2025-2026学年北京市第101中学高一（下）期末英语试卷（含答案）

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2025-2026学年北京市第101中学高一（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解

Iwasluckyenoughtotestintothebesthighschoolinthecity.Butthencamemy

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：AmIgoodenough？Itwasaquestionthat

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methroughmyfirstmonth，evenasIsettledin，evenasIgotusedtotheearlymorningwake-upsandmovingbetweenbuildingsforclass.

IknewIhadtoworktogroundmyself.Myearlieststrategyinvolvedkeepingquietandtryingto

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mynewclassmates.Whowerethesekidsanyway？Howdidtheylearninschool？AllIknewwasthattheywerethesmartestkidsinthecity，obviously.

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wasn'tIaswell？Hadn'tIlandedherebecauseIwassmartlikethem？ThetruthisthatIdidn'tknow.This

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waslikeadeadlycellthatthreatenedtodivideanddivideagain，unlessIcouldfindsomewaytostopit.

Fortunately，myfirstroundofgradesturnedouttobe

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，andsodidmysecond.Overthecourseofmyfirsttwoyears，Ibegantobuildthesamekindof

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I'dhadatmypreviousschool.Witheachlittleachievement，mydoubtslowly

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.

Ilovedanysubjectthatinvolvedwritingandlaboredthroughmath.Ihadclassmateswhowerealwaysasteportwoaheadofme，whoseachievementsseemedeffortless，butItriednottoletthatgettome.IwasbeginningtounderstandthatifIputinextrahoursofstudying，Icouldoften

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thegap.Iwasn'tastraight-Astudent，butIwasalways

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andImadeprogress.1.A.excitement B.satisfaction C.anger D.worry2.A.freed B.guided C.warmed D.dogged3.A.observe B.admire C.support D.calm4.A.Or B.So C.But D.For5.A.guess B.doubt C.interest D.risk6.A.excellent B.average C.different D.unique7.A.responsibility B.friendship C.confidence D.teamwork8.A.poppedout B.fadeaway C.hungon D.builtup9.A.close B.notice C.locate D.create10.A.expecting B.trying C.wondering D.suffering11.A

BradAronson'slifechangedinstantlywhenhiswife，Mia，wasdiagnosedwithcancer.Fortwoandahalfyears，amidthestressanddespairofwaitingforthe（1）

（treat）towork，theyreceivedanoutpouringofkindnessfromfriends，family，andevencompletestrangers.Inspiredbythis"humankindness"，Bradbeganwritingaboutthose（2）

rescuedhisfamily，buthedidn'tstopthere.Knowingthatsmallactsofkindnesstransformlivesacrosstheglobe，he（3）

（seek）outthesestoriesandsharedsomeofthebestinhisbookHumankind，whichbecameabest-selleronce（4）

（publish）.

BEverwonderwhysomehabitsarenearlyimpossibletochange？Infact，yourbraindoesn'tdistinguishbetweengoodhabitsandbadhabits.Theprocessisthesamewhetheryouhabituallydrinkwateralldayorreachforacigarettewhenfeelingstressed.Thisexplains（5）

habitsinvolvingdopamine-richrewardslikeeatingsweetscanbesohardtobreak.Thereinforcementfromdopamine—thepleasurechemical—iswhywillpoweraloneisn'tenough.Onekeyinsightfromhabitresearchisthathabits（6）

（replace）insteadofbeingremoved.Youneedtoexchangeit（7）

abetteralternativethatstillgivesyourbrainareward.

CAgainstthebackgroundofsevereclimateissues，Chinahasactivelypushedforwardthegreentransitionandsecuredremarkableachievements.Sofar，China（8）

（develop）theglobe'slargestnewenergyindustrialchain.Itsupplies80percentoftheworld'ssolarpanelsand70percentofglobalwindpowerequipment.Beyonditsborders，Chinaalsohelpsotherdeveloping（9）

（country）copewithclimaterisksthroughSouth-Southcooperation，（10）

（contribute）toamorestableandinclusiveglobalenergysystem.ForChina，thegreentransitionisneverazero-sumgame，butratheranewfrontierforglobalcooperation.C

Sevenchildrenlineup，awaitingtheirturnonaslide.Aseachchildrushesdown，theonesbehindlaughandcheer.SuchsceneisrareinLagos，oneofAfrica'sfastest-growingcities，withapopulationofabout17million.Butonthecity'soutskirts，agarbage-site-turned-parkisofferingroomforkidstoplay.Theprojectisthebrainchildof17-year-oldAmaraNwuneli，whowantstoprovethateveninLagos'mostcrowdedcorners，childrencanhavefun.

