模块一　第1讲　名词

语法精析•洞悉考情语法精讲•把握规律模块一需要变形的词:名词、形容词和副词第1讲名词通悟语法专题语法精析•洞悉考情【考情探究】近3年新高考卷对于名词的考查共计9次,主要考查:速览考频新高考Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷202420232022可数名词的数211不可数名词310名词所有格001【备考策略】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会是高考的重点,主要集中考查名词的基本用法。1.根据语境标志词判断名词(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时,要想到名词;(2)遇到介词或及物动词时,要想到名词;(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时,要想到名词。2.根据规则确定名词单复数(1)如果空格处被these,several,many和数词等修饰时,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are,要考虑用名词的复数形式;(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则,方能解决好此类问题。语法精讲•把握规律考点一可数名词的数1.可数名词变复数的规则变化构成方法例词一般在词尾加-smap→maps,sea→seasgirl→girls,day→days以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除外)class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,dish→dishes构成方法例词以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词变-y为-i,再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories以元音字母+-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在词尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes构成方法例词以-f或-fe结尾的名词变-f或-fe为-v,再加-esleaf→leaves,knife→knives,wife→wives,wolf→wolves直接加-sbelief→beliefs,chief→chiefs,proof→proofs,roof→roofs,safe→safes2.可数名词变复数的不规则变化构成方法例词增加字母child→children,ox→oxen改变名词中的元音字母或变为其他形式man→men,woman→women,foot→feet,goose→geese,mouse→mice单复数同形sheep,deer,series,means,fish构成方法例词表示“某国人”的名词加-sAmerican→Americans,German→Germans单复数同形Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的,将-man和-woman分别改为-men,-womenEnglishman→Englishmen【活学活用】(1)(2024·广西模拟)Youmightalsonoticesomedistinctdifferencesinmealpreparationandcooking__________

(technique),whichyoumayignorewhendiningoutororderingtakeoutfromChineserestaurantsbackhome.(2)(2024·衡水模拟)CaoCao’srelationshipwithGuanYushowshisunderstandingoftrustandrespectasfoundational________(element)ofleadership.(3)(2024·重庆模拟)AncientChinese____________(philosophy)havebeenexpressedintraditionalChinesefurniture.techniqueselementsphilosophies(4)(2024·福州模拟)WhiletheareaisfamousaroundtheworldforShaolinKungFu,itisalsobecomingknownforothercultural_______(aspect)includingChanWuYi,whichcombinesZenmeditation,kungfuandtraditionalChinesemedicine,andhasbeenpromotedbyMasterShiDejianfor30years.(5)(2024·湖北模拟)Whatyouwearcaninform__________

(passer-by)ofyourtypeofemployment,aswellasyourambitions,emotionsandspendinghabits.(6)(2024·江苏模拟)Attheevent,sixsceniccountieswerehighlighted,offeringadiverserangeofnatural________

(wonder)intheregion,suchassnow-cappedmountains,vastgrasslands,deserts,lakesandglaciers.(7)(2024·周口模拟)Datageneratedbythespacecraftwillalsobeusedinlandandwaterresources_______

(survey)andforestrymanagement.aspectspassers-bywonderssurveys考点二不可数名词1.不可数名词(1)不可数名词没有复数形式,也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有:fun,baggage,change(零钱),furniture,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage,money,news,progress,traffic等。(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:①用some,much,alittle,alotof,abitof,plentyof等表示多少。【点津】既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plentyof,some,alotof,lotsof,mostof等。②用单位词表示,即a...of。如:acupoftea,apieceofpaper。2.不可数名词与可数名词的转化(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。例如:※Mydoctortoldmetoavoidfattyfoodssuchasbaconorhamburgers.我的医生叫我避免吃高脂肪食物,如培根或汉堡包。(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示:当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时,某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。例如:※Afinerainbegantofall.开始下起一阵细雨。(3)表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等,可以用a(n)或数词修饰,也有复数形式。例如:※Iorderedtwocoffeesandanice-cream.我点了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。(4)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词,但意思不同。例如:单词作不可数名词时词义作可数名词时词义work工作著作glass玻璃玻璃杯,眼镜wood木头树林room空间房间paper纸试卷、文件、报纸等3.抽象名词具体化(1)表示情感、情绪的词,强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字:惊(surprise),乐(pleasure),成(success),幸(honour),憾(pity),傲(pride),慰(comfort),险(danger),助(help),败(failure),美(beauty)。※Thenewmethodhasfinallyprovedtobeasuccess.新方法最终试验成功了。(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念,常与动词连用构成短语,名词前常有形容词修饰,例如:haveagoodtime,haveawonderfulsupper,coveranareaof,reachaheightof。【活学活用】(1)(2024·衡阳模拟)TraditionalChineseopera,Shaoxingoperaincluded,hasfacedadeclinein__________

(popular)inrecentyears.(2)(2024·江苏模拟)The____________(construct)ofthoserockcarvingsdatesbackto650,andcontinuedintothe17thcentury.(3)(2024·云南模拟)Eachpatternhasitsownmeaning,forexample,lotus(莲花)represents_________(clean),andchrysanthemum(菊花)symbolizesalonglife.(4)(2024·日照模拟)TheNanjingHongshanForestZoo,oncestrugglingtosustainits________(survive),hasundergonearemarkableturnaround.popularityconstructioncleannesssurvival(5)(2024·南通模拟)Shadowplay,aconventionalformoftheatrical_____________(entertain),hassurvivedforcenturies.(6)(2024·长郡中学、杭州二中、南京师大附中三校联考)HunanCuisine,ontheotherhand,isfamousforitsboldandburningflavors,whichfeaturesthe____________

(combine)offreshchilies(辣椒)andgarlictocreateapowerfulandintensespicytaste.(7)(2024·重庆一中模拟)Crowshavelongbeenobservedfortheirvariousamazingdisplaysof___________

(intelligent).entertainmentcombinationintelligence考点三名词所有格1.(1)表示有生命名词的所有格时,在词尾加“’s”。如:theboy’sbag,men’srooms;(2)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加“’”。如:theteachers’readingroom;(3)表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“’s”来表示所属关系,意为“……的”。如:atenminutes’walk,atwentymiles’journey,twotons’weight,fiftydollars’worth。2.(1)如果两个名词并列,且分别加“’s”,则表示“分别有……”,例如:John’sandMary’srooms约翰的房间和玛丽的房间(两间)。(2)若只有后一个名词加“’s”,则表示两个“共有”,例如:JohnandMary’sroom约翰和玛丽的房间(一间)。3.of属格无生命名词的所有格用of结构。例如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecolouroftheflowers。【点津】名词所有格用法口诀名词所有格,表物是“谁的”,若为生命词,加’s即可行,词尾有s,仅把逗号择;并列名词后,各自和共有,前者分别加,后者最后加;若为无生命词,of所有格,前后须倒置,此是硬规则。注意:如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格,这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同,“AofB”要翻译为“B的A”。【活学活用】(1)(2024·十堰模拟)Notonlydotheyrepresenthighqualityandgoodreputation,theyhavealsobecomeanindispensablepartin________(people)dailylife.(2)ThereisalongstandingChinesetraditionofincludingchopsticksina_____(girl)dowry(嫁妆),symbolizingablessingforthebride’sfuturefamily.(3)(2024·山东模拟)Second,theyshouldproviderelatedsupport