模块二　第5讲　介词(短语)

语法精析•洞悉考情语法精讲•把握规律第5讲介词(短语)语法精析•洞悉考情【考情探究】近3年新高考卷对于介词的考查共计5次,主要考查:速览考频新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷202420232022介词的基本用法100介词的习惯搭配121【备考策略】“四种方法”确定介词(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系;(2)根据语境含义并结合介词用法;(3)根据特殊的结构关系,如接复合宾语就只能用with或without;(4)根据介词与动词、形容词、名词等的搭配。语法精讲•把握规律考点一介词的基本用法1.with/without复合结构介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词(分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词)在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。※Iwillhavetobuyanewonewithmyglassesbroken.※Withsomethingimportanttotalkaboutwithyou,youmuststayhere.2.by,on都可表示旅行的方式(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不加冠词。如bysea,bywater,byland,byrail,byair等。(2)涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词须用单数形式,前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如bybike,bytaxi,byplane,byship/boat,bytrain,byspaceship等。(3)步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如onfoot,onhorseback,onahorse,onthecamel等。3.with,by,in三词都可表示“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式(1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。※Wedonotseenaturewith

our

eyes,butwith

our

understandings

and

our

hearts.(2)by,in多用于无形的工具、方式或手段之前。如byhand,inink等。4.of+抽象名词的用法(1)of+great/much+抽象名词=very+抽象名词的形容词形式(2)of+no+抽象名词=not+抽象名词的形容词形式※Basicresearchisof

great

importanceinallscientificfields.=Basicresearchisvery

importantinallscientificfields.※Allourpersuasionwasof

no

use;shewouldnotcome.=Allourpersuasionwasnot

useful;shewouldnotcome.5.介词but的固定搭配havenochoicebuttodo别无选择只得做……can’thelpbutdo不得不做……can’tchoosebutdo别无选择只得做……butfor要不是……※I

have

no

choice

but

todoashetellsme.※Itrainedhard,sotheycouldn’t

choose

but

stayathome.6.名词key,approach,solution,answer,entrance,visit,attitude等与to构成固定搭配※Wehaveaverycommunicativeapproach

toteachinglanguages.※Wemustfindasatisfactorysolution

totheproblem.7.介词by的用法(1)by+地点名词:表示方位,意为“在……旁边”。(2)by+时间名词:意为“到……时(已发生某事);最晚,不迟于,在……之前”,此时谓语多用完成时。(3)by+名词:可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。※Icanfindtwotablesby

the

windowforyou.※Canyouhaveyourreportreadyforthepressby

next

week?※Iusedtotravelby

airagreatdealwhenIwasaboy.【活学活用】(1)(2024·张家口模拟)AmongtheHanpeople,whichmakeupavastmajorityofChina’stotalpopulation,thepassageintoadulthoodisnolongercelebrated,______

inthoseverytraditionalfamilies.(2)(2024·陕西安康模拟)TolearnhowtocombineTCM(TraditionalChineseMedicine)withWesternanesthetictechnology,Yurasekandco-workerRobertFischervisitedthehospital____

acoupleofweeksinSeptember2018.(3)(2024·大连模拟)_______

traditionalChinesedetectivefiction,whichoftencombinessupernaturalelements,thenewseriesemphasizeslogic,reason,andrealism.exceptforUnlike(4)(2024·山西模拟)OldstoneroadsgothroughwoodenbuildingsandcourtyardsbuiltduringtheMingandQingdynasties_____

theYangtzeRiverflowingbysoutheastofthetown.(5)(2024·周口模拟)Thevaccinerequiredaparticlethatwouldstimulateanimmuneresponsetothevirus,________

causinganinfection.ThiswasasignificantfocusofDrZhou’sworkwithProfessorFrazerandin1990,workingalsowithhiswife,hesucceededincreatingavirus-likeparticlethatwasnowthebasis___

theGardasilandCervarixvaccines.(6)(2024·上海模拟)_____

theimpactofclimatechangebecomingnotable,it’sperfectlyunderstandablethatthebuildingsofthefuturecouldfunctionasenvironmentallyfriendlypowerplants.withwithoutofWith(7)(2024·江苏模拟)AccordingtotheUNESCOdescription,theDazuRockCarvingsareremarkable____

theirrichdiversityofsubjectmatterandthelighttheycastondailylifeinancientChina.(8)(2024·江苏模拟)TianshuiMalatanghasattractedconsiderableattention_____

foodenthusiastsandsocialmediainfluencersonline,celebratingthecity’siconicdishofhotpot.(9)(2024·菏泽模拟)Looking_______

