雅安市2026年上半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级

雅安市2026年上半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级SectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA:TrueorFalseDirections:Youwillhearaconversationbetweenauniversityprofessorandagraduatestudentaboutaresearchprojectonrenewableenergy.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.1.Thestudent’sinitialproposalfocusedprimarilyontheeconomicimpactofsolarenergyadoptioninruralareas.2.ProfessorSmithsuggeststhatthestudentshouldcompletelyabandonthecurrentdatasetbecauseitcontainstoomanyvariables.3.Thestudenthasalreadysecuredfundingfromanexternalenvironmentalagencytoconductthefieldwork.4.Accordingtotheprofessor,themethodologysectionneedstoexplicitlyaddresspotentialselectionbiasinthesamplingprocess.5.Thestudentagreestosubmittherevisedproposalbytheendofnextweek.PartB:MultipleChoiceDirections:Youwillhearthreemonologuesortalks.Aftereachtalk,youwillhearseveralquestions.Choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgiven.Questions6to8arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutcognitivepsychology.6.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthespeaker'sresearchmentionedinthetalk?A.Theimpactofsleepdeprivationonlong-termmemoryconsolidation.B.Theroleofthehippocampusinprocessingemotionaltrauma.C.Theeffectsofintermittentsensorydeprivationoncognitiveflexibility.D.Thecorrelationbetweenbilingualismanddelayedonsetofdementia.7.Accordingtothespeaker,whydidtheinitialexperimentsyieldinconclusiveresults?A.Thesamplesizewastoohomogeneous,lackingdemographicdiversity.B.Thecontrolgroupwasinadvertentlyexposedtotheexperimentalstimulus.C.Thefunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI)machineswereimproperlycalibrated.D.Theresearchersfailedtoaccountfortheparticipants'baselinecognitivevariations.8.Whatdoesthespeakerimplyaboutthefuturedirectionofthisresearchfield?A.Itwillshifttowardsutilizingartificialintelligencetomapneuralpathways.B.Itwillrequirecross-disciplinarycollaborationwithsociologistsandanthropologists.C.Itwillfacesignificantfundingcutsduetoashiftingovernmentpriorities.D.Itwillfocusmoreonlongitudinalstudiesratherthanshort-termlaboratoryexperiments.Questions9to11arebasedonalectureoninternationallaw.9.Whatisthemaincritiquethelecturerraisesregardingthecurrentinternationalmaritimelawframework?A.Itdisproportionatelyfavorsdevelopednationswithadvancednavalcapabilities.B.Itlacksarobustenforcementmechanismforenvironmentalprotectionviolations.C.Ithasnotbeenupdatedtoaddressthelegalstatusofdeep-seageneticresources.D.Itfailstoadequatelydefinetheterritorialwatersofartificialislands.10.Howdoesthelecturerexplaintheconceptof"thecommonheritageofmankind"inthecontextofthedeepseabed?A.Asalegalprinciplethatpreventsanysinglenationfromclaimingsovereigntyoverinternationalwaters.B.Asaneconomicframeworkintendedtoredistributeminingprofitstodevelopingnations.C.Asaphilosophicalconceptthathasnopracticalapplicationincurrentlegaldisputes.D.Asaregulatorystandardestablishedtoensurethesustainableextractionofrareearthminerals.11.WhathistoricaleventdoesthelecturerciteasthecatalystforthemodernframeworkoftheUnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSea(UNCLOS)?A.ThediscoveryofvastpolymetallicnodulesinthePacificOceaninthe1960s.B.TheunilateralextensionofterritorialwatersbyseveralSouthAmericancountries.C.Theoilcrisisofthe1970sandthesubsequentscrambleforoffshoredrillingrights.D.ThesigningoftheAntarcticTreaty,whichsetaprecedentforinternationalgovernance.Questions12to15arebasedonadiscussiononarchitecturalhistory.12.Accordingtothespeaker,whatwastheprimaryarchitecturalinnovationoftheGothicperiod?A.Theuseofflyingbuttressestosupporttallerandthinnerwalls.B.TheintroductionoftheRomanesqueroundedarchtodistributeweightmoreevenly.C.Thedevelopmentofreinforcedconcretetoallowforexpansiveopeninteriors.D.Theincorporationofstainedglasswindowsasastructuralratherthandecorativeelement.13.WhydoesthespeakermentiontheCathedralofChartres?A.ToillustratethetransitionfromRomanesquemassivenesstoGothicverticality.B.TohighlightthepoliticalinfluenceoftheCatholicChurchonurbanplanning.C.TodemonstratethedifferencesbetweenearlyandhighGothicstructuralengineering.D.Toshowhowarchitecturalstyleswereinfluencedbyinternationaltraderoutes.14.WhatdoesthespeakeridentifyasamajormisconceptionaboutGothicarchitecture?A.Thatitwasprimarilydesignedtointimidatethecommonpopulace.B.ThatitwasaregressionfromtheclassicalstandardsoftheRomanEmpire.C.Thatitwasstructurallyunsoundandrequiredconstantreinforcement.D.Thatitwasexclusivelyfinancedbythestateratherthanbythecommunity.15.Whatisthespeaker'soveralltoneregardingthepreservationofGothicstructures?A.Cautiouslyoptimisticabouttheavailabilityofmodernrestorationtechnologies.B.Deeplyconcernedabouttheirreversiblelossoforiginalcraftsmanshiptechniques.C.Indifferent,asthearchitecturalstylenolongerholdscontemporaryrelevance.D.Criticaloftheexcessivegovernmentspendingallocatedtohistoricalmonuments.PartC:SpotDictationDirections:Youwillhearalectureonastrophysics.Fillinthemissingwordsorphrasesinthefollowingtext.Theconceptofablackhole,aregionofspacetimewheregravityissostrongthatnothingcanescapefromit,hasfascinatedphysicistsfordecades.Atthecenterofablackholeliesthesingularity,apointwherethelawsofphysicsasweknowthem(16)__________.Theboundarybeyondwhichnoreturnispossibleisknownastheeventhorizon.Whenmattercrossesthisboundary,itundergoesaprocesscalled(17)__________,whereitisstretchedandcompressedinfinitely.Recentadvancementsinobservationalastronomyhaveallowedscientiststocaptureimagesoftheaccretiondisksurroundingsupermassiveblackholes.Thediskiscomposedofgasanddustthatare(18)__________atvelocitiesapproachingthespeedoflight.Asthismaterialcollidesandheatsup,itemitsimmenseamountsofelectromagneticradiation.ThemathematicalframeworkdescribingthesephenomenareliesheavilyonAlbertEinstein’sfieldequations,notablyexpressedthroughtheformula−R+ΛHowever,thetheoreticalunderstandingofblackholesremainsincomplete.Oneofthemostsignificantunresolvedissuesistheinformationparadox,whichsuggeststhatphysicalinformationcoulddisappearintoablackhole,violatingafundamentalprincipleofquantummechanics.Physicistsarecurrentlyexploringthe(20)__________principle,whichsuggeststhatalltheinformationcontainedwithinathree-dimensionalvolumecanbeencodedonitstwo-dimensionalboundary.SectionII:UseofEnglishPartA:ClozeTestwithMultipleChoiceDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefouroptionsprovided.Theglobalizationofmoderncommercehasbroughtunprecedentedeconomicgrowth,yetithasconcurrentlyengenderedamyriadofecologicalchallenges.Amongthese,therapid(21)__________ofmarinebiodiversityduetoanthropogenicactivitiesstandsoutasacriticalconcern.Theproliferationofplasticdebrisintheworld'soceansisnotmerelyanaestheticblight;itconstitutesaprofoundthreattothe(22)__________