湖北省武汉市江岸区2025-2026学年高一英语下学期期末试题（含答案）

高一英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。选择题部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whatcoloristhewoman’scat?A.Black.B.White.C.Red.2.Wheredidthemanleavehisbag?A.Onthebus.B.Atschool.C.Athisfriend’s.3.Whatcausedthemarkonthewoman’sarm?A.Aninsect.B.Adog.C.Achild.4.Whyisthemaninsucharush?A.Hemissedhistrain.B.Heneededtobuyatrainticket.C.Hewenttothewrongstation.5.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?A.Kindsofrestaurants.B.Typesoffood.C.Areasoftown.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听第6段材料，回答6—7小题。6.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Lucky.B.Sorry.C.Worried.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Complaintotheboss.B.Leavethefootprints.C.Cleantheflooragain.听第7段材料，回答8—9小题。8.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeakers?A.Theyareacouple.B.Theyaregoodfriends.C.Theyarestrangers.9.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Offerherafreemeal.B.Makeplanswithherandherfamily.C.Helphercreatearestaurantbusiness.听第8段材料，回答10—12小题。10.Whendidthewomanstartwork?A.At6:00a.m.B.At7:00a.m.C.At8:00a.m.11.Whyisthewomantired?A.Shedidn’tsleep.B.Shehadalongday.C.Shedidboringwork.12.Whatisthewoman?A.Apatient.B.Anurse.C.Adoctor.听第9段材料，回答13—16小题。13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inaclub.B.Inasportscenter.C.Inaconcerthall.14.Whatdoesthemandislikeaboutlargemusicconcerts?A.Thehighprice.B.Thebadsound.C.Thedarkatmosphere.15.Howdidthemangetthetickets?A.Fromhissister.B.Fromafriend.C.Fromawebsite.16.Whatinstrumentdoesthewomanplay?A.Theviolin.B.Theguitar.C.Thepiano.听第10段材料，回答17—20小题。17.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeneartheoceanthisweekend?A.Windy.B.Snowy.C.Sunny.18.Whatisthespeaker’ssuggestionforthoselivinginthemountains?A.Travelingtothecoast.B.Stayinginside.C.Playinginthesnow.19.Whatwarningarelocalofficialsgiving?A.Roadsmaybecomedangerous.B.Temperaturescouldbeverylow.C.Peoplemightloseelectricity.20.Whenwillgoodweatherbegin?A.OnTuesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWhatistheSummerReadingChallenge?1in4childrencannotreadwellbytheageof11.Thishugelylimitstheirlifechoicesandskills.We’reonamissiontochangethis.TheSummerReadingChallengeencourageschildrentokeepreadingduringthesummerholidays,ensuringtheyarereadyforagreatstarttothenewtermintheautumn.Childrensetareadinggoalandcollectrewardsforreadinganythingtheyenjoy.Childrencansignupattheirlocallibraryoronline,andit’sFREEtotakepart.ReadtotheBeat!Thisyear’sChallengeisReadtotheBeat!,deliveredbyTheReadingAgencyinpartnershipwithpubliclibrariesandpoweredbyUniversalMusicGroupUK.Thethemeinspireschildrentoexploretheconnectionbetweenstoriesandsongs,discoveringhowreadingandmusicbothlightimaginationandcreativity.Thisyear’sChallengeisbroughttolifewithillustrationsbyaward-winningauthorandillustrator,HarryWoodgate.2026LaunchDatesScotland:Saturday20JuneEnglandandWales:Saturday4JulyWhoisitfor?TheSummerReadingChallengeisaimedatchildrenfrom4-11yearsold.Itsupportsthisagegroupandtheirfamiliesby:●Preparingchildrentogetbacktotheclassroomintheautumn.●Supportingthemoveintoanewyeargrouporkeystage.●Boostingchildren’sconfidenceandself-esteembysupportingindependentreading.