新（2024）外研版英语八年级上册 Unit 5 Play by the rules重点单词拓展讲解

新（2024）外研版英语八年级上册Unit5Playbytherules重点单词拓展讲解1.rule/ruːl/n.规则；规章；惯例同根词：rulern.统治者；rulingadj.统治的同义词：regulationn.规章；lawn.法律反义词：exceptionn.例外例句：Everyschoolhasitsownrulesthatstudentsmustfollow.每所学校都有自己的校规，学生必须遵守。2.obey/əˈbeɪ/v.服从；遵守；听话同根词：obediencen.服从；obedientadj.服从的同义词：followv.遵守；complyv.遵从反义词：disobeyv.违反例句：Alldriversmustobeythetrafficlightsforsafety.为了安全，所有司机都必须遵守交通信号灯。3.disobey/ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ/v.不服从；违反同根词：disobediencen.不服从；disobedientadj.不听话的同义词：breakv.违反；violatev.违背反义词：obeyv.服从例句：Studentswhodisobeytheschoolruleswillfaceconsequences.违反校规的学生将面临后果。4.follow/ˈfɒləʊ/v.跟随；遵守；理解同根词：followern.追随者；followingadj.接着的同义词：obeyv.遵守；pursuev.追求反义词：leadv.带领例句：Pleasefollowtheinstructionscarefullybeforeyoustarttheexperiment.开始实验前请仔细遵循操作说明。5.break/breɪk/v.打破；违反；弄坏n.休息同根词：brokenadj.破碎的；breakableadj.易碎的同义词：violatev.违反；damagev.破坏反义词：repairv.修理例句：Ifyoubreakthepromise,youwillloseyourfriend'strust.如果你违背诺言，你会失去朋友的信任。6.law/lɔː/n.法律；法规；定律同根词：lawfuladj.合法的；lawyern.律师同义词：rulen.规则；regulationn.法规例句：Stealingisagainstthelawineverycountry.偷窃在每个国家都是违法的。7.legal/ˈliːɡl/adj.合法的；法律的同根词：illegaladj.违法的；legallyadv.合法地同义词：lawfuladj.合法的；allowedadj.被允许的反义词：illegaladj.违法的例句：Youmustbeeighteenyearsoldtobealegaldriver.你必须年满十八周岁才是合法的驾驶员。8.illegal/ɪˈliːɡl/adj.违法的；不合法的同根词：legaladj.合法的；illegallyadv.违法地同义词：unlawfuladj.非法的；forbiddenadj.被禁止的反义词：legaladj.合法的例句：Itisillegaltodrivewithoutadrivinglicence.无证驾驶是违法的。9.punish/ˈpʌnɪʃ/v.惩罚；处罚同根词：punishmentn.惩罚；punishingadj.严厉的同义词：disciplinev.处罚；penalizev.处罚反义词：rewardv.奖励例句：Theteacherwillpunishanyonewhocheatsintheexam.老师会惩罚考试作弊的人。10.punishment/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/n.惩罚；处罚同根词：punishv.惩罚同义词：penaltyn.处罚；disciplinen.纪律反义词：rewardn.奖励例句：Thepunishmentforbreakingthewindowwastocleanitupandapologize.打破窗户的惩罚是清理并道歉。11.reward/rɪˈwɔːd/n.奖励；回报v.奖励同根词：rewardingadj.值得做的同义词：prizen.奖品；awardn.奖反义词：punishmentn.惩罚例句：Hardworkoftenbringsitsownrewardsintheend.努力最终往往会带来回报。12.fair/feə(r)/adj.公平的；公正的；合理的同根词：fairnessn.公平；unfairadj.不公平的同义词：justadj.公正的；equaladj.平等的反义词：unfairadj.不公平的例句：Thejudgemadeafairdecisionthateveryoneaccepted.法官做出了一个人人都接受的公正判决。13.unfair/ʌnˈfeə(r)/adj.不公平的；不公正的同根词：fairadj.公平的；unfairlyadv.不公平地同义词：unjustadj.不公正的；biasedadj.