模块四　第12讲　特殊句式

语法精析•洞悉考情语法精讲•把握规律语法精练•对接高考第12讲特殊句式语法精析•洞悉考情【考情探究】近3年新高考卷对于特殊句式未考查。【备考策略】

预测新高考卷主要考查特殊句式中的强调句型,需要注意:1.强调句型用于强调陈述句;2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;4.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句中的语序;5.强调句型用于强调not...until...句型。语法精讲•把握规律考点一祈使句

祈使句表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1.行为动词原形+其他成分※Inanyunsafesituation,simplypressthebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.在任何不安全的情况下,只要按下按钮,一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。2.Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)※Be

carefultoavoidbeingsubjectiveandone-sided.切忌主观片面。3.Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分※Let

Tom

gotherehimself.让汤姆自己去那里。祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never。※Don’t

swimintheriver.别在河里游泳。※Never

answerthephonewhiledriving.决不在开车时接电话。考点二感叹句

感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。大多数感叹句是由what和how引导的,其句型结构为“What(或How)+感叹部分+主语+谓语!”。也有少量其他形式的感叹句,常见的有:(1)What感叹句What作定语,修饰名词,其感叹句句型结构:①What+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:※Whatanapplethisis!②What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:※Whataninterestingstoryitis!③What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!如:※Whathonestchildrentheyare!※Whatimportantwateritis!(2)How感叹句How作状语,修饰形容词、副词和动词,其感叹句句型结构:①How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如:※Howbeautifulthecityis!※Howhardtheworkersareworking!②How+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!如:※Howinterestingastoryitis!③How+主语+谓语!如:※Howtimeflies!考点三倒装1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词、介词短语或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装。这类词(组)有:never,seldom,rarely,hardly,little,few,atnotime,bynomeans,nolonger,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...,notonly...butalso...,notuntil,nowhere,neither...nor...等。※TheInternetisoneofthewaysthesefeelingsareconveyedandperhapsnever

before

hasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations.互联网是传达这些情感的一种方式,或许它从未如此有效地将不同的民族和国家联系起来。※Theprofessorwarnedthestudentsthaton

no

account

should

they

usemobilephonesinhisclass.这位教授警告学生们,在他的课堂上,决不应该使用手机。(2)“only+状语”置于句首时,主句要进行部分倒装。※Only

then

didwerealizetherewasanearthquake.Iwastoofrightenedtomove.只有在那时我们才意识到发生了地震。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。※Only

after

talking

to

two

students

didIdiscoverthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.只有在和两个学生交谈之后我才发觉拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大因素之一。【点津】

①若only修饰主语,句子不倒装;②only+状语从句位于句首时,主句倒装,从句不倒装;③构成部分倒装结构时,如果谓语部分无情态动词或be动词,则需要找助动词来帮助构成倒装句。※Only

when

Lily

walked

into

the

officedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.(3)so/such...that...结构中的so,such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装结构。※So

touching

did

the

song

sound

thatIcouldn’tholdmytearsbackwhenIhearditforthefirsttime.这首歌听起来如此令人感动以至于我第一次听到它时就忍不住流下眼泪。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。※Noneofuswerefamiliarwithplanting,andnordidweknowhowtousegardeningtools.我们都不熟悉种植,也不知道如何使用园艺工具。※TomcanspeakFrench.So

canJack.汤姆会说法语。杰克也会(说法语)。(5)as引导让步状语从句时,状语从句必须部分倒装;though引导让步状语从句时,从句可部分倒装,也可不倒装。※OnehasreasontobelievethatChina’santi-corruptioncampaignoverthepastfewyears,tough

as/though

it

is,hasachievedinspiringprogress.有理由相信在过去的几年里,中国的反腐行动取得了令人鼓舞的成就,虽然这个行动很艰难。(6)在非真实条件句中,if省略时,助动词had,were,should要提到主语前面。※Were

it

notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.要不是老师们的支持,这个学生是不可能克服她的困难的。2.全部倒装当here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,away,onthewall,intheroom等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首,且句子主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装。※Up