China,acupuncture(针灸)hasbecomeaglobaltreatment.(10)(2024·江苏模拟)Dialogues______

timeandspacearehappeninginnewwaysattheNMC(theNationalMuseumofChina).forfrombeyondacross考点二介词的习惯搭配1.与形容词构成的搭配be+adj.+aboutbeanxiousabout对……忧虑becuriousabout对……好奇be+adj.+atbeangryat因……生气begoodat擅长be+adj.+inbeabsorbedin专注于beactivein积极于bedressedin穿着beengagedin忙于be+adj.+forbeeagerfor渴望befamousfor因……著名befitfor适合,胜任bereadyfor准备好be+adj.+frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于be+adj.+tobecloseto接近bedevotedto致力于beequalto等于befamiliarto对……来说熟悉be+adj.+ofbeawareof意识到befondof喜欢be+adj.+withbebusywith忙于befamiliarwith熟悉bepatientwith对……有耐心2.与名词构成的搭配“at+n.”表示状态ataloss不知所措atpeace处于和平中atwar在战争中atwork在工作“on+n.”表示状态onexhibition/show在展出onfire着火onsale出售,打折ontheway在途中“by+n.”表示方式byaccident偶然byair/plane乘飞机bychance偶然bydesign故意地“in+n.”表示方式incash用现金付款inperson亲自indetail详细地“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的ofuse有用的“out

of+n.”表示状态outofbalance失去平衡outofbreath上气不接下气“with+n.”表示方式withdelight/joy高兴地withdifficulty困难地【活学活用】(1)(2024·张家口模拟)Andso,___

theend,Iacceptedtheinvitation.(2)(2024·安康模拟)Nanquan,orSouthernFist,ispartofTaolu,whichconsists___

stylesthatoriginatedandarepopularinthesouthernbanksoftheYangtzeRiver.(3)(2024·辽宁模拟)Thesummit,JadeEmperorPeak,standing___

analtitudeof1,545meters,providestouristswitharemarkablebird’seyeperspectiveofTai’ancity.(4)(2024·吉安模拟)Ontheopeningday,singersperformed,_____

theaimofconveyingculturalconfidencetotheaudienceandimprovingawarenessofpreservingtraditionalculture.inofatwith(5)(2024·怀化模拟)Over400piecesorsetsofDehuawhiteporcelain(德化白瓷)are___

displayintheNationalMuseumofChinainBeijing,withtheexhibitionrunningfromAug.26forthreemonths.(6)Theysellqualityartsupplies___

discountprices.(7)(2024·十堰模拟)Thetwocelebritiesdedicatedamonth___

learningtheartfromscratch,beginningwiththebasicskillsofhandlingcowhide(牛皮革).onatto(8)(2024·怀化模拟)LikemanytraditionalChineseartforms,Kunquhasbeenfaced_____

competitionfrommasscultureandalackofinterestamongyoungpeople.(9)(2024·浙江模拟)Fengshuiexplorestherelationshipbetweenhumansandtheirenvironment,believingthatgeographicsurroundingsandlayoutshaveaprofoundimpact___

one’slifeandfortune.(10)(2024·辽宁模拟)Afterthis,theDalahorseswereseen___

asymbolofSwedenandmassproductionofthehorsesstarted.(11)(2024·扬州模拟)China’sprideinitsspaceachievementsisalsoanexpressionofthanks___

peoplewhohavemadecontributions.withonasto(12)(2024·南通模拟)___

theendof2021,morethan180countriesandregionsaroundtheworldhadofferededucationinChineselanguage,morethan70countrieshadincludedChineseintheirnationaleducationsystems.(13)(2024·扬州模拟)Bydoingso,itbreaks_____________

geographicalbarriersandallowspeoplefromanywheretoexperiencethebeautyoftheseartworkswithoutphysicallybeingthere.(14)(2024·苏州模拟)These