偏心的反义词：fairadj.公平的例句：Itseemsunfairthathewaspunishedwhileotherswentfree.其他人没事只有他受罚，这显得不公平。14.justice/ˈdʒʌstɪs/n.公正；正义；司法同根词：justadj.公正的；justifyv.证明有理同义词：fairnessn.公平；equalityn.平等反义词：injusticen.不公正例句：Weshouldallfightforjusticeandequalityinsociety.我们都应该为社会中的公正和平等而奋斗。15.respect/rɪˈspekt/v.尊敬；尊重n.尊敬同根词：respectfuladj.恭敬的；respectableadj.值得尊敬的同义词：admirev.钦佩；honourv.尊敬反义词：disrespectv.不尊敬例句：Youneedtorespecttherulesofthelibraryandkeepquiet.你需要遵守图书馆的规则并保持安静。16.polite/pəˈlaɪt/adj.有礼貌的；客气的同根词：politenessn.礼貌；politelyadv.有礼貌地同义词：courteousadj.有礼貌的；civiladj.文明的反义词：impoliteadj.不礼貌的；rudeadj.粗鲁的例句：Itispolitetosay“please”whenyouaskforsomething.你要东西时说声“请”是有礼貌的表现。17.rude/ruːd/adj.粗鲁的；无礼的同根词：rudenessn.粗鲁；rudelyadv.粗鲁地同义词：impoliteadj.不礼貌的；disrespectfuladj.不敬的反义词：politeadj.有礼貌的例句：Itisrudetointerruptsomeonewhentheyarespeaking.在别人说话时打断是很无礼的。18.behaviour/bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/n.行为；举止同根词：behavev.表现；behaviouraladj.行为的同义词：conductn.行为；mannern.举止例句：Goodbehaviourinclassmeanslisteningcarefullyandnottalkingoutofturn.课堂上的良好表现意味着认真听讲、不乱插嘴。19.behave/bɪˈheɪv/v.表现；守规矩同根词：behaviourn.行为；wellbehavedadj.乖巧的同义词：actv.表现；conductoneselfv.为人反义词：misbehavev.行为不端例句：Pleasebehaveyourselvesatthedinnertable.请在餐桌上守规矩。20.misbehave/ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/v.行为不端；举止失礼同根词：misbehaviourn.行为不端；behavev.表现同义词：actupv.调皮反义词：behavev.守规矩例句：Thechildrenwerewarnednottomisbehaveduringtheceremony.孩子们被警告不要在典礼上调皮捣蛋。21.allow/əˈlaʊ/v.允许；准许同根词：allowancen.零花钱；allowableadj.允许的同义词：permitv.允许；letv.让反义词：forbidv.禁止例句：Wearenotallowedtousemobilephonesduringexams.考试期间我们不准使用手机。22.forbid/fəˈbɪd/v.禁止；不准同根词：forbiddenadj.被禁止的；forbiddingadj.令人生畏的同义词：banv.禁止；prohibitv.不准反义词：allowv.允许例句：Smokingisstrictlyforbiddeninsidethebuilding.楼内严禁吸烟。23.ban/bæn/v.禁止；取缔n.禁令同根词：bannedadj.被禁的同义词：forbidv.禁止；prohibitv.不准反义词：allowv.允许例句：Somecitiesbantheuseoffireworkstoprotecttheenvironment.为了保护环境，一些城市禁止燃放烟花爆竹。24.permit/pəˈmɪt/v.允许；许可n.许可证同根词：permissionn.允许；permissibleadj.允许的同义词：allowv.允许；authorizev.授权反义词：forbidv.禁止例句：Youneedaspecialpermittofishinthislake.你需要有专门的许可证才能在这个湖里钓鱼。25.permission/pəˈmɪʃn/n.允许；许可同根词：permitv.允许；permissiveadj.放纵的同义词：approvaln.批准；consentn.同意反义词：refusaln.拒绝例句：Youshouldaskforpermissionbeforetakingphotosofstrangers.给陌生人拍照前应先征得许可。26.order/ˈɔːdə(r)/n.秩序；命令；订单v.命令；订购同根词：orderlyadj.有秩序的；disordern.混乱同义词：commandn.命令；sequencen.顺序反义词：disordern.混乱例句：Theteachertoldthestudentstokeeptheirdesksingoodorder.老师让学生们把课桌保持整齐。27.public/ˈpʌblɪk/adj.公共的；公众的n.公众同根词：publiclyadv.公开地；publicityn.宣传同义词：commonadj.公共的；openadj.公开的反义词：privateadj.私人的例句：Youshouldnotsmokeinpublicplaces.你不应该在公共场所吸烟。28.private/ˈpraɪvət/adj.私人的；秘密的同根词：privacyn.隐私；privatelyadv.私下地同义词：personaladj.个人的；confidentialadj.机密的反义词：publicadj.公共的例句：Thisisaprivateconversation.Pleasedon'tlisten.这是私人谈话，请别听。29.personal/ˈpɜːsənl/adj.个人的；私人的同根词：personn.人；personalityn.个性同义词：privateadj.私人的；individualadj.个人的反义词：publicadj.公共的例句：Don'tasktoomanypersonalquestionswhenyoufirstmeet.初次见面时不要问太多私人问题。30.right/raɪt/n.权利；正确adj.正确的；右边的同根词：rightfuladj.合法的；rightlyadv.正确地同义词：freedomn.自由；entitlementn.权利反义词：wrongn.错误例句：Everyonehastherighttoreceiveaneducation.每个人都有接受教育的权利。31.duty/ˈdjuːti/n.责任；义务；职责同根词：dutifuladj.尽职的；dutyfreeadj.免税的同义词：responsibilityn.责任；obligationn.义务反义词：rightn.权利例句：Itisacitizen'sdutytoobeythelaw.遵守法律是公民的义务。32.responsibility/rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/n.责任；负责同根词：responsibleadj.负责的；irresponsibleadj.不负责任的同义词：dutyn.责任；obligationn.义务例句：Keepingtheclassroomcleaniseveryone'sresponsibility.保持教室清洁是每个人的责任。33.responsible/rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj.负责的；有责任感的同根词：responsibilityn.责任；responsiblyadv.负责地同义词：dependableadj.可靠的；trustworthyadj.值得信赖的反义词：irresponsibleadj.不负责任的例句：Aresponsibledriverneverdrinksanddrives.有责任感的司机从不酒后驾车。34.punish/ˈpʌnɪʃ/v.惩罚；处罚同根词：punishmentn.惩罚；punishingadj.严厉的同义词：disciplinev.处罚；penalizev.处罚反义词：rewardv.奖励例句：Parentssometimesneedtopunishtheirchildrentoteachthemrightfromwrong.父母有时需要惩罚孩子来教会他们分辨是非。35.warn/wɔːn/v.警告；提醒同根词：warningn.警告；warnedadj.被警告的同义词：cautionv.警告；alertv.提醒例句：Thesignwarnsvisitorstokeepoffthewetpaint.告示牌提醒游客油漆未干，请勿靠近。36.warning/ˈwɔːnɪŋ/n.警告；警示同根词：warnv.警告同义词：cautionn.警示；alertn.警报例句：Theheavyrainbroughtafloodwarningtothearea.大雨给这个地区带来了洪水警报。37.remind/rɪˈmaɪnd/v.提醒；使想起同根词：remindern.提醒物；remindfuladj.留意的同义词：promptv.提示；recallv.回想例句：Pleaseremindmetoturnoffthelightsbeforeweleave.请提醒我在我们离开前关灯。38.attention/əˈtenʃn/n.注意；专心；关注同根词：attentiveadj.专心的；attentivelyadv.专心地同义词：focusn.专注；noticen.注意反义词：distractionn.分心例句：Youneedtopayfullattentionwhencrossingthebusyroad.