●Providingfreeaccesstobooksandfunfamilyactivitiesduringthesummer.GetInvolvedInthelibraryVisityourlocallibraryandsignup.Yourchildwillsetareadinggoal,chooseanythingtheyliketoread,andcollectspecialstickersandrewardsfortheirreading.Librariesofferlotsoffreeactivitiesandeventsthroughoutthesummer.OnlineSignupontheofficialChallengewebsitetotakepartonline.Childrencansetareadinggoalandgettipsforaccessingbooksforfreeathome.Astheyreadbooks,they’llunlockdigitalrewards,includingaprintablecertificate.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.TosellillustratedbooksbyHarryWoodgate.B.Toannouncethelaunchdateofamusicfestival.C.Toencouragechildrentojoinareadingprogram.D.Toreportonchildren’sreadingabilityintheUK.2.Whatisafeatureof2026’sChallenge?A.Illustrationsmakeitlively. B.ItisfundedbytheReadingAgency.C.TheendingdatesaredifferentinUK. D.Thethemeistocombinestoriesandmusic.3.Whatisthelibrary’sadvantageovertheonlineversion?A.Digitalandphysicalrewards. B.Freeactivitiesandevents.C.Tipsforhomebooks. D.Onlinesign-upoption.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】文章主要介绍了暑期阅读挑战赛的设立初衷、本年度主题、发布时间、适用人群以及线下图书馆参与方式和线上参与渠道等相关信息，号召儿童报名参与活动。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据WhatistheSummerReadingChallenge?部分“TheSummerReadingChallengeencourageschildrentokeepreadingduringthesummerholidays,ensuringtheyarereadyforagreatstarttothenewtermintheautumn.Childrencansignupattheirlocallibraryoronline,andit’sFREEtotakepart.(暑期阅读挑战赛鼓励孩子们在暑假期间坚持阅读，确保他们为秋季新学期的良好开端做好准备。孩子们可以在当地图书馆或网上报名，全程免费参与。)”可知，文章主要目的是鼓励儿童加入这项阅读活动。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据ReadtotheBeat!部分“Thethemeinspireschildrentoexploretheconnectionbetweenstoriesandsongs,discoveringhowreadingandmusicbothlightimaginationandcreativity.(该主题鼓励孩子们探索故事与歌曲之间的联系，发掘阅读与音乐如何同时激发想象力与创造力。)”可知，2026年挑战赛特色是主题融合故事与音乐。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据GetInvolved下列表格Inthelibrary中“Visityourlocallibraryandsignup.Yourchildwillsetareadinggoal,chooseanythingtheyliketoread,andcollectspecialstickersandrewardsfortheirreading.Librariesofferlotsoffreeactivitiesandeventsthroughoutthesummer.(前往当地图书馆现场报名。孩子可以设定阅读目标，自主选择喜爱的读物，读完还能领取专属贴纸和实物奖励。整个暑假期间，图书馆还会举办大量免费趣味活动。)”以及Online中“SignupontheofficialChallengewebsitetotakepartonline.Childrencansetareadinggoalandgettipsforaccessingbooksforfreeathome.Astheyreadbooks,they’llunlockdigitalrewards,includingaprintablecertificate.(登录挑战赛官方网站线上报名参与。孩子同样能够制定阅读目标，获取在家免费借阅书籍的实用方法。每读完书籍就能解锁电子奖励，其中包含可自行打印的荣誉证书。)”对比可知，线下图书馆独有的优势是拥有线下免费活动与现场活动。BLatelastspring,IhadsomepersonalproblemsandfeltIneededhelpwithmyfeelings.Ionceheardthatreadingasea-themedcartoonandliftingweightswouldmakemefeelbetter,butIhadalreadytriedboth,andtheydidnotwork.WhatIwantedwasabookthatcouldgivemeadviceonhowtolivetherestofmylifeinameaningfulway.ThenIrememberedthataphilosophernamedBaruchSpinozawasknownforofferingrealcomfortthroughhiswritings.Ihadwantedtoreadhismostfamousbook,TheEthics,foralongtime.Ithoughtitwasfinallytimetolethiswordscalmmedown.Therewasoneproblem:TheEthicsisknowntobeveryhardtounderstand.SoIpostedonsocialmediaandaskedmyfriendsiftheywouldliketoreadittogetherwithme.Tomysurprise,nearly40peoplesaidyes.Imadea10-weekreadingplan,andwestarted.Nearlyhalfofthegroupleftafterthefirstfewmeetings