into

the

blue

sky

flewthebirdwhenwepassedbyitsnest.当我们经过它的鸟巢时,那只鸟飞上了蓝天。※Sheopeneditandletoutadeepbreath.Insideitweretwosharpknives.她打开它,深深地吸了一口气。它里面是两把锋利的刀子。考点四强调1.强调句型(1)强调句型的基本结构:Itis/was+被强调的部分+that+句子其他部分.该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人,且作主语时,引导词也可用who。※Butit

wastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.但研究人员发现,脂肪细胞深处的影响可能是最重要的。【点津】强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。※It

isourteacherthat/who

helpsusmakegreatprogress.是我们的老师帮我们取得巨大的进步。(2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was+it+被强调的部分+that/who+句子其他部分?※Was

itduringtheSecondWorldWarthathedied?他是在第二次世界大战中死的吗?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+句子其他部分?※Where

was

it

thatyoufoundyourlostpen?你在哪里找到你的丢失的钢笔的?【点津】由疑问词引导的强调结构作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序。※Thequestionthatpuzzledthemishow

it

is

thattheycangetridoftheairpollutioninthearea.令他们感到疑惑的是他们是如何解决此地的空气污染的。(4)not...until...句型的强调结构:Itis/wasnotuntil...+that+句子其他部分.※—Howlongisitsinceyoupickedupyourbadmintontraining?自从你重新练习羽毛球有多久了?—It

was

not

untilmyfinancebecamebetterinlastDecemberthatIstartedthetraining.直到去年十二月,我的资金状况好转了,我才开始训练的。2.强调谓语动词用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词,用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中,do还可以用于祈使句。※Somepeopledo

believethatnuclearpowerposesathreattotheworldpeace.有些人确实认为核能对世界和平构成了威胁。【点津】强调句型与三大从句的区别类型区别与主语从句强调句型去掉Itis/was和that/who之后,句子结构仍然完整,而主语从句却不能①It

istherethataccidentsoftenhappen.(强调句)②It

isinevitablethatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(主语从句)类型区别与定语从句强调句中that没有意义,且不作任何成分,而定语从句中that为关系代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语①It

isnovelsthatMissWilliamenjoysreading.(强调句)②It

isaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.(定语从句)与时间状语从句强调句型去掉Itis/was和that/who后,结构完整,而Itis...when...中,it指代时间①It

wasatsixo’clockthatIgotuptoday.(强调句)②It

wassixo’clockwhenIgotuptoday.(时间状语从句)【活学活用】(1)Itwasin2018_____

thethenjuniorstudentattheJilinUniversityofArtspresentedadesign—aChineseknotandadumpling.(2)(2024·苏州模拟)Aboutametredown,however,theymadeanunusualdiscovery:lyinginthegroundbeforethem______

(be)severalbrokenterracotta(赤陶土)pieces.(3)“Notonly____

(be)thequantitiesofphytoplankton(浮游植物)intheoceanchanging,”shesaid,“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”thatwereare(4)Attheheartofsportsmanship____

(lie)theconceptoffairplay,whichpromotesacultureofrule-following,fairjudgment,andequalopportunitiesforallparticipants.(5)Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallythere____

(be)alwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.(6)Gone____

(be)thedayswhenwehadtorelysolelyonphysicalmapsfornavigation;now,wehaveBeidounavigationsystem.liesareare语法精练•对接高考Ⅰ.语境填空1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute___________

broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.2.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,_____

isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.which/thatwho3.(2024·全国甲卷)YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_______

becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.(2024·全国甲卷)Onacool,starrynightinmid-September1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin______

isnownorthwesternWyoming.5.(2024·北京高考)Tinniswood,_____

doesn’tsmokeandrarelydrinks,creditedmoderationforhelpinghimstayhealthyduringhislonglife.6.(2024·浙江1月高考)Eitheryourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhome___

youcan’tusewhatyou’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.whichwhatwhoor7.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),___

toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.8.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop_____

toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.9.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis_____

theyneedanEnglishtrainer.orandwhyⅡ.语篇填空(2024·浙江1月高考语法填空改编)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,1._________you’reshoppingforone,buyingextratobenefitfrompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.

1.【解析】if。考查条件状语从句。句意:然而,如果你是想买一件,那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。前一个句子是后一个句子的条件,故填if。2._________yourshoppingisthentooheavytocarryhomeoryoucan’tuse3._________you’veboughtwhileit’sstillfresh.