你在过繁忙的马路时要全神贯注。39.notice/ˈnəʊtɪs/n.通知；注意v.注意到同根词：noticeableadj.明显的；notificationn.通知同义词：seev.看见；observev.观察反义词：ignorev.忽视例句：Didyounoticethenewtrafficsignsontheroad?你注意到路上的新交通标志了吗？40.signal/ˈsɪɡnəl/n.信号；暗号v.发信号同根词：signallern.信号员；signallingn.发信号同义词：signn.标志；indicationn.指示例句：Thedriverputonhissignallightbeforeturningright.司机右转前打开了信号灯。41.sign/saɪn/n.标志；符号；迹象v.签名同根词：signaln.信号；signaturen.签名同义词：symboln.符号；markn.标记例句：Followtheroadsignsandyouwon'tgetlost.沿着路标走你就不会迷路。42.instruction/ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/n.指示；命令；用法说明同根词：instructv.指示；instructorn.教练同义词：directionn.指引；ordern.命令例句：Readthesafetyinstructionsbeforeyouusethenewmachine.使用新机器前请阅读安全说明。43.guide/ɡaɪd/v.指导；引导n.指南；导游同根词：guidancen.指导；guidebookn.指南同义词：leadv.带领；directv.指引反义词：misleadv.误导例句：Letthemuseumguideleadyouthroughtheexhibition.让博物馆导游带你参观展览。44.lead/liːd/v.领导；带领；通向同根词：leadern.领导者；leadershipn.领导力同义词：guidev.引导；directv.指引反义词：followv.跟随例句：Thepathleadsdirectlytothetopofthemountain.这条小路直接通向山顶。45.direct/dəˈrekt/v.指导；导演；指向adj.直接的同根词：directionn.方向；directorn.导演同义词：guidev.引导；managev.管理反义词：indirectadj.间接的例句：Canyoudirectmetothenearestbusstation?你能给我指一下去最近的公交车站的路吗？46.direction/dəˈrekʃn/n.方向；指导；说明同根词：directv.指导；directionaladj.方向的同义词：wayn.方向；guidancen.指导例句：Whichdirectionshouldwego,leftorright?我们应该往哪个方向走，左还是右？47.safe/seɪf/adj.安全的；平安的同根词：safetyn.安全；safelyadv.安全地同义词：secureadj.安全的；protectedadj.受保护的反义词：dangerousadj.危险的例句：Alwayskeepyourvaluablesinasafeplace.总要把贵重物品放在安全的地方。48.safety/ˈseɪfti/n.安全；平安同根词：safeadj.安全的；safeguardv.保护同义词：securityn.安全；protectionn.保护反义词：dangern.危险例句：Roadsafetyisveryimportantforyoungchildren.道路安全对年幼的孩子非常重要。49.danger/ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/n.危险；威胁同根词：dangerousadj.危险的；endangerv.使处于危险同义词：riskn.风险；hazardn.危险反义词：safetyn.安全例句：Theredlightwarnsyouofpossibledangerahead.红灯警告你前方可能有危险。50.dangerous/ˈdeɪndʒərəs/adj.危险的同根词：dangern.危险；dangerouslyadv.危险地同义词：riskyadj.有风险的；hazardousadj.危险的反义词：safeadj.安全的例句：Itisdangeroustorunacrosstheroadwithoutlooking.不看路就跑过马路是很危险的。51.risk/rɪsk/n.风险；危险v.冒险同根词：riskyadj.有风险的；riskfreeadj.无风险的同义词：dangern.危险；chancen.风险反义词：safetyn.安全例句：Don'ttakeunnecessaryriskswhenyouareclimbing.登山时不要冒不必要的风险。52.careful/ˈkeəfl/adj.小心的；仔细的同根词：caren.小心v.在意；carelessadj.粗心的同义词：cautiousadj.谨慎的；alertadj.警惕的反义词：carelessadj.