ForAmara，thepathtobuildingparksbeganwhenaterriblefloodstruckherhometownin2020.Heavyrainsswallowedentireneighborhoods，leavingthousandsoffamilieshomeless."Peoplejustsaiditwasgovernmentfailureorbadluck."Amararecalls.But，later，sherealizeditwaswhatwascalledNigeria's"climateapathy"：thetendencytoviewfloods，heatwaves，anddroughtsasisolatedincidentsratherthanconsequencesofawarmingplanet.

"Iwantedtochangethemindset，"Amarasays."Ifpeopledon'tfeelconnectedtonature，theywon'tfighttoprotectit.AndIknewthathadtostartwithcreatingspacespeoplecouldactuallyseeandfeel."

Itwasnoeasytask.AmarafirstcontactedtheLagosStateGovernment，whichofferedlandbutimposedrestrictionsthatmadelong-termconstructionimpossible.Aftermonthsofdeadends，sheshiftedstrategyandstartedlookingforalternativespacesthatwereaccessibletohigh-riskcommunities.Eventually，Amarasecuredagarbagesite.Shethenmobilizedateamofartists，volunteers，andsmalldonorstoclearthetrashandrebuildthesitewithrecycledmaterials.Threemonthslater，theparkopened.

Amaraisnowplanningtwomoreparks.Shesayscommunitiesfromacrossthecountryhavebeenreachingouttoherteamforadviceonhowtoreclaimabandonedspacesforpublicuse."Thatcreatesakindofcycle，"Amarareflects."Itakeaction，othersnotice，theywanttotakeaction，too.Andtogether，itgrows."12.WhatmightbeaproblemLagosisfacing？______A.Insufficientpublicareas. B.Poorgarbagemanagement.

C.Limitedrecreationalactivities. D.Uncontrolledpopulationgrowth.13.WhatqualitydoesAmarademonstratewhencompletingtheproject？______A.Integrity. B.Optimism. C.Flexibility. D.Confidence.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？______A.Itisnevertoolatetoact.

B.Everycloudhasasilverlining.

C.Joysharedisjoydoubled.

D.Smallstepsmakeabigdifference.D

Inrecentresearch，mycolleaguesandIsetouttoinvestigatetheneuralmechanismsunderlyingexperienceslikesolvingchallengingproblems.Specifically，wewantedtounderstandwhathappensinthebrainwhileapersonengagesinabstractanddemandingthought-sowedesignedastudyinvolvingmathexpertise.

Forourstudy，weselected22universitystudentsmajoringinmathematics，alongwith22studentsfromotherdisciplines.Weaskedthestudentstowatchstep-bysteppresentationsthatexplainedhowtosolveseveralchallengingmathproblems.Throughoutthisdemonstration，thestudentsworeacapcoveredwithelectrodes（电极）sothatwecouldtrackelectricalactivityintheirbrains.Aftereachpresentation，theyhadtoreportwhethertheythoughttheyhadunderstoodthepresentationsandhowengagedtheyfeltduringtheexperience.

Wefoundthatstudentswhosecourseworkinvolvedlittlemathematicsshowedmoresignsofcomplexactivityintheprefrontalcortex（皮层），indicatinghowhardtheywereworkingtounderstandthevariousstepsofthecomplexmathdemonstrations.However，intheothergroup，wenotedsignificantactivitylinkingthefrontalandparietal（顶骨）regionsoftheirbrain.Morespecifically，theseareasexhibitedapatternofactivitydescribedasdeltawaves.

Somerecentresearchsuggeststhatthesedeltawavesmayplayacrucialroleinthecognitiveprocessingthatsupportsdeepinternalconcentrationandtherelocationofinformationbetweendistantbrainregions.Infact，wesuspectthatthelong-distancedeltawavesweobservedmayplayacentralrolewheneverpeopleengageincontextualandcomplexproblem-solving.Thissuggeststhatengagingbrainnetworksinthiswaycouldbeusefulformanytasksrequiringconcentration.It'slikelythatwhenpeoplewithextensiveexperienceinataskaredeeplyengagedinthateffort，thesesamedeltawavesareinvolved，evenasthespecificbrainnetworksvary.It'salsopossible—thoughwe'llneedtoinvestigatefurthertobesure—thatthisstateofdeepconcentrationisgeneralizable：developingthiswayofthinkinginonedomaincouldhelpyouinothers.