,butthereststayed.WemeteverySundayonline.Often,wecametothemeetingsconfusedbywhatSpinozahadwritten.Butafteranhourofdiscussion,wewouldleavewithalittlemoreunderstanding.Bythetimewereachedthelastchapter,ourgroupfeltveryexcited.Werealizedthatbeingtogetherwithothers,feelingconnectedtotheworld,andacceptingthepathsourliveshadtaken—thesewerethingswealreadyhadallalong.Ifeltsaved,andIwasthankful.Whydidwedothistoourselves?Noneofusarephilosophyprofessors.Wehavebusyjobsandmanyadultresponsibilities.Buttheexperiencewasworthwhile.Friendshipgrowswhenagroupworkshardonadifficulttasktogether.Learningcanbepainfulandpleasantatthesametime—andmostimportantly,itisshared.Ienjoyeasythingstoo.Butslowly,Ihavenoticedthatmodernlifeoftenpushesustoaccepttoomanyquickandsimplepleasures.Readingahardbookwillnotchangethat,orfixanything.Still,foratleastafewhourseachweek,Icangivemyfullattention—togetherwithfriends—tosomethingthatrequiresrealmentaleffort.AndIfeelasatisfyingkindoftirednessattheend.4.WhydidtheauthorwanttoreadSpinoza’sbook?A.Togetcomfort. B.Tofindguidance. C.Toimproveability. D.Toimpressfriends.5.Whatdoes“worthwhile”(para.6)mostlikelymean?A.Usefulandvaluable. B.Responsibleandfun.C.Painfulbutfruitful. D.Difficultbuteducational.6.WhatlessondoIlearnfromthisreadingexperience?A.Tirednessplacespeopleundergreatpressure.B.Readingbooksisaspecialtreatinmodernlife.C.Mentaleffortimprovespersonalcommunication.D.Peoplemayfindmeaningindemandingactivities.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Normalpeople’sfiguringoutSpinoza’shardideas.B.Readingahardbookasateam-buildingchallenge.C.Therealsecrettogettingthroughbiganddifficultbooks.D.Frombeingconfusedonlinetofeelingbetterinmodernlife.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.D【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了作者遭遇个人情绪困扰，邀约好友一同研读晦涩难懂的哲学书籍《伦理学》，在小组线上共读、交流探讨的过程中走出迷茫，调整好了自身状态，并结合这次经历反思现代生活，收获人生感悟的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatIwantedwasabookthatcouldgivemeadviceonhowtolivetherestofmylifeinameaningfulway.ThenIrememberedthataphilosophernamedBaruchSpinozawasknownforofferingrealcomfortthroughhiswritings.(我想要的是一本能为我提供建议，教我如何有意义地度过余生的书。这时我想起哲学家BaruchSpinoza，其作品以给予人真切慰藉著称。)”可知，作者读斯宾诺莎著作的初衷是寻求人生方向与生活指导。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第六段“Noneofusarephilosophyprofessors.Wehavebusyjobsandmanyadultresponsibilities.Buttheexperiencewasworthwhile.Friendshipgrowswhenagroupworkshardonadifficulttasktogether.(我们都不是哲学教授，有着繁忙的工作与各类成年人责任，但这段经历十分worthwhile。当一群人齐心协力攻克一项艰巨任务时，友谊便会愈发深厚。)”可知，But表转折，前文讲述众人基础薄弱、日常繁忙，转折后强调这次共读经历是值得的，友谊变得更加深厚；worthwhile意为“值得做的”，与选项A“Usefulandvaluable.(有用且有价值的。)”含义接近。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butslowly,Ihavenoticedthatmodernlifeoftenpushesustoaccepttoomanyquickandsimplepleasures.Readingahardbookwillnotchangethat,orfixanything.Still,foratleastafewhourseachweek,Icangivemyfullattention—togetherwithfriends—tosomethingthatrequiresrealmentaleffort.AndIfeelasatisfyingkindoftirednessattheend.(但慢慢地我察觉到，现代生活总是裹挟着我们，一味追逐各种唾手可得、浅显肤浅的即时快感。读一本晦涩难懂的书并无法扭转这种现状，也不能解决现实里的任何问题。即便如此，每周我仍能抽出至少数个小时，和朋友们全身心投入到一件真正需要耗费脑力的事情当中。待到结束之时，我心中只余下一种充实且满足的疲惫感。)”可知，作者感悟到人们能够在耗费心力、有挑战性的活动中找寻生活意义。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Latelastspring,IhadsomepersonalproblemsandfeltIneededhelpwithmyfeelings.