ofmarineecosystems.Microplastics,definedasplasticfragmentssmallerthanfivemillimetersinlength,areparticularly(23)__________.Theyarereadilyingestedbymarineorganisms,frommicroscopiczooplanktontomassivebaleenwhales.Thebioaccumulationofthesesyntheticpolymers,alongwiththetoxicchemicalsthey(24)__________,candisruptendocrinesystemsandleadtoreproductivefailuresinapexpredators.Furthermore,the(25)__________ofmicroplasticsintothehumanfoodchainthroughtheconsumptionofseafoodrepresentsanunquantifiablepublichealthrisk.Effortsto(26)__________thiscrisishavebeenFragmentedandlargelyineffectiveonaglobalscale.Whilesomenationshaveimplementedbansonsingle-useplastics,thevastmajorityofmarinedebrisoriginatesfromnationswith(27)__________wastemanagementinfrastructure.Therefore,aconcerted,multilateralapproachisrequired.Theestablishmentofaninternationaltreaty,(28)__________totheParisAgreementonclimatechange,hasbeenproposedbyseveralenvironmentaladvocacygroups.Suchatreatywouldneedto(29)__________bindingtargetsforplasticreduction,incentivizethedevelopmentofbiodegradablealternatives,andprovidefinancialassistancetodevelopingcountriesfortheupgradingoftheirwastetreatmentfacilities.Ultimately,addressingthemarineplasticcrisisdemandsafundamentalparadigmshiftinhowhumansocietiesproduce,consume,and(30)__________materials.Incrementalchangesareinsufficient;asystemicoverhauloftheglobalsupplychainisimperativetoavertirreversibleecologicaldamage.21.A.depletionB.accumulationC.proliferationD.stabilization22.A.vulnerabilityB.resilienceC.integrityD.degradation23.A.ubiquitousB.scarceC.negligibleD.isolated24.A.emitB.absorbC.dischargeD.permeate25.A.integrationB.assimilationC.infiltrationD.introduction26.A.mitigateB.exacerbateC.overlookD.sustain27.A.robustB.antiquatedC.stringentD.innovative28.A.similarB.contraryC.superiorD.adjacent29.A.mandateB.suggestC.recommendD.ignore30.A.utilizeB.discardC.manufactureD.synthesizePartB:ClozeTestwithWordFillingDirections:Readthefollowingtext.FillineachblankwithONEwordthatbestfitsthecontext.Thephilosophyofscienceisconcernedwiththeassumptions,foundations,andimplicationsofscience.Oneofthecentraldebateswithinthisfieldrevolvesaroundtheconceptofscientificrealismversusanti-realism.Scientificrealismpositsthattheuniversedescribedbyscienceisreal(31)__________ofhowitisobserved.Realistsarguethatmaturescientifictheoriesareatleastapproximatelytrue,andthatunobservableentitiespostulatedbythesetheories,suchaselectronsorquarks,exist(32)__________.Conversely,scientificanti-realistsmaintainthatthegoalofscienceisnottruth,butratherempiricaladequacy.Theyarguethatacceptingascientifictheorydoesnot(33)__________believingthatitsunobservableclaimsaretrue.Oneofthemostinfluentialanti-realistpositionsisconstructiveempiricism,whichassertsthatscienceaimstogiveustheoriesthatareempiricallyadequate,andthatacceptingatheoryinvolves(34)__________beliefonlythatitisadequatetoobservablephenomena.Thedebateoftenhingesonthe"nomiracles"argument,whichsuggeststhatthesuccessofscienceinpredictingandmanipulatingnaturalphenomenawouldbeinexplicable(35)__________scientifictheorieswerenotatleastapproximatelytrue.Iftheoriesweremerelyusefulfictions,theargumentgoes,theirpredictivesuccesseswouldbemiraculous.Anti-realistscounterthisbyarguingthatthehistoryofscienceisrepletewiththeoriesthatwerehighlysuccessfulintheirtimebutarenowconsideredfalse,aphenomenonknownasthepessimistic(36)__________.Inrecentyears,structuralrealismhasemergedasacompromise.Itsuggeststhatwhilewecannotknowthenatureofunobservableentities,wecanknowthemathematicalstructureofthe(37)__________world.Thisperspectiveattemptstoretaintheintuitiveplausibilityofthe"nomiracles"argumentwhile(38)__________theforceofthehistoricalobjections.Byfocusingontherelationshipsbetweenentitiesratherthantheentitiesthemselves,structuralrealistsarguethatscientificcontinuityispreservedatthelevelofmathematicalstructure,even(39)__________theunderlyingontologicalnatureofthoseentitieschangesradicallyacrosstheoreticalparadigms.Thus,thediscoursecontinuesto(40)__________theveryepistemologicalfoundationsuponwhichhumanscientificinquiryisconstructed.SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartA:MultipleChoiceDirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingthebestoption.Text1:TheParadoxofChoiceintheDigitalAgeThemodernconsumerisburdenedbyanunprecedentedabundanceofchoices.Fromstreamingservicesofferingthousandsoftitlestoe-commerceplatformswithinfiniteinventories,thedigitalagehasostensiblydemocratizedselection.However,psychologicalresearchindicatesthatthissurfeitofoptionsoftenleadstodecisionparalysisanddiminishedsatisfaction,aphenomenonfamouslytermedthe"paradoxofchoice"bypsychologistBarrySchwartz.Whenindividualsareconfrontedwithanextensivearrayofalternatives,thecognitiveloadrequiredtoevaluateeachoptionescalatesdramatically.Insteadoffeelingempowered,consumersfrequentlyfeeloverwhelmed.Theyspendexcessivetimedeliberating,andevenaftermakingadecision,theyaremorelikelytoexperiencepost-decisionregret,ponderingtheunchosenalternatives.Thiscognitivedissonanceerodesthepsychologicalutilityderivedfromtheselectedproductorservice.Furthermore,thedigitalarchitectureofmodernplatformsexacerbatesthisissuethroughalgorithmiccuration.Whilerecommendationenginesclaimtonarrowdownchoicesbasedonuserpreferences,theyoftencreateechochambers,limitingexposuretonovelexperiences.Theuserispresentedwithanillusionofchoice,wheretheoptionsareactuallyhighlyconstrainedbypreviousbehavioraldata.Consequently,theautonomythatabundantchoicewassupposedtodeliverissubvertedbyinvisiblealgorithmicfilters.Theimplicationsofthisparadoxextendbeyondconsumerbehaviorintothesociopoliticalrealm.Inaninformationecosystemsaturatedwithnewssources,citizensstruggletodiscerncredibleinformationfrommisinformation.Theeffortrequiredtocross-referenceandvalidatesourcesoftenleadstoselectiveexposure,whereindividualsretreatintoideologicalsilosthatreinforcetheirpre-existingbeliefs.Tomitigatetheseeffects,thereisagrowingmovementadvocatingforthedesignofdigitalenvironmentsthatprioritizequalityoverquantity.Implementing"choicearchitecture"thatsubtlyguidesuserstowardsoptimaldecisionswithouteliminatingtheiragencyentirelyisproposedasapotentialsolution.Ultimately,navigatingthemoderndigitallandscaperequiresnotjustaccesstooptions,butthecognitivedisciplinetoself-limitone'sexposuretothem.41.