Thesefindingssuggestatrade-offthatpeopleshouldkeepinmind-particularlyasartificialintelligenceandothertoolsoffershortcutsforvariousformsofproblemsolving.EachtimeweoffloadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAItosummarizeanessay，weloseanopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpracticedeepconcentration.Tobeclear，technologiescanboostourefficiencyinimportantways，buttheseemingly"inefficient"hardworkwedocanbepowerful，too.15.Basedonthestudyresults，howdoMathmajorsprocesschallengingmathproblemsdifferentlyfromnon-Mathmajors？______A.Theyexperiencelessengagementduringproblem-solvingtasks.

B.Theyusemoreareasoftheirprefrontalcortextosolveproblems.

C.Theydisplaydeltawaveactivitylinkingfrontalandparietalregions.

D.Theyshowsloweroverallbrainactivityduringcomplexproblem-solving.16.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sviewontheroleof"inefficient"work？______A.Ithelpsthosewhoaregoodatsubjectslikemath.

B.Itimprovesengagementbuthasnocognitivebenefits.

C.Itwastestimeandresourcescomparedtousingtechnology.

D.Itallowsthebraintobuildskillsthataretransferabletoothertasks.17.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage？______A.WhichtoChoose：EfficiencyorHardWork？

B.WhatBenefitsUsMore：AIToolsorDeepConcentration？

C.EmployingComplexMathProblemstoEnhanceDeltaWaves

D.DevelopingExpertiseImprovestheBrain'sAbilitytoConcentrateE

Afewyearsago,theCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure'ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?

Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish's.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnectedtheories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(传达)informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.

Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday'spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模拟的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.

Similarly,thegoldfish'sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish'sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.

Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist'straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"distorted"inParagraphmostprobablymean?A.Original. B.Accurate. C.Distant. D.False.19.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory.

B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.

C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld.

D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nature'smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.

B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.

C.People'stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.

D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.21.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______.A.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomed

B.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheory

C.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworld

D.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleoneHowMusicHelpsEasePaininHospitals

NurseRodSalaysayusesvariousinstrumentsinhiswork—notonlymedicaltoolsbutalsohisguitarandukulele.Intherecoveryunit，hehelpspatientsmanagepainaftersurgery.Alongwithmedicine，heplaysmusicorsingsattheirrequest.

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Hisperformancesoftenleadtopatientssmilingornoddingalong.Sometimes，theirheartratesandbloodpressureevenimprove，andsomeneedlesspainmedication.

Music'spain-relievingeffect—calledmusic-inducedanalgesia—isnowbeingstudiedscientifically.Nooneclaimsmusiccantakeawayseverepainentirely，though.

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"There'softenacycleofworry，pain，andanxietyinahospital，"Salaysaysaid."Butmusiccanhelpbreakthatcycle."

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Overrecentdecades，liveandprerecordedmusichaveenteredmorehospitalsasresearchexploreshowmusicaffectspain.

Whatmakesmusiceffectiveagainstpain？"Painiscreatedbyphysicalsensation，ourthoughtsaboutit，andouremotionalreaction，"explainedpsychologistAdamHanley.Musicactsasadistraction，pullingattentionawayfromdiscomfort.

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Familiarandwell-likedmusictendstoworkbestbecauseitactivatesemotionsandmemoriesmorestrongly.

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AstudyfromtheNetherlandstestedfivemusicgenresandfoundnosingletypewasmosteffective—whatmatteredwasthatlistenersenjoyedthemusic.Anotherstudyfoundthatlettingpeoplechoosetheirownmusicincreasedpaintolerance.Focusedlistening，ratherthantreatingmusicasbackgroundnoise，alsoimprovestheeffect.

A.Butitdoesmore—itengagesthebrainbroadly，changingthepainexperience.

B.Heisnotaloneinusingmusicasaformoftherapy（治疗）.

C.However，themusicmustbesoftandslowtohaveanyrealeffect.

D.Patientsusuallyprefermodernpopsongstoclassicalmusic.

E.It'snotjustaboutdistraction—patientchoiceandactivelisteningmattertoo.

F.Hissongchoicesincludefolkmusicindifferentlanguagesandpiecesfromclassicalandsoundtracks.

G.Recentresearchsuggestsmusiccanreducehowmuchpainpeoplefeelorincreasetheirabilitytotolerateit.22.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G23.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G24.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G25.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G26.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G27.

SharedServicesNeedMoreImaginationSupposeyouneedtodrillaholeinthewalltohanganitembutdonotownapowerdrill.Youmayregarditasexpensivetobuyapowerdrillandconsiderrentingone.Sharingisthesolution.Thesharingindustryisanemerging,highlyflexibleeconomicnetworkthatallowspeopletoshareresources,eitherfreeorforafee.