(去年春末，我遇到了一些个人问题，情绪上需要疏导。)”、第四段“Often,wecametothemeetingsconfusedbywhatSpinozahadwritten.(我们线上碰面时，常常会被斯宾诺莎的文字弄得一头雾水。)”以及第五段“Ifeltsaved,andIwasthankful.(我得到了救赎，心怀感恩。)”及最后一段“Butslowly,Ihavenoticedthatmodernlifeoftenpushesustoaccepttoomanyquickandsimplepleasures.Readingahardbookwillnotchangethat,orfixanything.Still,foratleastafewhourseachweek,Icangivemyfullattention—togetherwithfriends—tosomethingthatrequiresrealmentaleffort.AndIfeelasatisfyingkindoftirednessattheend.(但慢慢地我察觉到，现代生活总是裹挟着我们，一味追逐各种唾手可得、浅显肤浅的即时快感。读一本晦涩难懂的书并无法扭转这种现状，也不能解决现实里的任何问题。即便如此，每周我仍能抽出至少数个小时，和朋友们全身心投入到一件真正需要耗费脑力的事情当中。待到结束之时，我心中只余下一种充实且满足的疲惫感。)”可知，作者一开始深陷情绪困扰，线上共读全程充满困惑迷茫，在交流研读中慢慢治愈自我、走出负面情绪，最后结合本次经历思考现代生活的现状与自我成长，D选项“Frombeingconfusedonlinetofeelingbetterinmodernlife.(从线上满心迷茫，到在现代生活中调整好自身状态。)”最能概括全文主旨。CSomepeoplemightthinkthatabookabout“theinfluenceofthehorseonhumanhistory”couldn’tpossiblybeinteresting.Butinfact,TimothyC.Winegard’sTheHorseisfascinating.Itoffersafreshwayoflookingathowimportanthorsesweretohumandevelopment.Andthebookalmostdidn’thappen—becausehorsesalmostdidn’tsurvive.AttheendoftheIceAge,suddenclimatechangesdrovehorsestotheedgeofextinction.Theanimal,oncefoundacrossmuchoftheworld,becamelargelylimitedtoanareafromEasternEuropetoCentralAsia.There,theywerehuntedmainlyforfood.Horsesmighthavegonethewayoftheirextinctrelativesifhumanshadnotdomesticatedthemlikecattle.Then,oneday,someonedecidedtojumponthebackofamilder-temperedhorse.Thatsimpleactstartedarevolutionthatchangedtheworld.Ridinghorseshelpedfarmerstakecareofmoresheepandgoats.Italsohelpedhunterscovermoreground.Whenhorsesreplacedcattle,theirgreaterspeedallowedmorelandtobeplowed(犁地).Thisincreasedcropproductionandchangedfarmersfrompeoplewhoonlygrewfoodforthemselvesintoexportersofgoods.Inevitably,horsesbecameinstrumentsofwar.Atfirst,theypulledwarvehiclescarryingarchers.Later,theycarriedsoldiersdirectlyintobattle.Theearliestknowntruecavalry(骑兵)unitbelongedtotheAssyriankingTukulti-NinurtaⅡ.Inafairlyshorttime,cavalryunitsmadethedifferenceinbattle.Thosenationsthathadhorseswonwars;thosethatdidn’ttriedtogetthem.Inmanyways,theseconflictscreatedtheworldweliveintoday.AlexandertheGreatextendedhisempire—andGreekculture—throughPersiaandIndiaandbeyond,thankstothesuccessofhiscavalry.MoorishinvadersbroughtmathandsciencetoEuropeonhorseback.HorseswerealsothedecidingfactorintheBattleofHastings.There,William,theDukeofNormandy—whohadcavalry—soundlydefeatedtheAnglo-SaxonKingHaroldGodwinson.ThatvictorycreatedthemodernBritishstate.TheHorseisawell-researchedbook.Itisinteresting,charming,andentertaining.Butastheauthormightsay:Icanleadyoutoabookstore,butIcan’tmakeyouread.8.Whatfirsthelpedthehorseavoidextinction?A.Beinghuntedforfood. B.Beinglimitedtoanarea.C.Beingraisedbyhuman. D.Adaptingtoclimatechanges.9.Asaresultofusinghorsesinfarming,farmerscould________.A.huntmoreanimals B.producemorecrops C.raisemorecattle D.covermoreground10.Whatdoestheauthorimplybytheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph6?A.Horseswereingreaterdemandthanotherequipment.B.Nationswithouthorsesfocusedontradeinstead.C.Thevalueofhorseswasrecognizedafterwars.D.Winningwarswasthewaytogethorses.11.Whydidtheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tointroduceandrecommend. B.Toanalyzeandconclude.C.Toexplainandinspire. D.Todescribeandencourage.