粗心的例句：Becarefulnottosliponthewetfloor.小心别在湿地板滑倒。53.careless/ˈkeələs/adj.粗心的；不小心的同根词：caren.小心；carelessnessn.粗心同义词：recklessadj.鲁莽的；thoughtlessadj.欠考虑的反义词：carefuladj.小心的例句：Acarelessdriveroftencausestrafficaccidents.粗心的司机经常引发交通事故。54.protect/prəˈtekt/v.保护；防护同根词：protectionn.保护；protectiveadj.保护的同义词：defendv.防御；guardv.守卫反义词：harmv.伤害例句：Wearingahelmetcanprotectyourheadwhileridingabike.骑自行车时戴上头盔能保护你的头部。55.defend/dɪˈfend/v.防御；保护；为……辩护同根词：defencen.防御；defensiveadj.防卫的同义词：protectv.保护；guardv.守卫反义词：attackv.攻击例句：Weshouldalwaysdefendtherightsoftheweak.我们应始终维护弱者的权利。56.attack/əˈtæk/v.攻击；袭击n.攻击同根词：attackern.攻击者；attackingadj.进攻的同义词：assaultv.袭击；strikev.打击反义词：defendv.防御例句：Thedogattackedthestrangerwhotriedtoentertheyard.那只狗攻击了试图进入院子的陌生人。57.community/kəˈmjuːnəti/n.社区；社会；团体同根词：communaladj.公共的；communismn.共产主义同义词：societyn.社会；neighbourhoodn.街区例句：Thecommunitycentreoffersfreeclassesforolderpeople.社区中心为老年人提供免费课程。58.social/ˈsəʊʃl/adj.社会的；社交的同根词：societyn.社会；socializev.社交同义词：communaladj.公共的；publicadj.公众的反义词：privateadj.私人的例句：Goodsocialskillshelpyougetalongwithothers.良好的社交技能有助于你与他人相处。59.society/səˈsaɪəti/n.社会；社团；协会同根词：socialadj.社会的；sociableadj.好交际的同义词：communityn.社区；nationn.国家例句：Lawsaremadetokeeporderinsociety.制定法律是为了维护社会秩序。60.citizen/ˈsɪtɪzn/n.公民；市民；居民同根词：citizenshipn.公民身份；cityn.城市同义词：residentn.居民；nationaln.国民例句：Everycitizenshoulddotheirparttoprotecttheenvironment.每个公民都应尽自己的一份力保护环境。61.volunteer/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/n.志愿者v.自愿做同根词：voluntaryadj.自愿的；voluntarilyadv.自愿地同义词：helpern.帮手例句：Manyvolunteerscametohelpcleantheparkafterthestorm.暴风雨后许多志愿者前来帮忙打扫公园。62.help/help/v.帮助；援助n.帮助同根词：helpfuladj.有用的；helplessadj.无助的同义词：assistv.帮助；aidv.援助反义词：harmv.伤害例句：Neighboursshouldhelpeachotherintimesofdifficulty.邻居在困难时期应该互相帮助。63.assist/əˈsɪst/v.帮助；协助同根词：assistancen.帮助；assistantn.助手同义词：helpv.帮助；aidv.援助反义词：hinderv.阻碍例句：Theguidewillassistyouwithanyheavyluggage.导游会帮您搬任何沉重的行李。64.support/səˈpɔːt/v.支持；帮助n.支持同根词：supportern.支持者；supportiveadj.支持的同义词：helpv.帮助；encouragev.鼓励反义词：opposev.反对例句：Friendsshouldalwayssupportoneanotherindifficulttimes.朋友在困难时应该互相支持。65.encourage/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/v.鼓励；激励同根词：encouragementn.鼓励；couragen.勇气同义词：inspirev.激励；supportv.支持反义词：discouragev.使气馁例句：Teachersshouldencouragestudentstoaskmorequestions.老师应该鼓励学生多提问。66.praise/preɪz/v.赞扬；表扬n.赞扬同根词：praiseworthyadj.值得赞扬的同义词：complimentv.称赞；applaudv.赞许反义词：criticizev.批评例句：Themotherpraisedherchildforsharingtoys.妈妈夸奖了孩子分享玩具。67.blame/bleɪm/v.责备；责怪n.责任同根词：blamelessadj.无可指责的；blameworthyadj.该受责备的同义词：criticizev.批评；accusev.指责反义词：praisev.赞扬例句：Don'talwaysblameothersforyourownmistakes.不要总为自己的错误责怪别人。68.apologize/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v.道歉；认错同根词：apologyn.道歉；apologeticadj.道歉的同义词：saysorryv.道歉例句：Youshouldapologizetoyoursisterforbreakinghertoy.你应该为弄坏妹妹的玩具向她道歉。69.apology/əˈpɒlədʒi/n.道歉；歉意同根词：apologizev.道歉同义词：excusen.歉意；regretn.遗憾例句：Hewrotealetterofapologytohisfriend.他给朋友写了一封道歉信。70.forgive/fəˈɡɪv/v.原谅；宽恕同根词：forgivenessn.原谅；forgivableadj.可原谅的同义词：pardonv.原谅；excusev.谅解反义词：blamev.责备例句：Ittakesabighearttoforgivesomeonewhohashurtyou.原谅伤害过你的人需要很大的胸怀。71.argue/ˈɑːɡjuː/v.争论；争吵同根词：argumentn.争论；argumentativeadj.好争论的同义词：quarrelv.争吵；disputev.争论反义词：agreev.同意例句：Itisnormalforfriendstoarguesometimes,buttheyshouldmakeupsoon.朋友之间有时争吵是正常的，但应很快和好。72.quarrel/ˈkwɒrəl/v.争吵；吵架n.争吵同根词：quarrelsomeadj.爱争吵的同义词：arguev.争论；fightv.吵架反义词：agreev.同意例句：Thetwobrothershadaquarreloveravideogame.两兄弟为了一款电子游戏吵了一架。73.conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/n.冲突；矛盾v.冲突同根词：conflictingadj.冲突的；conflictualadj.冲突的同义词：fightn.争斗；disagreementn.分歧反义词：agreementn.一致；peacen.和平例句：Learningtosolveconflictspeacefullyisanimportantlifeskill.学会和平解决冲突是一项重要的生活技能。74.solve/sɒlv/v.解决；处理同根词：solutionn.解决办法；solvableadj.可解决的同义词：resolvev.解决；settlev.处理反义词：causev.引起例句：Talkingopenlycanhelpsolvemostproblemsbetweenfriends.坦诚交谈能解决朋友间的大多数问题。75.solution/səˈluːʃn/n.解决办法；答案同根词：solvev.解决；solvableadj.可解决的同义词：answern.答案；resolutionn.解决反义词：problemn.问题例句：Afteralongtalk,theyfinallyfoundasolutiontotheproblem.长谈之后，他们终于找到了问题的解决办法。76.deal/diːl/v.处理；应对；交易n.交易同根词：dealern.商人；dealingn.交易同义词：handlev.处理；managev.设法应对例句：Weneedtolearnhowtodealwithpressureinahealthyway.我们需要学会以健康的方式应对压力。77.trust/trʌst/v.信任；信赖n.信任同根词：trustworthyadj.值得信赖的；trustfuladj.容易相信的同义词：believev.相信；relyonv.依赖反义词：doubtv.怀疑例句：Withouttrust,itishardtobuildastrongrelationship.没有信任就很难建立牢固的关系。附：主要短语一、规则与法律1.playbytherules按规则行事2.obeytherules遵守规则3.breaktherules违反规则4.followthelaw遵守法律5.againstthelaw违法6.keeporder维持秩序7.inpublicplaces在公共场所8.schoolrules校规9.trafficrules交通规则二、权利与