2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级复习题及答案二

2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）五级复习题及答案二SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.PartADirections:Youwillhear5shortdialogues.Attheendofeachdialogue,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththedialogueandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearadialogueandthequestion,readthefourpossibleanswersanddecidewhichisthebestresponse.1.A.Theweatherforecastisusuallyinaccurate.B.Theyshouldcancelthetripduetothestorm.C.Itislikelytorainduringtheirtrip.D.Themanshouldbringanextraumbrella.2.A.Shehasalreadyfinishedthereport.B.Sheneedsmoredatatocompletethereport.C.Themanshouldhelpheranalyzethedata.D.Thedeadlineforthereporthasbeenextended.3.A.Atarailwaystation.B.Atatravelagency.C.Atanairportcheck-incounter.D.Atabusterminal.4.A.Theprofessor'slecturewashighlyinspiring.B.Thewomanmisunderstoodtheassignment.C.Themanisnotpreparedforthepresentation.D.Thegroupmeetingwascancelledbytheprofessor.5.A.Heisconfidentaboutthejobinterview.B.Heneedstoupdatehisresumeimmediately.C.Hethinksthecompetitionistoofierce.D.Hehasalreadysecuredanotherjoboffer.PartBDirections:Youwillhear2longconversationsortalks.Aftereachconversationortalk,youwillbeasked5questions.Theconversationsandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Theywillnotbeprintedinyourtestbook,soyoumustlistencarefully.Conversation1:Aninterviewwithamarinebiologist6.A.Thereproductivecycleofdeep-seasquids.B.Theimpactofoceanacidificationoncoralreefs.C.Thediscoveryofanewspeciesofmarinemammal.D.Thebehavioralpatternsofmigratorywhales.7.A.Theyareprimarilycausedbyagriculturalrunoff.B.Theycanonlybeobservedintropicalregions.C.TheyleadtoadecreaseinoceanpHlevels.D.Theyhavenosignificanteffectonmarinelife.8.A.Byrestrictingthefishingindustryglobally.B.Byreducingcarbondioxideemissionsonaglobalscale.C.Byrelocatingcoralreefstosaferwaters.D.Byintroducingnewpredatorstocontrolinvasivespecies.9.A.Itisastraightforwardprocessthatyieldsquickresults.B.Itrequiresinternationalcooperationandpolicychanges.C.Itisentirelydependentonlocalcommunityefforts.D.Ithasbeensuccessfullyimplementedinmostcountries.10.A.Toemphasizetheeconomicvalueofcoralreefs.B.Toillustratetheresilienceofcertainmarinespecies.C.Tohighlighttheurgencyofimmediateenvironmentalaction.D.Tocriticizethelackofgovernmentfundingforresearch.Talk2:Alectureonurbanplanning11.A.Toadvocatefortheconstructionofmoreskyscrapers.B.Todiscusstheconceptandbenefitsof"15-minutecities".C.TocomparetheinfrastructureofParisandMelbourne.D.Toexplainthehistoryofurbansprawlinthe20thcentury.12.A.Citizenscanreachessentialserviceswithinaquarterofanhour.B.Thecity'strafficcongestionisreducedby15percent.C.Allpublictransportwithinthecitybecomesfree.D.Ittakes15minutestotravelfromthesuburbstothedowntownarea.13.A.Increasedsocialisolationamongresidents.B.Higherpropertypricesinthecentraldistricts.C.Thepotentiallossofgreenspacesfornewamenities.D.Adeclineintraditionalretailbusinesses.14.A.Byimplementingcongestionpricing.B.Byestablishingremoteworkhubsinneighborhoods.C.Byexpandingthesubwaysystemtoruralareas.D.Byconvertingcommercialbuildingsintoresidentialblocks.15.A.Itisautopianideathatisimpossibletorealize.B.Itisaflexibleconceptthatcanbeadaptedtodifferentcities.C.Itisonlysuitableforcitieswithasmallpopulation.D.Itwilleventuallyreplacetraditionalurbancentersentirely.PartCDirections:Youwillhearatalk.Whileyouarelistening,fillinthemissinginformationintheblanksbelow.Writeonewordorashortphraseforeachblank.Thetalkwillbespokentwice.Theconceptofcognitiveflexibilityreferstothementalabilitytoswitchbetweenthinkingabouttwodifferentconceptsortothinkaboutmultipleconceptssimultaneously.Itisacrucialcomponentofexecutivefunction.Researchindicatesthatcognitiveflexibilitycanbeenhancedthroughvariousmethods.Oneeffectiveapproachislearninganewlanguage,whichforcesthebraintonavigatedifferentlinguisticstructuresandculturalnorms.Anothermethodisaerobicexercise,whichincreasesbloodflowtothebrainandpromotesneurogenesisinthehippocampus.Furthermore,engagingincreativeactivitiessuchasplayingamusicalinstrumentorpaintingcanstimulateneuralpathways.However,cognitiveflexibilitycanbeimpairedbychronicstress,whichreleasescortisolanddamagesbraincells.Therefore,maintainingahealthywork-lifebalanceandpracticingmindfulnessareessentialforpreservingthiscognitivefunction.16.Theabilitytoswitchbetweendifferentconceptsisknownas______________________.17.Learninganewlanguageforcesthebraintonavigatedifferentlinguisticstructuresand______________________.18.Aerobicexercisepromotesneurogenesisinthe______________________.19.Chronicstressreleasescortisolandsubsequently______________________.20.Practicing______________________isessentialforpreservingcognitiveflexibility.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromtheoptionsgivenbelow.Thephenomenonof"impostersyndrome"referstoaninternalizedfearofbeingfoundoutasafraud,despiteexternalevidenceofone'scompetence.Itwasfirstidentifiedin1978bypsychologistsPaulineClanceandSuzanneImes.Initially,itwasthoughttoprimarilyaffectwomen,but21researchhasshownthatitisawidespreadexperienceaffectingbothmenandwomenacrossvarious22oflife.Individualssufferingfromthissyndromeoftenattributetheirsuccessestoexternalfactorssuchasluckortiming,ratherthantotheirown23orqualifications.Consequently,theylivein24fearofbeing"exposed".Thesyndromecanmanifestinseveralways.Someindividualsmayengageinextremeover-preparation,25themselvestoexhaustiontoensuretheydonotfail.Othersmightfallintothetrapofself-sabotage,26procrastinatingonimportanttasksuntilthelastminute,thereby27theblameforpotentialfailuretolackoftimeratherthanlackofability.Overcomingimpostersyndromerequiresamultifacetedapproach.CognitiveBehavioralTherapy(CBT)ishighly28inhelpingindividualsreframetheirnegativethoughtpatterns.Bychallengingirrationalbeliefsandreplacingthemwithobjective29oftheirachievements,individualscangraduallybuildamorerealisticself-concept.Furthermore,30one'sexperiencesinagroupsettingcanbeprofoundlytherapeutic,asithelps31theuniversalityofthefeeling.Intheworkplace,managersplayacrucialrolein32thisissue.Insteadofmerelypraisingtheoutcome,leadersshould33theprocess,acknowledgingtheeffortandstrategythatledtothesuccess.This34reinforcestheindividual'ssenseofcompetenceandreducestheirrelianceonexternalvalidation.Ultimately,whilethefeelingofbeinganimpostermaynevercompletelydisappear,learningto35itcantransformitfromaparalyzingforceintoacatalystforcontinuousgrowthandself-improvement.21.A.subsequentB.previousC.formerD.early22.A.walksB.routesC.pathsD.ways23.A.luckB.skillsC.chanceD.fate24.A.constantB.temporaryC.rareD.passing25.A.topushB.pushedC.pushingD.pushes26.A.inB.forC.byD.with27.A.attributingB.distributingC.contributingD.allocating28.A.effectiveB.uselessC.harmfulD.neutral29.A.criticismsB.opinionsC.evaluationsD.interpretations30.A.hidingB.sharingC.forgettingD.ignoring31.A.establishB.diminishC.complicateD.obscure32.A.exacerbatingB.addressingC.ignoringD.creating33.A.praiseB.criticizeC.ignoreD.evaluate34.A.negativelyB.indirectlyC.positivelyD.passively35.A.suppressB.manageC.ignoreD.amplifySectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartA:MultipleChoiceQuestionsDirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1:TheEvolutionofRemoteWorkThesuddenshifttoremoteworkduringthepandemicwasinitiallyviewedasatemporarymeasure,butithasirreversiblyalteredthelandscapeofmodernemployment.Whatbeganasacrisisresponsehasevolvedintoapreferredmodalityformillionsofworkersworldwide.However,thistransitionisnotwithoutitschallenges.Whileproponentshighlightthebenefitsofeliminatedcommutesandflexibleschedules,criticspointtotheerosionofwork-lifeboundariesandthepotentialforisolation.Arecentstudybyaleadinglaboreconomicsinstitutesurveyed5,000employeesand500executivesacrossvariousindustries.Thefindingsrevealastarkdisconnectbetweenleadershipandemployeesregardingproductivity.While85ofexecutivesbelievethatremoteworknegativelyimpactscompanycultureandproductivity,73ofemployeesreportedfeelingmoreproductiveandsatisfiedwhenworkingfromhome.This"productivityparanoia"—atermcoinedbyorganizationalpsychologists—referstothepersistentfearamongmanagersthatemployeesarenotworkingashardathomeastheydointheoffice.Thelong-termimplicationsofthisdisconnectareprofound.Companiesinsistingonafullreturntotheofficeriskalienatingtheirworkforceandsufferingfromhigherturnoverrates.Conversely,fullyremotemodelsmaystifletheorganiccollaborationandmentorshipthatoccurinphysicalspaces.Hybridmodels,combiningin-officeandremotedays,haveemergedasacompromise,buttheytoorequirecarefulstructuring.Researchsuggeststhathybridworkismosteffectivewhenemployeescoordinatetheirin-officedayswiththeirteams,ensuringthatphysicalpresenceisusedforcollaborativetasksratherthanindependentwork.36.Accordingtothetext,whatwastheinitialperceptionofremoteworkduringthepandemic?A.Itwasseenasapermanentshiftinemployment.B.Itwasconsideredathreattocompanyculture.C.Itwasviewedasashort-termcrisisresponse.D.Itwasbelievedtoincreaseproductivitysignificantly.37.Theterm"productivityparanoia"isusedtodescribe:A.Employees'fearthattheyarenotproductiveenoughathome.B.Managers'unfoundedfearsthatremoteworkersarenotworkingsufficiently.C.Thegeneralanxietycausedbythelackofphysicalofficespace.D.Theeconomicdownturnresultingfromdecreasedproductivity.38.Whatisthemainfindingofthestudyconductedbythelaboreconomicsinstitute?A.Bothexecutivesandemployeesagreeontheimpactofremotework.B.Employeesfeellessproductiveathomethanintheoffice.C.Thereisasignificantdifferenceinhowleadersandemployeesviewremoteworkproductivity.D.Remoteworkhasuniversallydestroyedcompanyculture.39.Accordingtothetext,whatisapotentialriskoffullyremoteworkmodels?A.Higherturnoverrates.B.Decreasedemployeesatisfaction.C.Lossofspontaneouscollaborationandmentorship.D.Increasedcommutingtime.40.Howcanhybridworkmodelsbemosteffective?A.Byallowingemployeestochoosetheirofficedaysrandomly.B.Byusingofficedaysforindividual,focusedtasks.C.Bysynchronizingin-officedaystofacilitateteamwork.D.Bymandatingthatallemployeesworkfromhomefull-time.Text2:TheEthicsofDeepSeaMiningAsthedemandfortransitionmetals—suchascobalt,nickel,andlithium—surgesduetotheriseofelectricvehiclesandrenewableenergystorage,attentionisturningtothedeepoceanfloor.Polymetallicnodules,smallrockconcretionsfoundontheabyssalplains,arerichintheseessentialminerals.Proponentsofdeep-seaminingarguethatextractingthesenodulesislessenvironmentallydestructivethanterrestrialmining,whichofteninvolvesdeforestationandhumanrightsabuses.However,marinebiologistsaresoundingthealarm.ThedeepseaisoneoftheleastexploredecosystemsonEarth.Recentstudieshaverevealedthattheabyssalplainsarenotbarrendesertsbutharborahighlydiverse,slow-growingecosystem.Theprocessofextractingnodulesinvolvesdeployingmassivemachinerythatstirsupsedimentplumes,whichcanchokefilter-feedingorganismsanddisruptthefragilefoodweb.Furthermore,deep-seaspeciesrelyonthenodulesthemselvesashardsubstratesforattachment.Removingthemcouldleadtotheextinctionofspeciesbeforetheyhaveevenbeendiscovered.TheInternationalSeabedAuthority(ISA),theUNbodytaskedwithregulatingseabedmining,iscurrentlydraftingregulations.Environmentalistsarecallingforamoratoriumonmininguntilcomprehensivebaselinestudiesarecompleted.Theyarguethattheprincipleof"commonheritageofhumankind"shouldapply,meaningtheseabedshouldbeprotectedforfuturegenerations.Theconflictunderscoresaprofoundethicaldilemma:thenecessityoftransitioningawayfromfossilfuelsversusthepreservationoftheplanet'slastwilderness.41.Whatistheprimaryreasonforthegrowinginterestindeep-seamining?A.Thedecreasingcostofdeep-seatechnology.B.Thehighdemandformetalsusedingreentechnologies.C.Thedepletionofterrestrialminingresources.D.Thediscoveryofnewmarinespecies.42.Whydoadvocatesofdeep-seaminingconsideritpreferabletoterrestrialmining?A.Itissignificantlycheapertoexecute.B.Ityieldshigherqualitymetals.C.Theybelieveitcausesfewerenvironmentalandsocialissues.D.Itcanbecompletedmuchfaster.43.Accordingtomarinebiologists,whatisamajorenvironmentalriskofcollectingpolymetallicnodules?A.Thereleaseoftoxicgasesintotheocean.B.Thedestructionofcoralreefsinshallowwaters.C.Thedisturbanceofsedimentanddamagetoslow-growingecosystems.D.Thewarmingofdeepoceancurrents.44.Whatroledothepolymetallicnodulesplayinthedeep-seaecosystem?A.Theyprovidefoodforlargemarinemammals.B.Theyserveasattachmentsurfacesfordeep-seaspecies.C.Theyregulatethetemperatureoftheoceanfloor.D.Theyfilterthewatertokeepitclean.45.Whatisthemainargumentofthosecallingforamoratoriumonseabedmining?A.Miningwillmakethetransitiontogreenenergyimpossible.B.Theseabedbelongstoallofhumanityandshouldbeprotecteduntilmoreisknown.C.TheISAdoesnothavethetechnicalcapacitytoregulatetheindustry.D.Terrestrialminingissufficienttomeetglobalmetaldemands.Text3:TheDeclineofEmpathyintheDigitalAgeInaneradefinedbyinstantcommunicationandsocialmedia,onemightassumethathumanconnectivityisatanall-timehigh.Yet,psychologicalstudiesindicateasharpdeclineinempathy,particularlyamongyoungergenerations.Theterm"empathygap"hasemergedtodescribetheinabilityorunwillingnesstounderstandtheemotionalstatesofothers.Severalfactorscontributetothisphenomenon.Thecuratednatureofsocialmediaplatformsencouragesself-promotionandcomparisonratherthangenuineemotionalexchange.Interactionsareoftenreducedtolikes,emojis,andbriefcomments,lackingthenuanceofface-to-facecommunication.Furthermore,theanonymityprovidedbytheinternetcanleadto"onlinedisinhibition,"whereindividualsfeelemboldenedtoengageincruelbehaviortheywouldneverexhibitinperson.Thiscombinationofsuperficialengagementandreducedaccountabilityerodesthecapacityfordeep,empatheticconnection.Theconsequencesofthisempathygaparefar-reaching.Insociety,itmanifestsasincreasedpoliticalpolarizationandalackofcivildiscourse.Intheworkplace,itleadstotoxicenvironmentsandpoorteamcollaboration.Combatingthistrendrequiresintentionaleffort.Expertssuggest"digitalfasting"—periodsofdisconnectionfromscreenstore-engagewiththephysicalworld.Moreimportantly,educationalinstitutionsandparentsmustactivelyteachandmodelempatheticbehavior,emphasizingactivelisteningandemotionalintelligenceascriticallifeskills.46.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Socialmediaisthesolecauseofincreasedpoliticalpolarization.B.Despiteincreaseddigitalcommunication,empathyisdeclining.C.Youngergenerationsareinherentlylessempatheticthanolderones.D.Onlinedisinhibitionimproveshumanconnectivity.47.Accordingtothetext,howdoesthecuratednatureofsocialmediaaffectusers?A.Itencouragesgenuineemotionalexchange.B.Itpromotesself-comparisonandsuperficialinteractions.C.Itteachesusershowtoempathizewithothers.D.Itreducestheneedforface-to-facecommunication.48.Theterm"onlinedisinhibition"refersto:A.Thetendencytosharetoomuchpersonalinformationonline.B.Thefearofbeingjudgedbyothersonsocialmedia.C.Thewillingnesstobehavecruellyduetointernetanonymity.D.Theinabilitytounderstanddigitalcommunicationrules.49.Whatisoneconsequenceoftheempathygapintheworkplace?A.Improvedteamcollaboration.B.Decreaseduseofsocialmedia.C.Thecreationofahostileworkenvironment.D.Higherratesofdigitalfasting.50.Whatsolutiondoexpertsproposetocombatthedeclineinempathy?A.Increasingtheuseofemojisindigitalcommunication.B.Implementingstrictregulationsonsocialmediaplatforms.C.Engagingindigitalfastingandactivelyteachingempathy.D.Replacingdigitalcommunicationwithface-to-facemeetingsentirely.PartB:MatchingHeadingsDirections:Youaregoingtoreadanarticleaboutthescienceofsleep.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachparagraph(51-55).Therearetwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.ListofHeadings:A.TheevolutionarymysteryofsleepB.ThephysicalconsequencesofchronicsleepdeprivationC.TheimpactoftechnologyoncircadianrhythmsD.TheroleofsleepinmemoryconsolidationE.TheeconomiccostofsleepdisordersF.TherelationshipbetweendietandsleepqualityG.ThestagesofthesleepcycleTheScienceofSleep51.____________________________Fordecades,scientistshavedebatedwhyhumansneedtosleep.Someearlytheoriespositedthatsleepwasmerelyawaytoconserveenergy,whileotherssuggesteditevolvedasaprotectivemechanismtokeeporganismsoutofharm'swayduringthenight.However,modernneurosciencehasrevealedthatsleepisahighlyactivestateduringwhichthebrainperformscriticalmaintenance.Itisnowunderstoodthatsleepisnotauniformstatebutacomplexbiologicalprocessessentialforsurvival.52.____________________________Aswesleep,ourbrainscyclethroughdistinctphases,broadlycategorizedintoNon-RapidEyeMovement(NREM)andRapidEyeMovement(REM)sleep.NREMsleepitselfisdividedintothreestages,rangingfromlightsleeptodeep,restorativeslow-wavesleep.DuringREMsleep,whichoccursapproximately90minutesafterfallingasleep,brainactivityincreasestolevelssimilartowakefulness.Thisisthestagemostcommonlyassociatedwithvividdreaming.Thesecyclesrepeatevery90to110minutesthroughoutthenight,withtheproportionofREMsleepincreasingtowardthemorning.53.____________________________Oneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesinsleepresearchistheroleitplaysinmemory.Duringtheday,thebrainabsorbsvastamountsofinformation,butthesememoriesareinitiallyfragile.ItisduringdeepNREMsleepthatthehippocampus,thebrain'smemorycenter,replaystheday'sevents,transferringinformationtotheneocortexforlong-termstorage.Thisprocess,knownasmemoryconsolidation,isvitalforlearningnewskillsandretainingfactualknowledge.Withoutadequatesleep,ourabilitytolearnandrecallinformationisseverelycompromised.54.____________________________Theinventionofartificiallight,andmorerecentlytheproliferationofdigitalscreens,hasprofoundlydisruptedhumansleeppatterns.Thebluelightemittedbysmartphonesandcomputerssuppressestheproductionofmelatonin,thehormoneresponsibleforregulatingthesleep-wakecycle.Thissuppressiondelaystheonsetofsleepandreducesthequalityofdeepsleep.Asaresult,modernpopulationssufferfromchroniccircadianmisalignment,leadingtoahostofmetabolicandpsychologicalissues.55.____________________________Theconsequencesofinsufficientsleepextendfarbeyondmeretiredness.Chronicsleepdeprivationhasbeendefinitivelylinkedtoanincreasedriskofcardiovasculardisease,obesity,anddiabetes.Furthermore,prolongedlackofsleepcompromisestheimmunesystem,makingthebodymoresusceptibletoinfections.Inextremecases,prolongedtotalsleepdeprivationcanbefatal,highlightingtheabsolutenecessityofsleepforbiologicalfunctioning.SectionIVWritingPartA:SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Writeasummaryofabout80-100words.Yoursummaryshouldcoverthemainpointsofthepassage.OriginalText:Urbanfarming,thepracticeofcultivatingfoodwithinoraroundcities,israpidlygainingpopularityasasustainablealternativetotraditionalagriculture.Proponentsarguethaturbanagriculturereducesthecarbonfootprintassociatedwithtransportingfoodoverlongdistances,oftenreferredtoas"foodmiles."Furthermore,ittransformsunusedurbanspaces,suchasrooftopsandvacantlots,intoproductivegreenareas,whichcanhelpreducetheurbanheatislandeffect.Additionally,urbanfarmscanprovidefreshproducetoneighborhoodsthatlackaccesstoaffordable,nutritiousfood,therebyaddressingissuesoffoodsecurity.However,criticspointoutthaturbanfarmingcannotproducestaplecropslikewheatorriceefficientlyduetospaceconstraints.Moreover,thesoilinurbanareasisoftencontaminatedwithheavymetals,posingarisktofoodsafety.Despitethesechallenges,advocatesmaintainthatwithproperregulationandinnovativetechniqueslikehydroponics,urbanfarmingcanplayasignificantroleincreatingresilientandself-sufficientcities.PartB:EssayWritingDirections:Writeanessayofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestheavilyinspaceexploration,suchasmissionstoMars,whileothersarguethatthismoneyshouldbespentonsolvingproblemsonEarth,likepovertyandclimatechange.