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍《TheHorse》这本书，讲述马险些灭绝、人类驯化马匹后，马匹在农业、战争中深刻改变人类历史，并推荐这本内容详实有趣的书籍。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Horsesmighthavegonethewayoftheirextinctrelativesifhumanshadnotdomesticatedthemlikecattle.(如果没有像驯养牛一样驯化马匹，马可能早已像其灭绝的近亲一样消失了。)”可知，人类驯养马匹是马得以避免灭绝的首要原因。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Whenhorsesreplacedcattle,theirgreaterspeedallowedmorelandtobeplowed(犁地).Thisincreasedcropproduction(当马取代牛之后，它们更快的速度使得更多的土地得以开垦。这增加了农作物产量)”可知，马被用于农耕后，农民能够生产更多的粮食。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Thosenationsthathadhorseswonwars;thosethatdidn’ttriedtogetthem.Inmanyways,theseconflictscreatedtheworldweliveintoday.(那些拥有马匹的国家赢得了战争；而那些没有马匹的国家则想方设法获取它们。从许多方面来看，这些冲突塑造了我们今天的这个世界。)”可知，画线句暗示了在战争中，马匹比其他武器装备更具决定性价值，各国对马匹的需求极为迫切。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Butinfact,TimothyC.Winegard’sTheHorseisfascinating.Itoffersafreshwayoflookingathowimportanthorsesweretohumandevelopment.Andthebookalmostdidn’thappen—becausehorsesalmostdidn’tsurvive.(但事实上，蒂莫西·C·瓦恩加德的《马》却引人入胜。它提供了一个崭新的视角，让我们重新审视马匹对人类发展的重要性。而且这本书差点就无法面世——因为马差点儿就没能存活下来。)”并纵观全文可知，作者首先介绍了《马》这本书的主题与趣味性，随后详细转述了书中关于马匹影响人类文明发展的主要史实，最后评价该书“资料详实、有趣迷人”，并以幽默口吻鼓励读者阅读。由此可见，作者的写作目的是介绍并推荐这本书。DThingsdon’tstaytidybythemselves.Ifyouleaveyourdeskforaweekwithoutcleaningit,paperspileup,dustcollects,andthingsendupinthewrongplaces.Thesamehappenswitharoom,abox,oreventheuniverse.Innature,systemsnaturallymovefromordertodisorderunlessweuseenergytokeepthemorganized.Thisideaisknownasthesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学),whichsaysthatentropy—ameasureofdisorder—tendstoincreaseovertime.Tohelpexplainthis,imagineaboxdividedintotwoparts,filledwithgasparticles(粒子)movingatdifferentspeeds.Normally,theparticlesmixtogetherfreely,andthesystembecomesmoredisordered.Inthe19thcentury,aphysicistnamedJamesClerkMaxwellcameupwithafamousthoughtexperiment.Heimaginedatiny,intelligentbeing—latercalled“Maxwell’sdemon”—thatcouldopenandcloseasmalldoorbetweenthetwosections.Thedemonwouldletonlyfast-movingparticlespassonewayandonlyslow-movingonespasstheotherway.Overtime,thiswouldseparatetheparticlesandcreateorder,seeminglywithoutusinganyenergy.Ifordercouldbecreatedforfree,thatwouldseemtobreakthesecondlawofthermodynamics.Foryears,scientistswereconfusedanddebatedwhetherthelawwasalwaystrue.Theywonderedifsomethingelse—likeinformation—couldactasareal-life“demon.”SoresearchersattheUniversityofMarylandbuiltamodeltotestthis.Theirmodeldescribedadevicethatcouldseparateparticlesandreducedisorderinonepartofasystem.Buthere’sthekey:thedevicedidnotbreakthesecondlaw.Insteadofusingoutsideenergy,itusedstoredinformationtotrackandcontroltheparticles.Indoingso,itmoveddisorderfromthephysicalsystemintoitsownmemory.AsresearcherDibyenduMandalexplains,theordercreatedinoneplaceisbalancedbymoredisordersomewhereelse.Theoverallbalancerequiredbythermodynamicsisalwaysmaintained.Thisshowsthatinformationisnotjustanabstractidea—itisconnectedtorealphysicalprocesses.Machinesbasedonthisprincipleprobablywon’tproducelargeamountsofenergy,buttheycouldstillbeuseful