A与B⑤discriminateagainst/infavorof歧视/偏袒……▲discriminatingadj.有识别力的，有辨别力的，有鉴赏力的典题赏析：1)Heshowedgreat_____________________inhischoiceoffriends.他在择友方面颇具慧眼。2)Lawshavegottobetoughertostop____________________________thedisabled.法律应该再严厉一些以制止对残疾人的歧视。3)Nowadays,Societystill______________________womenandin___________ofmen.如今，社会上仍然歧视女性而厚待男性。4)Asaseniorstudent,weshouldlearnto__________________________________________.作为一名高中生，我们应该学会明辨是非。27.organizevt.处理，安排；组织，筹备；规划，管理，照料；组建，建立(P4,L5)①organizeameeting/aparty/atrip/anactivity组织会议/聚会/旅行/活动②organizeone’sthoughts整理某人的思绪；组织某人的想法③theabilitytoorganize组织能力▲organizationn.组织，团体，机构[c]；组织工作，筹备工作[u]；安排，配置，分配[u]；条理，系统性[u]▲organizern.组织者[c]▲organizedadj.有组织的，系统的；有条理的，有安排的；有效率的④well/badly/carefullyorganized组织良好的/糟糕的/周密的典题赏析：1)The_______________wassetupin2020.Its________________,Mr.Smith,isanexperiencedteamleader.Hehasbuiltan________________team.He___________________animportantmeetingtoexpandhisbusinesssincelastmonth.2)Isn’tittimeyoustartedtoget____________________(organize)?你该提高点效率吧？3)Theeveningparty______________________________andeveryonehadagoodtimeatit.这场晚会组织得很好，每个人都过得很开心。4)_______________________________beforeyoubegintospeak.把思绪整理清楚再说话。28.curiosityn.好奇心，求知欲[u]；奇物，珍品[c](P4,L7)①in/withcuriosity好奇地②outofcuriosity出于好奇③showcuriosityabout 对……表现出好奇心④satisfy/arouseone’scuriosity满足/引起某人的好奇心⑤Curiositykilledthecat.好奇害死猫。▲curiousadj.好奇的，求知欲强的；稀奇古怪的，奇特的，不寻常的⑥becuriousabout对……感到好奇⑦becurioustodosth.极想干某事⑧Itiscuriousthat………是奇怪的/反常的。▲curiouslyadv.好奇地；稀奇古怪地⑨curiouslyenough说也奇怪（作插入语）典题赏析：1)Hewas___________________（好奇）toknowwhatwashappeningintheoffice.【陕西卷】2)___________________（说也奇怪）,ayearlaterexactlythesamethinghappenedagain.3)Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious_____howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan.【辽宁卷】4)Children___________________________everything.儿童对一切事物都显露出好奇心。5)Theletterwasn’taddressedtomebutIopenedit_________________________.那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它打开了。6)Hisanswerdidn’t_______________________________atall.他的回答丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。7)___________________________thatshedidn’ttellanyone.她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。29.foundvt.创建，创办（组织或机构）；建立，兴建（国家或城市）(P6,L8)①found…on…把……建立在……上②befoundedon建立在……的基础上；（建筑物）建立在……▲foundationn.创办，建立[c/u]；地基，基础[c]；根据，基本原理[c/u]③lay/providethefoundation(s)for为……打下基础④withoutfoundation/havenofoundation没有根据⑤shake/rocksth.toitsfoundations从根本上动摇某物，动摇某物的基础▲foundern.创立者，创始人；缔造者；奠基人[c]辨析：1)found-founded-founded创建，创办；建立，兴建2)find-found-found（找到，发现）典题赏析：1)TsinghuaUniversity,_______(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.2)Thebusinesscompanywhich_______________(found)in1900hasdevelopedintoabigone.3)Theirmarriage___________________________loveandmutualrespect.他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。4)Thecastle_____________________________solidrock.这座城堡建在坚固的岩石上。5)Goodplanningafterthewar__________________________thenation’seconomicmiracle.战后良好的规划为这个国家的经济奇迹奠定了基础。6)Darwin’stheory______________thescientificestablishment_________________________.达尔文的理论从根本上动摇了科学界。30.politicsn.政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见[u](P6,L10)用法：作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。类似的有：maths,physics,gymnastics（体操）,economics（经济学）,mechanics（力学，机械学）,athletics（田径运动）等。▲politicaladj.政治的，政府的，政权的▲politiciann.政治家，政客典题赏析：1)The________________toldusthat______________________________hisfavoritesubjectwhenhewasatcollege.Heoftentalkedabout________________eventswithhisclassmates.那位政治家告诉我们，当他上大学时，政治是他最喜爱的学科。他经常和同学们谈论政治事情。31.accusevt.谴责，控诉,控告(P6,L10)①accusesbof(doing)sth控告某人（干）某事②beaccusedof被控告犯有……罪表示“控告”或“指责”的其他短语：chargesb.with(doing)sth.控告某人（干）某事blamesb.for(doing)sth.责备某人（干）某事典题赏析：1)Thesoldierwasaccused_____________runningawaywhentheenemyattacked.2)Thecourtchargedhim_____________carryingdangerousthings.3)Theteacherblamedhim______________notfinishinghishomework.32.taxn.税，税款[c/u]vt.对……征税，使纳税；使负重担，使受压力(P6,L11)①ataxon…对……征的税②pay(heavy)taxes纳（重）税③freeoftax免税④before/aftertax税前/税后⑤taxsb./sth.对……征税⑥taxsb.with(doing)sth.指责某人（干）某事典题赏析：1)Everycitizenmust____________________ontime.每一位公民都必须按时纳税。2)Thetax______________tobaccoisheavyinBritain.烟在英国课以重税3)Tobacco____________________heavilyinBritain.烟在英国课以重税4)I____________him______________avoidinghisresponsibilityasaparent.我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。33.mountvi.逐渐增加，增长(P6,L13)vt.登上，爬上，走上；骑上，跨上；组织，发起n.山[c]①mountup（尺寸和数量上）增加，上升②mountastep/ahorse/abike/acampaign/aprotest登上台阶/骑马/骑自行车/发起运动/发起抗议③MountQomolangma/Everest珠穆朗玛峰典题赏析：1)Ourdebtsarebeginningto________________________again.我们的债务又开始增加了。2)He______________theplatformandaddressedtothecrowd.他登上讲台对人群发表演说。34.professionn.行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明[c](P6,L17)①byprofession按职业，作为职业②enter/gointo/joinaprofession加入一个行业▲professionaladj.职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的n.专门人员，专业人士；职业运动员[c]aprofessionaltennisplayer职业网球运动员professionalskill专门技巧professionalknowledge专业知识典题赏析：1)Hewasanelectrician______________________.他的职业是电工。2)Thesepeopleearnalivingwagefortheir_________________(profession)knowledgeandskills.35.witnessvt.&vi.是发生……的时间或地点，见证；目击；作证；是……的迹象n.目击者，见证人；证人[c](P8,L1)①witnessto(doing)sth.证明（干）某事②awitnessto………的目击者/证人③be(a)witnesstosth.目击，看见；证明……真实，为……提供证据④givewitnesstosth.为某事作证，证明某事典题赏析：1)Thepolicefoundthewitness____________themurder.2)Thedriverwitnessedto______________________(see)themanenterthebuilding.3)The1980s________________increasingunemploymentthroughoutEurope.20世纪80年代是全欧洲失业日益加剧的年代。4)Hisgoodhealthisa____________________________thesuccessofthetreatment.他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。5)Hislatestbook___________________________________________histalenttobeawriter.他的新书证明了他是个很有才华的作家。36.springn.春天/季[c/u]；泉，泉水[c]；弹簧，发条[c]；跳跃[c]；弹性[u]vi.跳，跃，弹跳；突然出现，迅速长出(up)；涌出，发出(from)；弹开(sprang/sprung-sprung)(P8,L13)①inspring在春天②ahot/mineralspring温泉/矿泉③springup迅速出现/长出，突然兴起/出现④springfrom突如其来地从……出现；由……引起⑤springintoaction/existence突然活跃起来/突然出现典题赏析：1)Fast-foodrestaurantsare____________________allovertown.快餐店突然出现在全市的各个角落。2)SincePerrywentabroad,hishousehasbeenneglectedandweedsare___________everywhere.自从佩里出国了，他的房子无人打理，杂草肆意生长。3)Whereonearthdidyou____________________?你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的？4)Thewholetownwould_________________________atcarnivaltime.狂欢节时，全镇的人都会突然活跃起来。37.broadcastn.广播节目，电视节目[c]vi.&vt.播送，广播；散布，传播(broadcast-broadcast)(P8,L122)①alivebroadcast现场直播，实况转播②broadcast…live对……进行现场直播③broadcastthefactthat…散布……的事实▲broadcastingn.广播，节目制作和播放[u]theBritishBroadcastingCorporation=theBBC▲broadcastern.广播员，节目主持人典题赏析：1)Wewatched_______________________ofthespeech.