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimarypsychologicaleffectofhavingtoomanychoices?A.Itleadstoincreasedconsumerempowermentandautonomy.B.Itcausesdecisionparalysisandreducesoverallsatisfaction.C.Itenhancestheutilityderivedfromtheselectedproduct.D.Itencouragesindividualstoexplorenovelexperiences.42.Howdoalgorithmicrecommendationenginesaffectuserautonomy,accordingtotheauthor?A.Theyexpandautonomybyexposinguserstoawidervarietyofproducts.B.Theyhavenomeasurableimpactontheactualchoicesavailabletotheuser.C.Theycreateanillusionofchoicewhileactuallyconstrainingoptionsbasedonpastbehavior.D.Theyempowerusersbyeliminatingtheneedtomakeanydecisionsaltogether.43.Theauthorusesthephrase"selectiveexposure"inthecontextofthesociopoliticalrealmtodescribeasituationwhere:A.Citizensactivelyseekoutopposingviewpointstovalidatetheirownbeliefs.B.Thesheervolumeofinformationleadsindividualstoretreatintofamiliarideologicalsilos.C.Algorithmsforceuserstoconsumepoliticalcontenttheydisagreewith.D.Individualsrigorouslycross-referencemultiplenewssourcestofindthetruth.44.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheparadoxofchoiceindigitaldesign?A.Completelyeliminatinguseroptionstoreducecognitiveload.B.Designingalgorithmsthatcollectmoregranularbehavioraldata.C.Implementingchoicearchitecturethatguidesuserswithoutremovingtheiragency.D.Requiringuserstoundergocognitivetrainingbeforeusingdigitalplatforms.45.Whatisthecentralthesisofthepassage?A.Thedigitalagehassuccessfullydemocratizedconsumerselectionandpoliticaldiscourse.B.Recommendationalgorithmsarethesolecauseofideologicalpolarization.C.Anabundanceofchoices,whileseeminglybeneficial,oftenleadstocognitiveoverloadanddiminishedsatisfaction.D.Consumersshouldcompletelyrejectdigitalplatformsandreturntotraditionalretailmethods.Text2:TheEconomicsofEcosystemServicesHistorically,thedisciplineofeconomicshasstruggledtoincorporatethevalueofnatureintoitsmodels.Traditionalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)metricstreattheextractionofnaturalresourcesasincome,whilethedegradationofecosystems—suchasdeforestation,soilerosion,andbiodiversityloss—isoftenexternalizedfromeconomiccalculations.However,theemergingfieldofecologicaleconomicsseekstorectifythisbyquantifying"ecosystemservices,"themyriadbenefitsthathumansderivefromnaturalenvironments.Ecosystemservicesarebroadlycategorizedintofourtypes:provisioningservices(suchasfoodandwater);regulatingservices(suchasclimateregulationandfloodcontrol);culturalservices(suchasrecreationalandspiritualbenefits);andsupportingservices(suchasnutrientcyclingandsoilformation).Assigningamonetaryvaluetotheseservicesisinherentlycomplex,astheyarepublicgoodsthatlackadirectmarketprice.Economistsemployvariousvaluationmethods,includingcontingentvaluation(surveyingpeople'swillingnesstopayforaservice)andreplacementcost(calculatingthecostofartificiallyreplicatingtheservice).OneprominentcasestudyistherestorationoftheCatskillMountainswatershed,whichnaturallyfiltersthedrinkingwaterforNewYorkCity.Facingtheprospectofbuildingamulti-billion-dollarwaterfiltrationplant,thecityinsteadinvestedhundredsofmillionsinrestoringthewatershed'secosystems.Thisdecisionwasgroundedintheeconomicrealizationthattheregulatingserviceprovidedbynaturewassignificantlycheapertomaintainthanitsartificialreplacement.Despitetheutilityofthisframework,thecommodificationofnatureisnotwithoutitscritics.Someenvironmentalethicistsarguethatassigningamonetaryvaluetonaturereducesittoamereinstrumentofhumanutility,ignoringitsintrinsicworth.Furthermore,valuationmethodologiesareoftenimpreciseandcanundervalueserviceswhosebenefitsarenotimmediatelyapparenttohumanpopulations.Nevertheless,integratingecosystemservicesintoeconomicdecision-makingprovidesapragmaticmechanismforenvironmentalprotection.Bydemonstratingthetangibleeconomicconsequencesofecologicaldegradation,policymakerscanjustifyconservationeffortsinalanguagethatresonateswithtraditionaleconomicparadigms.Thisapproachshiftsthenarrativefromviewingenvironmentalprotectionasacostlyimpedimenttoeconomicgrowth,torecognizingitasafundamentalprerequisiteforlong-termprosperity.46.WhatistheprimarycriticismoftraditionalGDPmetricsmentionedinthetext?A.Theyovervaluethecostofartificialwaterfiltrationplants.B.Theyfailtoaccountforthedegradationandexternalizationofnaturalresources.C.Theyfocustooheavilyonculturalservicesratherthanprovisioningservices.D.Theyareunabletomeasurethepublicwillingnesstopayforenvironmentalgoods.47.Accordingtothetext,whatcharacterizes"regulatingservices"providedbyecosystems?A.Theyprovidedirectmaterialbenefitssuchasfoodandtimber.B.Theyofferrecreationalandspiritualbenefitstohumanpopulations.C.Theymaintainessentialenvironmentalfunctionslikeclimatecontrolandfloodmitigation.D.Theyinvolvethenaturalcyclingofnutrientsandtheformationofsoil.48.TheCatskillMountainswatershedexampleisusedtoillustrate:A.Thedifficultyofaccuratelypricingculturalecosystemservices.B.Thesuperiorityofartificialinfrastructureovernaturalecosystemregulation.C.Theeconomicefficiencyofpreservingnaturalregulatingservicescomparedtobuildingartificialalternatives.D.Thefailureofcontingentvaluationmethodsinurbanplanningcontexts.49.Whatconcerndoenvironmentalethicistsraiseregardingthevaluationofecosystemservices?A.Thevaluationmethodologiesaretooexpensivetoimplement.B.Placingamonetaryvalueonnatureneglectsitsintrinsicvalueandreducesittohumanutility.C.Itleadstotheover-protectionofecosystemsattheexpenseofeconomicgrowth.D.Itaccuratelycapturesthebenefitsofservicesthatarenotimmediatelyapparent.50.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardtheintegrationofecosystemservicesintoeconomicmodels?A.Theauthorviewsitasaflawedanddangerouscommodificationofnature.B.Theauthorbelievesitisapragmaticstrategytoachieveenvironmentalconservationwithineconomicframeworks.C.Theauthorarguesitiscompletelyineffectivebecausetraditionaleconomicparadigmscannotchange.D.Theauthorthinksitisonlyusefulfordevelopingnationslackingartificialinfrastructure.Text3:TheEvolutionofLinguisticRelativityTheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,alsoknownastheprincipleoflinguisticrelativity,positsthatthestructureofalanguageinfluencesitsspeakers'worldviewandcognition.Initsstrongform,oftentermedlinguisticdeterminism,itsuggeststhatlanguagedeterminesthought,strictlylimitingwhataspeakercanconceptualize.Thisstrongformulationhasbeenlargelydiscreditedbymoderncognitivescience,asevidenceshowsthathumansarecapableofthinkingaboutconceptsforwhichtheylackspecificvocabulary.However,theweakformoflinguisticrelativity,whichassertsthatlanguagemerelyshapesorinfluencesthoughtinaprobabilisticmanner,hasgarneredsubstantialempiricalsupport.Researchershavedemonstratedhowlinguisticstructuresaffectvariouscognitivedomains,includingspatialorientation,timeperception,andnumericalreasoning.Oneofthemostcompellingexamplescomesfromstudiesonspatialcognition.LanguageslikeGuuguYimithirr,spokeninAustralia,donotuseegocentricspatialtermslike"left"or"right."Instead,theyrelyexclusivelyonabsolutecardinaldirections(north,south,east,west).Speakersofsuchlanguagesmustmaintainaconstantcognitiveawarenessoftheirabsoluteorientation,demonstratingenhancednavigationalskillsandaperpetualinternalcompasscomparedtospeakersoflanguagesrelyingonrelativespatialterms.Similarly,theperceptionoftimeisinfluencedbylinguisticstructure.InEnglish,timeisoftenconceptualizedhorizontally(lookingforwardtothefuture,lookingbackatthepast).InMandarin,timecanalsobeconceptualizedvertically(upforthepast,downforthefuture).Experimentsusingnon-linguisticspatialprimeshaveshownthatactivatingtheselinguisticrepresentationsaffectshowspeakersunconsciouslyarrangetemporalsequencesinspace,suggestingthatthelanguageusedtotalkabouttimedeeplyentrenchesthecognitivemetaphorsusedtothinkaboutit.Whilelinguisticrelativitydoesnotdictatearigidprison-houseoflanguage,itconfirmsthatthehabitualuseofspecificgrammaticalandlexicalstructuresreinforcesparticularneuralpathways.Languageisnotmerelyapassivevehicleforexpressingpre-existingthoughts,butanactiveparticipantinshapingthecognitivelandscape,subtlyguidingattentionandstructuringhabitualperception.51.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenthestrongandweakformsoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?A.Thestrongformsuggestslanguagedeterminesthoughtentirely,whiletheweakformsuggestslanguageinfluencesthought.B.Thestrongformissupportedbyempiricalevidence,whereastheweakformhasbeendiscredited.C.Thestrongformappliesonlytospatialcognition,whiletheweakformappliestotemporalperception.D.Thestrongformfocusesonlinguisticdeterminism,whiletheweakformdeniesanyinfluenceoflanguageoncognition.52.HowdoestheGuuguYimithirrlanguageinfluencethecognitiveabilitiesofitsspeakers?A.Itlimitstheirabilitytounderstandegocentricspatialterms.B.Itforcesthemtorelyonrelativedirections,weakeningtheirnavigationalskills.C.Itnecessitatesaconstantawarenessofabsolutecardinaldirections,enhancingnavigationalskills.D.Itpreventsthemfromconceptualizingtimeinahorizontaldimension.53.Whatdidexperimentsusingnon-linguisticspatialprimesdemonstrate?A.ThatMandarinspeakersareincapableofunderstandinghorizontaltime.B.ThatEnglishspeakersareunabletoconceptualizeverticaltime.C.Thatlanguagehasnomeasurableeffectonnon-linguisticcognitivetasks.D.Thatlinguisticrepresentationsoftimeaffecthowspeakersarrangetemporalsequencesspatially.54.Whatismeantbythephrase"notdictatearigidprison-houseoflanguage"?A.Languagecompletelyimprisonshumanthoughtandpreventscognitiveflexibility.B.Languagedoesnotstrictlydeterminewhatcanbethought,butitdoesshapehabitualperception.C.Cognitivesciencehasproventhatlinguisticrelativityisentirelyfalse.D.Languageisapassivevehiclethatdoesnotparticipateinshapingthought.55.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToarguethatthestrongformoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesisissuperiortotheweakform.B.Todemonstratethatalllanguagesconceptualizetimeandspaceintheexactsameway.C.Toillustratehowlanguagecanactivelyshapecognitiveprocesses,focusingontheweakformoflinguisticrelativity.D.ToprovethatMandarinandEnglisharefundamentallyincompatibleintheirconceptualizationofreality.PartB:SequencingandMatchingDirections:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthefutureofwork.Somesentenceshavebeenremovedfromthetext.ChoosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelistA-Gforeachblank(56-60).Therearetwoextrasentencesthatyoudonotneedtouse.Theintegrationofartificialintelligence(AI)intotheworkplaceisrapidlytransformingthenatureoflabor.(56)__________.Automationisnolongerconfinedtoroutinemanualtasks;itisincreasinglycapableofperformingcomplexcognitivefunctionsthatwereoncetheexclusivedomainofhighlyeducatedprofessionals.Theimpactofthistransitionisparadoxical.Onone