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.参考答案及解析SectionIListeningComprehensionPartA1.答案：C解析：对话中女士提到天气预报说周末有暴雨，男士询问是否意味着他们的旅行会被影响，女士表示很可能会下雨。因此选C（旅行期间很可能会下雨）。2.答案：B解析：男士询问女士报告的进度，女士表示她还需要收集更多的数据才能完成报告，说明她需要更多数据。3.答案：C解析：对话中提到了登机牌、行李托运以及靠过道的座位，这些都是在机场办理登机手续时的典型对话。4.答案：C解析：女士提到教授对小组展示的要求非常严格，男士表示他还没有开始准备，并且感到非常紧张，说明男士没有准备好展示。5.答案：A解析：女士询问男士明天的面试准备得如何，男士回答说非常有信心，因为他已经为这家公司研究了一个月。因此选A。PartB6.答案：B解析：在访谈开始时，受访者明确提到今天讨论的主题是海洋酸化对珊瑚礁的影响。7.答案：C解析：当主持人询问海洋酸化的具体表现时，专家指出这会导致海水pH值下降，变得更加偏酸性。8.答案：B解析：专家在谈及如何解决这一问题时，强调最根本的方法是在全球范围内减少二氧化碳的排放，因为二氧化碳是导致海洋酸化的元凶。9.答案：B解析：专家指出解决海洋酸化问题并不简单，需要国际合作以及政策上的改变，这是一个长期的过程。10.答案：C解析：在访谈结尾，专家提到珊瑚礁的消亡速度比预想的要快，这是为了突出立即采取环保行动的紧迫性。11.答案：B解析：讲座的主题是城市规划，主讲人开篇即点出将讨论“15分钟城市”的概念及其益处。12.答案：A解析：主讲人解释“15分钟城市”时指出，这个概念的核心是市民能在15分钟内步行或骑车到达基本的生活服务设施。13.答案：B解析：尽管有很多好处，但主讲人也提到了一个潜在的劣势，即市中心区域的房价可能会因为需求增加而上涨。14.答案：B解析：在讨论如何实现这一理念时，主讲人提到在各社区建立远程工作中心是一个有效策略，这样可以减少通勤需求。15.答案：B解析：主讲人在总结时表示，“15分钟城市”不是一个僵化的模型，而是一个灵活的概念，可以根据不同城市的具体情况进行调整。PartC16.答案：cognitiveflexibility解析：录音原文第一句指出在两个不同概念之间切换的能力被称为认知灵活性。17.答案：culturalnorms解析：录音中提到学习新语言迫使大脑处理不同的语言结构和“culturalnorms”。18.答案：hippocampus解析：有氧运动增加大脑血流量并促进海马体的神经发生。19.答案：damagesbraincells解析：慢性压力释放皮质醇，进而损害脑细胞。20.答案：mindfulness解析：保持健康的工作生活平衡和练习正念对于保持这种认知功能至关重要。SectionIIUseofEnglish21.答案：A解析：句意为“随后的研究表明...”。A项subsequent意为“随后的，后来的”，符合语境。22.答案：A解析：walksoflife为固定搭配，意为“各行各业，社会各阶层”。23.答案：B解析：与qualifications并列，指代内在能力，B项skills“技能”最合适。运气和命运属于外部因素。24.答案：A解析：冒充者综合征患者生活在持续/不断的恐惧中，A项constant“持续的”最符合语境。25.答案：C解析：此处为现在分词作伴随状语，主语individuals与push之间为主动关系，故用pushing。26.答案：C解析：by+doingsth.意为“通过做某事”，此处表示通过拖延来进行自我破坏。27.答案：A解析：attribute...to...意为“把...归因于...”。此处指把失败归咎于时间不够。28.答案：A解析：认知行为疗法在帮助重塑负面思维模式方面非常“有效”，故选effective。29.答案：C解析：对他们成就的客观“评估/评价”。C项evaluations最符合语境。30.答案：B解析：在群体环境中“分享”个人的经历具有深度的治疗作用，故选sharing。31.答案：A解析：分享经历有助于“确立/认识到”这种感受的普遍性，A项establish符合句意。32.答案：B解析：管理者在“应对/处理”这一问题中扮演着关键角色，B项addressing意为“处理，应对”。33.答案：A解析：与后文acknowledging呼应，领导者应该“表扬”过程，而不是仅仅批评结果，故选praise。34.答案：C解析：这种做法会“积极地”增强个人的胜任感，故选positively。35.答案：B解析：虽然这种感觉可能永远不会消失，但学会“管理”它可以将它转化为催化剂，故选manage。SectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartA36.答案：C解析：第一段提到“Thesuddenshifttoremoteworkduringthepandemicwasinitiallyviewedasatemporarymeasure...”，即最初被视为临时的危机应对措施。37.答案：B解析：第二段指出该词用于描述管理者的恐惧，他们担心员工在家工作不如在办公室努力。38.答案：C解析：第二段提到研究揭示了领导层和员工之间对生产力的看法存在明显的脱节。39.答案：C解析：第三段提到“fullyremotemodelsmaystifletheorganiccollaborationandmentorshipthatoccurinphysicalspaces.”，即完全远程模式可能扼杀实体空间中自发的协作和指导。40.答案：C解析：第三段最后一句指出，当员工与团队协调在办公室的日子，确保实体出席用于协作任务时，混合工作模式最有效。41.答案：B解析：第一段首句提到，由于电动汽车和可再生能源存储的兴起，导致对过渡金属的需求激增，深海采矿因此受到关注。42.答案：C解析：第一段提到支持者认为提取结核比陆地采矿对环境的破坏更小，陆地采矿通常涉及森林砍伐和侵犯人权。43.答案：C解析：第二段提到提取结核的过程会搅起沉积物羽流，这会窒息滤食性生物并破坏脆弱的食物网。44.答案：B解析：第二段明确指出深海物种依赖结核本身作为附着的硬基质。45.答案：B解析：第三段提到环保主义者呼吁暂停采矿，认为应适用“人类共同遗产”原则，保护海底留给后代，直到完成全面基线研究。46.答案：B解析：文章首段指出，尽管数字通信增加，但心理学研究表明同理心急剧下降，引出“同理心差距”的概念。47.答案：B解析：第二段提到社交媒体精心策划的特性鼓励自我推销和比较，而不是真正的情感交流。48.答案：C解析：第二段指出“在线去抑制”是指由于互联网的匿名性，人们感到有胆量去进行在现实中绝不会展现的残忍行为。49.答案：C解析：第三段提到在工作场所中，同理心差距会导致有毒的环境和糟糕的团队协作。50.答案：C解析：最后一段提到专家建议进行“数字断食”并积极教授同理心行为。PartB:MatchingHeadings51.答案：A解析：本段探讨了科学家几十年来对人类为何需要睡眠的争论，提到了早期的节能理论和保护机制理论，属于睡眠的进化之谜。52.答案：G解析：本段详细描述了睡眠的不同阶段，包括NREM和REM睡眠及其循环，因此选睡眠周期的阶段。53.答案：D解析：本段重点讲述睡眠在记忆巩固中的作用，即海马体如