我们观看了那场演说的现场直播。2)Theconcertwill_______________________tomorrowevening.明晚的音乐会将现场直播。3)Therewasnoneed_____________________________thathelosthisjob.没有必要大肆散布他丢了工作这件事。38.persuadevt.说服，劝说；使信服(P11,L4)①persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人干某事②persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesb.outofdoingsth.说服某人不要干某事③persuadesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事▲persuasionn.说服，劝说[u]；（宗教或政治）信仰[c/u]④afteralittlegentlepersuasion好言相劝后⑤takeagreatdealofpersuasiontodosth.费尽口舌干某事⑥political/religiouspersuasion政治/宗教信仰▲persuasiveadj.有说服力的辨析：1)persuadesb.todosth.“说服某人干某事”，表示说服成功。2)trytopersuadesb.todosth.“努力说服某人干某事” 表示说服不一定成功。advisesb.todosth.“建议某人干某事”典题赏析：1)Wefinally_______________（说服）thepeasanttosendhisdaughtertoschool.【全国卷】2)Don’tletyourself________________（说服）toacceptanythingthatdoesn’tmakesensetoyou.3)Thankyouforpersuadingmymother___________________(let)mejointhefootballteam.4)WefinallypersuadedTom_____________thewisdomofthedecision.5)Myfatheradvisedmysistertobeadentist,andshewastouchedbyhis________________atlast,becausehiswordswereso_________________.(persuade)6)Hewasaheavysmoker.I______________________________himtogiveupsmokingbuthejustwouldn’tlistentome.他烟瘾很大，我努力说服他戒烟，但他总是不听我的。7)__________________________,heagreedtoletusin.好言相劝后，他同意让我们进去。39.channeln.途径，渠道；电视台；频道；方法；水渠；海峡[c](P11,L8)典题赏析：1)WewatchedthenewsonChannel4.意为：_______________2)Complaintsmustbemadethroughtheproperchannels.意为：_____________3)Musicisagreatchannelforreleasingyouremotions.意为：_______________4)TheEnglishChannelseparatesEnglandandFrance.意为：________________5)ManyirrigationchannelswereduginthecountrysideofChinainthe1950s.意为：__________40.peakadj.高峰时期的，最高度的，巅峰状态的n.顶峰，高峰；山峰；尖端[c]vi.达到高峰，达到最高值(P11,L11)①atpeaktimes在高峰时期②atone’speak(=atthepeakof)处于顶峰③reachone’speak达到顶峰典题赏析：1)MountQomolangmaistheworld’shighestpeak.意为：_______________2)Summeristhepeaktimeforelectricityconsumption.意为：_______________3)Theathletesareallinpeakcondition.意为：_______________4)FoodsalesusuallypeakjustbeforetheSpringFestivalinChina.意为：_______________5)Hercareeris___________________.她的事业处于鼎盛时期。6)Mostathleteshave___________________________bythetimetheyare20.大多数运动员20岁时已达到巅峰时期。41.advertisevi.&vt.做广告，登广告；公布，征聘；展现，宣传(P11,L12)①advertiseforsb./sth.登广告招聘某人/寻求某物▲advertisement(=ad)n.广告，启事；广告活动，广告宣传[c]②putanadvertisementinanewspaper在报纸上登广告▲advertisingn.广告，广告业[u]▲advertisern.广告商，广告人员[c]典题赏析：1)Thecompanywantsto___________________（登广告招聘）anewsalesmanager.2)I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition_____________（登广告）inyesterday’sChinaDaily.【北京卷】3)He______________________inthelocalnewspaper.他在当地的报纸上登了一则启事。4)Withthedevelopmentof_______________（广告业）,various______________（广告）comeintobeing.42.boostvt.使增长，使兴旺；增加，提高，促进；吹捧，大肆宣传；向上推起，托一把n.增长，提高；帮助，激励；向上一推/一举[c](P11,L14)①boostone’sconfidence/morale增强某人的信心/士气②boostup向上推起，托一把③givesb.aboost给某人帮助/激励；托某人一把典题赏析：1)Whatmyfathersaid___________________________.爸爸的话增强了我的信心。2)Theadvertisingcampaignisintendedto_____________sales.广告宣传活动旨在促销。3)IfI________________,couldyoureachthewindow?如果我托你一把，你能够到窗户吗？43.purchasevt.买，购买（尤指大或贵的物品）(P11,L18)n.购买，采购[c/u]；购买的东西，购买项目[c]purchaseprice购买价 date/timeofpurchase购买日期/时间proofofpurchase购物凭证 purchasingpower购买力①purchase…from…从……处购买……②makeapurchase购买，采购，买东西③onspecialpurchase特价出售▲purchasern.购买人，采购人员，买主典题赏析：1)Youcan_____________theequipment_