2.【解析】Either。考查并列连词。句意:要么你买的东西太重,搬不回家,要么你买的东西还新鲜,就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词Either。3.【解析】what。考查宾语从句。句意如上,在宾语从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities—theypricegoodsintheway4._________willmakethemthemostmoney.Ifmostoftheircustomersarehappytobuylargerquantities,that’s5._________they’llpromote.Butthatleavesthesolo(单独)customersoutofpocket6._________disappointed.

4.【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。句意:当然,商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为way,所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。5.【解析】what。考查名词性从句。句意:如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买,那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语,且是指事物,所以应用连接代词what。故填what。6.【解析】and。考查并列连词。句意:这让单独的顾客们既花了钱又感到失望。此处都是顾客的感受,填并列连词and。Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthecriticism7._________theyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.However,8._________it’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages,itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimesbeofferedinsmallerpacks.Eventhebiggestsausagefandoesn’twanttoeatthemeveryday.

7.【解析】that。考查同位语从句。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。此处应作名词criticism的同位语从句。故填that。8.【解析】although/though/while。考查让步状语从句。句意:然而,尽管从一包香肠中得到几美分是件好事,但如果他们有时能以小包的形式提供这些香肠,将会有更大的帮助。9._________yoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchicken10._________saladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).Then,whenyouuseonesection,theotherstaysfresh.

9.【解析】If。考查条件状语从句。句意:如果你的超市出售散装食品,那么购买少量食品就容易多了。前一个句子是后一个句子的条件,故填If。10.【解析】or。考查并列连词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售包装的鸡肉或沙拉,包装设计成两半,每份包含不同的分量。此处介绍一些超市的两种货物,表选择关系,故填or。Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-lookingonesmayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。【链接写作】

写作中使用五彩缤纷的从句:三大从句和特殊句式,可以使文章句子五彩缤纷、亮点不断。典例:(2023·天津高考应用文)Ithinkthisactivityisverysignificant,whichisconducivetospreadingexcellenttraditionalChinesecultureandpromotingculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.NotonlycanIteachparticipantshowtomakedumplings,butalsoletthemfallinlovewithChinesecuisine.Iwouldappreciateitifyouwouldenrollmeintheevent.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.运用:(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·读后续写)1.我是如此惊讶和感动,以至于说不出话来。【翻译】________________________________________________2.第二天我们在出发地见面的那一刻,我就向他表达了极大的感激之情。【翻译】______________________________________________________________________________________3.就在那时,我感到很幸运,遇到了像Gunter这样热心肠的人,他有一颗金子般的心。【翻译】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________SoastonishedandtouchedwasIthatwordsfailedme.

Iexpressedmygreatgratitudetohimtheminutewemetthefollowingdayatthedepartureplace.

ItwasatthatspecifictimethatIfeltblessedtohavemetsuchawarm-heartedmanlikeGunterwhohasaheartofgold.

【语境填空】第一组1.(2023·全国甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothesixthcentury,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,___

RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.2.(2023·全国甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,_______

alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings.3.(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace___________

welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.aswherethat/which4.(2023·全国乙卷)Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,____

somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.5.(2023·北京高考)Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,_______

thousandswereattendingawaterconference.6.(2023·浙江1月高考)DuringChina’sdynasticperiod,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijing_____

arrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocialclasses.7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_____

livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.butwhereandthat8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,_____

leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”.9.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hehungonforafewminutes_____

screamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn’thearhim.10.(2022·全国甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_____

losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.andandwho第二组11.(2022·全国乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(发布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation_____

culturalexchanges.12.(2022·北京高考)It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine_________

smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.13.(2022·北京高考)Thatincludescups,bottlesandbags,mostof_______

areonlygoodforoneuse.andwhetherwhich14.(2022·浙江1月高考)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics_________

arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.15.(2022·浙江1月高考)Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak__________

shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersofthetime,theyagreed.16.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)______

issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.that/whowhether/ifWhat17.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure_____

offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour(aching)legs.18.(2021·全国甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshaky____

didthejob.19.(2021·全国乙卷)Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept______

thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawa