高中英语必修五第一单元知识点课件

UnitOne

LanguagePointsJohnSnowwasawell-known______inLondoninthe______century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera______out,hebegantogatherinformation.He______onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe______ofallwatersupplybe________andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”was________.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingdefeated复习总动员Warmingupknowabout

了解有关….的情况knowof

听说过有些事我想了解一下.

ThereissomethingIwanttoknowabout.我听说过那件事,但不很清楚.Iknowofit,butIdidn’tknowitwell.1.知识袋袋库2.characteristicadj.

独特的，特有的

n．特征，特性

eg.geneticcharacteristics

遗传特征character

n．性格；特征；人物，角色；characterizev．是…的特征；描述…的特征characterlessadj.无特色的；平凡的区别future和characteristicKindnessisoneofhis_____________.Mycardoesn’thavespecial________.characteristicsfutures3.putforward:bringup,comeupwith

eg:Heputforwardsomeusefuladviceatthemeeting.

WeputforwardTomasmonitor.

推荐Themeetinghasbeenputforwardto2:00pm.

提前提出AninterestingsuggestionformeasuringtheatmospherearoundMarshasbeen________.A．putforward

B．putdownC.putupD.putaside

【解析】有人提出一个有趣的建议…

【答案】A考题练练看储蓄…备用把…收拾起来

推迟

穿上，戴上；上演，演出

举起；粘贴；建立，建设

忍受

放下扑灭(火)思维泡泡堂Consideringyoursalary，youshouldbeableto________atleasttwentydollarsaweek.A．putforward B．putupC．putout D．putaside【解析】

句意为“就你的工资而言，每周你应至少存20美元”。putforward提出；putup张贴；putout扑灭；putaside储存。【答案】

D考题练练看Pre-reading4.concludevt/vi①cometoaclose____________eg:⑴Themeetingconcludedat8:00pm.⑵Sheconcludedherspeechwithapoem.⑶

Sheconcludedherspeechbyreadingapoem.归纳总结：(使)结束,终止②decidesthasaresultofwhatyouseeorhear______________eg.⑴Whatcanyouconcludefromthesefacts?

⑵

Afterwaitingforhalfanhour，Iconcludedthathewouldn’tcomeatall.

等了半个小时后，我断定他不会来了。推断出,得出结论归纳总结:

n.conclusion

结论，结束

*

arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion__________eg:⑴Itwasdifficulttodrawa

conclusion

becausethesituationwascomplex.*inconclusion_____=inaword,tosumup

eg:⑴Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.得出结论

总之

思维袋袋库考题练练看Reading5.defeatvt.①towinagainstsbintheawar,competition,sportsgame

____________

②tobedifficultforsb_____________n.③failuretowin

___________eg:⑴Thearmydefeatedtheenemyintheend.⑵TomsuffereddefeatintheEnglishexamination.⑶TheproblemhasdefeatedmeandIcan’tsolveit.打败，战胜

失败，挫折

难倒，使困惑

辨析：defeat/beat/winHecaneasily___________meatgolf.Hedidn’t______theelection.Hewas_______________intheelection.⑴defeat战胜，击败。含义广泛，指在战争、辩论、争斗、竞选或比赛中击败对方，获得胜利。宾语是对手。⑵

beat表示“战胜，击败和难倒”时可与defeat互换;另外还可以表示“击打，(心脏)跳动”等含义。⑶win后只接事或物（比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱）不能是对手。defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwinLinDan________hercompetitorandgotthefirstplaceinthegame.A．won B．defeatC．beat D．hit

【解析】

“击败对手”可用beat或defeat，但由got可知，空白处应用过去时，若选B，则应为defeated。

【答案】

C考题练练看6.attendvbepresentat;takecareof

________________

attendtosb/sth:todealwithsb/sth;totakecareofsb/sth

_______________eg:Heattendedthemeetingyesterday.Ihavesomeurgentbusinesstoattendto.出席,参加;照顾,护理处理,应付;照顾,护理Thecoachaskedhisstaffto________thelargegroupofjournalistswaitingforhimtoannouncehistrainingplans.A．adapttoB．attendtoC．refertoD．appealto

【解析】adaptto意为“适应”，attendto

意为“注意，关心，料理”，referto

意为“涉及”，appealto

意为“向……呼吁，求助于”。整句话意为“教练要求他的队员去照应一下那一大群等着他公布训练计划的新闻记者们”。考题练练看【答案

】

B区别attend/join/joinin/takepartinWouldyouliketo______usinthebasketgame?A.attendB.joinC.joininD.takepartin考题练练看【答案】B①attend正式用语，参加严肃的活动，如会议，听课，演讲。②join加入某一组织，成为其中成员。③join(sb.)in

sth./doing和某人一起进行一项具体的活动，多指正在进行的活动。④takepartin参加活动，是一般用语。思维袋袋库曝光;暴露;揭露exposesth/sbtosth________________

暴露；显露

exposesbas…

揭露某人eg:Don’texposeyourselftothesunfortoolong.You’llgetsunburned.______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【解析】动名词的被动式做主语。【答案】

C考题练练看Sentence1.

Neitheritscause,noritscure

was

understood.人们既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治疗方法。neither...nor...既不…，也不…

，连接句中两个相同成分,表全部否定。NeithermyfathernorIwasthere.

我父亲和我都不在那里。neither…nor,either…or,notonly…butalso

连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的那个主语的数保持一致。符合主谓一致中的就近原则。NeitherhenorIamastudent.Either

Mary

orherbrothersaretoblameforthefault.Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.思维袋袋库(2009年湖南卷)Eitheryouoryouroneofyourstudents____toattendthemeeting.A.areB.isC.haveD.be【答案】B考题练练看8.WhenIlefthospitalIwascompletedcured.

Isthereacertaincureforcanceryet?

cure

:__________________________vt.治愈，治疗；n.疗法，治疗药

curesb.

of治好(病、恶习等)acure

for

治疗……的方法辨析：treat与cure—Hasthedoctor___herillness?—No，he___herbutdidn't___

her.A．cured;treated;treatB．cured;cured;treatC．treatedtheoldwomanfor;treated;cureD．curedtheoldwomanof;treated;cure解析：cure“治愈”强调结果。curesbofsthtreat“治疗”强调过程。treatsbforsth答案：D思维袋袋库Sentence2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime

在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g.EverytimeIhearthatsong,Ifeelhappy.

每次听到那首歌，我都感到非常开心。(2009年云南玉溪模拟)________youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage，youshowyourskillstoothers.A．Attimes B．SometimeC．Everytime D．Thetime【解析】句意为：每次你与别人交谈或写信息，你都向别人展示你的技能。everytime是名词词组用做连词，引导时间状语从句。【答案】

C考题练练看注意:immediately,themoment/theminute,directly,instantly等与

everytime一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一…..就”。如：Iwillgivethelettertohimimmediately/themoment/directly/instantlyIseehim.另外thefirsttime(第一次)，nexttime(下次)，lasttime(上次)都可以引导时间状语从句。思维袋袋库(2009年陕西卷)Thisisthefirsttimewe________afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A．see B．hadseenC．saw D．haveseen【解析】“This/Itisthe＋序数词＋time+that从句”为固定句型，如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。。【答案】

D考题练练看9.challengen/vt

挑战eg:(1)opportunityandchallenge

机遇与挑战扩展：faceachallenge面临挑战

meetachallenge接受挑战

challengingadj.具有挑战性的10.suggest

v.建议；暗示，表明

①suggest+doingsth/sth./that-clause

他建议我们参观长城。HesuggestedvisitingtheGreatWall.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)visittheGreatWall.

②suggest(暗示，表明)+从句不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatsheagreedwithme.11.

absorb

vt.吸收(液体、气体)；吸引，使、专心Thecreamiseasilyabsorbedintotheskin.这种乳霜容易被皮肤吸收。Iwas

so

absorbedinthisbookthatIdidn’thearyoucomein.归纳总结：Itisveryquietintheclassroom.Thestudentsareall________readingbooks.A．absorbed B．absorbedinC．absorbingin D．absorb

【解析】

本题意为：教室里很安静，学生们在全心全意读书。beabsorbedindoingsth.专心做某事。

【答案】

B考题练练看Thewriterwasso________inherworkthatshedidn'tnoticehimentertheroom.A．abandonedB．focusedC．absorbedD．centered【解析】beabsorbedin全神贯在…；

focussbonsth

使…专注于…【答案】

C考题练练看12.

suspectv.认为、怀疑eg:I

suspectedthetruthofherstatement.*suspectsbofdoingsth

怀疑某人做某事*suspectsb\sthtobe…

怀疑…是…eg:Hehadsuspectedheroftellingalietome.

13.

blame

vt

considerorsaythatsbisresponsibleforsth

____________eg:Pleasedon’tblameme.blamesbforsth\doingsth

_____________blamesthonsb______________betoblame__________________责备、谴责

责备某人做某事

把某事归咎于某人

(某人/某物)该受指责

n过失、责备It’snotfairthatyoushouldgettheblame.Don’talways______yourownfailure______others.Sometimesyouyourself______.A．blame；on；aretobeblamedB．blame；for；aretoblameC．blame；on；aretoblameD．blame；for；aretobeblamed【解析】

句意为：不要总把失败归咎于他人。有时该责怪你自己。blamesth.onsb.把……归咎于某人；betoblame该受责备，要用主动式表被动意义。

【答案】

C考题练练看Themotherwholosthersoninsistedthatthecarelessdriver________forthetrafficaccident________yesterday.A．wastoblame;happeningB．betoblame;happeningC．beblamed;washappenedD．wastoblame;hadhappened【解析】

本题意为：失去儿子的母亲坚持认为粗心的司机应该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。【答案】

A考题练练看(2006年安徽卷)MrGreenstoodupindefenceof(为…辩护)the16­year­oldboy，sayingthathewasnottheone________.A．blamed B．blamingC．toblame D．tobeblamed【解析】

hewasnottheonetoblame意为“他不是那个应该受责备的人”。【答案】

C考题练练看(2006年福建卷)________forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork，Alicewasinlowspirits.A．Blaming B．BlamedC．Toblame D．Tobeblamed【解析】

本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：Alice因为电脑网络故障被责备，情绪很低落。非谓语形式用做原因状语，主语是这个动作的承受者，故用过去分词blamed。D项tobeblamed有将要的意味。【答案】

B考题练练看Sentence3Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must,should,oughtto等。Youarenottobelateagain.14.lookinto调查，研究;Thepolicearenowlookingintothematter.警方正在调查这件事。lookback回顾，回首lookdownupon蔑视lookover检查，查看lookon旁观lookthrough匆匆浏览lookup查阅，查找15.Handle

vt

dealwith,operate__________n.partofatool,cup,bucketdooretc,bywhichitmaybeheld,carriedorcontrolled_______eg:Doyouknowhowtohandlethecomputer?处理操作把手16.

link

vt&n

connectorputtogethertwoormorepieces连接；联系

link…to…(常用被动,表状态)=connect…with…___________________linkup(with)______________eg:⑴Bloodinhisshirtlinkedhimtothecrime.

⑵Anewfreeway(高速公路)willbebuiltto

linkupourcitywithWuhan.把…与…连接/联系起来

连接，结合

17.

announce

vt

makesthknownpublicly

宣布通告eg:YaoMingannouncedinhishometownthathehasretiredfromNBA.归纳总结：

announcesth.宣布某事

announce＋that-clause辨析：announce与declareTheresultofthisexaminationwillbe__________tomorrow.A．publishedB．declaredC．announcedD．opened【解析】announce强调正式地“公开、发表、宣布”，侧重预告人们所关心或感兴趣的事情；

declare指正式而明确地向公众“宣布，宣告，声明”，侧重当众发表，多用于宣判、会议、宣战等。C思维袋袋库【答案】18.

instructvteach；order,direct教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐instructsbinsth

教授某人……instructsbtodosth

命令/吩咐某人去做某事eg:Heinstructsaclassinhistory.I’vebeeninstructedtowaithereuntilthelecturerarrives.MrSmithdecidedtohireateacherto________hissoninEnglish.A．teachB．introduceC．instructD．direct【答案】：C考题练练看Learningaboutlanguage19.

contribute

vt.&vi.捐款；贡献；捐助contribute…to…____________________eg:He

contributedhislifetohelpingthepoor.HecontributedhisarticletoChinaDaily.contributeto__________________eg:Variousfactorscontributedtohisfailure.捐助、捐献;投稿导致，促成；有助于

Practice:Manypeople__________money__thepoorboy,which_____________hisreturningtoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutthisand_________it___anewspaper.

contributedtocontributedtocontributedto考题练练看Tobehonest，mycarelessness________alottomyfailure.A．contributed

B．donatedC．provided D．offered【解析】

句意为：说实话，我的失败主要是因为我的粗心大意。contributeto导致。donate捐献；provide提供；offer(主动)提供。

【答案】

A考题练练看n.contribution

贡献makegreatcontributionsto

对……有贡献思维袋袋库20.

apartfrom

除…之外（既有相加又有相减的含义）eg:Apartfrommyparents,Ihavenoonetobelievein.(相减)Apartfromthecost,weneedtothinkabouthowmuchtimethejobwilltake.、(相加)辨析besides\except\apartfrom\exceptfor1.besides:“除了…之外（还有）”(相加)Therewillbefiveofusfordinner,besidesJohn.2.except:“除…之外”;(相减)when\that\if…Icycletowork,exceptwhenIrains.3.exceptfor强调整体很好，就一点不好，强调

前后名词性质不同。

Hiscompositionisgoodexceptforaspellingmistake.思维袋袋库LiLongisagoodstudent___hislaziness.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.but【解析】李红是个好学生，就是有点懒。属于整体很好，就一点不好。【答案】C考题练练看UsingLanguage

ReadingandWriting21.

strictadj.

严厉的；严格的；严谨的

Mr.Liuisastrictteacher.bestrictwithsb

对某人要求严格bestrictabout\indoing

对某事、做某事要求严格eg:TheWhitesarevery_________theirchildren.Thehospitalisquite__________

visitinghours.strictwithstrictabout22.

makesense

有意义、讲得通;是明智作法。(不及物动词短语)eg:Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.Itmakessenseforsbtodosth.

对某人来说做某事是明智的eg:Itmakessensetosavemoneywhileyoucan.makesenseof…理解、明白eg:Canyoumakesenseofthispoem?Itdoesn'tmak