Theimportantideaofthesharingindustryisthatpeoplemightonlyneedanitemforarelativelyshortperiod.Theprivatepartofsharedserviceshasbeenmovingtowardsthisareasincethebeginningofthe1980s,andthenthepublicparthastakennoteofthebenefitsandcontinuedforbestpractice.TheUnitedStatesandAustraliaamongothershavehadsharedservicesingovernmentsincethelate1990s.

Withtheriseofthesharingindustry,thebest-knownsharedbikesandsharedcarshavegotalotofpublicattention.Thiskindoftransportationissoenvironmentally-friendlythatitisincreasinglypopularamongpeopleinmanycities.

Ofcoursesharedservicesdon'tneedtobelimitedtomachines.Therealpay-offinsharedservicesprobablyliesinrentingoutsmaller,lessheavyitems.Forexample,intoday'scasualenvironment,youdon'tneedatieunlessyou'regoingtoaweddingorajobinterview.Sosomecompanieswouldletyoupickupatiewhenyouneededitandonlywhenyouneededit.Anotherexampleisanumbrella-sharingservice.Sincevisitorsdon'twanttobecarryingumbrellasalltheway,itwouldbecheaperandeasiertosimplyborrowanumbrellaononestreetcorneranddropitoffonanother.

RecentlyorganisationsthathavecentralisedtheirITfunctionshavebeguntotakeacloselookatthetechnologyservicesthattheirITdepartmentsprovideforcustomers,evaluatingwhereitmakessensetoprovidetechnologycomponents.E-mailandscanning（扫描）operationswereobviousearlycandidates.Manyorganisationsarenowofferingtheirdocument-intensiveoperationsasasharedservice.Thereisnodoubtthatpeoplearecallingfortheexpansionofsharedservicestomoreandmoreareas.(1)Whatisthesharingindustry?______(2)Whydoessharedtransportationreceiveattentionfrompeople?______(3)

Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

➢Sharedservicesaregettingincreasinglypopularfortheirconvenience,buttherearestillcallsforexpansiontowiderareasbecausetheyarecurrentlyrestrictedtomachines.______(4)Pleaseprovideanotherexampleofsharedservicesandexplainyourreason.(about40words)______二、书面表达28.

假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim来信告知他正在学习汉语，计划借助人工智能（AI）助力汉语学习，他发来邮件向你征询AI.辅助语言学习的建议。请你给他写一封回信，内容包含：

（1）利用AI学习汉语的具体建议；

（2）提醒合理使用AI。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）信件开头、结束语已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim，

______

Yours，LiHua29.Tom

theartofpublicspeaking，youmustpracticenotonlywhattosaybutalsohowtopause，breathe，anduseyourvoiceeffectively.30.Shefinallygainedrecognitionasaserious

（作曲家）whenherfirstsymphonywasperformedbythenationalorchestra.31.Inthiswritingclass，simplysummarizingwhatothershavesaidisnotconsidered

（可接受的），andyoumustaddyourownargumentoranalysis.32.Effectiveenvironmentalprotectionmeasuresarenecessarytostopthee

ofendangeredanimalsaroundtheworld.33.Manyartcentersmakelittlep

，buttheyofferfreeartactivitiesforyoungpeople.34.Inthewild.ananimal'ss

dependsnotonlyonfindingfoodbutalsoonadaptingtochangingweatherconditions.35.Teachershavecreatedmanyusefulnewa

tomakegrammarlearningmuchmoreinterestingforteenagers.36.Greatenvironmentalimprovementso

tenyearsagowhenpeoplebegantosortwaste.37.IfyoutakeeverychancetouseEnglishindailylife，youcana

（习得）valuablelearningskillsstepbystep.38.Teachersshould

（使暴露）studentstoavarietyofopinionsandarguments，notjustthosethatsupporttheteacher'sownviews.39.每当美术老师讲授杰出匠人时，他总是提及潜心钻研的艺术前辈，激起同学们由衷地敬佩。

Wheneverourarttutorgavelecturesonoutstandingcraftsmen，healways

thosededicatedveteranartists，arousingsincereadmirationamongstudents.40.为打造绿色校园，一群热心学子主动牵头负责校园环保志愿宣传活动。

Withthegoalofbuildinganeco-campus，agroupofwarm-heartedteenagersvolunteered

thevoluntaryenvironmentalpublicitycampaignoncampus.41.为践行低碳生活理念，近几年来很