.Forexample,theymighthelpscientistscontroltinyparticlesmorepreciselyinexperimentsorimprovemedicaltechniques.Whatstartedasasimplethoughtexperimenthashelpedusbetterunderstandhoworder,energy,andinformationarealllinked.12.Whydoestheauthormentionanuntidydesk?A.Toexplainascienceidea. B.Toquestionifdisorderisavoidable.C.Tolinkhabitstosciencethinking. D.Tocomparehumanbehaviors.13.WhatmustMaxwell’s“demon”dotosortparticles?A.Speedupsomeparticles. B.Useoutsideenergy.C.Stopparticlesfrommoving. D.Watchandrecordparticleinformation.14.Whatcanweinferaboutinformation’srole?A.Itreplacesenergy. B.Itallowsno-costoperation.C.Itmovesdisorderelsewhere. D.Ithelpsprocesslargedata.15.Whatistheauthor’sviewofthesecondlaw?A.Maxwell’sideashowsitslimits. B.Itisstillcorrect.C.Itfitslargesystemsbest. D.Smartcontrolcanbreakit.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了一个关于麦克斯韦妖的思想实验以及它如何帮助人们理解秩序、能量和信息之间的联系。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thingsdon’tstaytidybythemselves.Ifyouleaveyourdeskforaweekwithoutcleaningit,paperspileup,dustcollects,andthingsendupinthewrongplaces.Thesamehappenswitharoom,abox,oreventheuniverse.Innature,systemsnaturallymovefromordertodisorderunlessweuseenergytokeepthemorganized.Thisideaisknownasthesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学),whichsaysthatentropy—ameasureofdisorder—tendstoincreaseovertime.(东西不会自己保持整洁。如果你把桌子放一个星期不清理，纸张就会堆积起来，灰尘也会积聚，东西最终会放错地方。房间、盒子甚至宇宙也是如此。在自然界中，除非我们使用能量来保持系统的有序，否则系统会自然地从有序走向无序。这个想法被称为热力学第二定律，它认为熵——衡量混乱程度的指标——往往会随着时间的推移而增加。)”可知，作者提到凌乱的书桌是为了解释热力学第二定律这一科学概念。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Heimaginedatiny,intelligentbeing—latercalled“Maxwell’sdemon”—thatcouldopenandcloseasmalldoorbetweenthetwosections.Thedemonwouldletonlyfast-movingparticlespassonewayandonlyslow-movingonespasstheotherway.Overtime,thiswouldseparatetheparticlesandcreateorder,seeminglywithoutusinganyenergy.(他想象了一个微小的、智慧的生命——后来被称为“麦克斯韦妖”——它可以打开和关闭两个部分之间的小门。这只妖只允许快速移动的粒子单向通过，慢速移动的粒子则向另一个方向通过。随着时间的推移，这将分离粒子并产生秩序，看似不需要使用任何能量。)”以及第四段中“Insteadofusingoutsideenergy,itusedstoredinformationtotrackandcontroltheparticles.(它没有使用外部能量，而是使用存储的信息来跟踪和控制粒子。)”可知，麦克斯韦妖必须对粒子信息进行观察和记录，才能实现粒子的分类。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Insteadofusingoutsideenergy,itusedstoredinformationtotrackandcontroltheparticles.Indoingso,itmoveddisorderfromthephysicalsystemintoitsownmemory.AsresearcherDibyenduMandalexplains,theordercreatedinoneplaceisbalancedbymoredisordersomewhereelse.Theoverallbalancerequiredbythermodynamicsisalwaysmaintained.(它不依靠外部能量，而是利用储存的信息追踪、管控粒子。在运作过程中，它将物理系统中的无序转移到自身的信息存储器里。研究员DibyenduMandal解释道：一处产生的有序，必然会在其他地方产生更多无序来抵消。热力学所要求的整体平衡永远不会被打破。)”可知，信息的作用是将混乱转移到其他地方。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Theirmodeldescribedadevicethatcouldseparateparticlesandreducedisorderinonepartofasystem.Buthere’sthekey:thedevicedidnotbreakthesecondlaw.(他们的模型描述了一种装置，可以分离粒子并减少系统某一部分的混乱。但关键是：该装置并没有打破第二定律。)”可知，作者认为热力学第二定律仍然是正确的。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manypeoplebelievethatlearningshouldbeeasy.Thereisamyth:ifyoufindtherightmethod,learningwillbecomeeasy.Peoplesearchfortheperfectsystemtoavoidstruggle.____16____Learningisaprocessoffriction(摩擦力),requiringyoutositwithconfusionanddiscomfortuntilclarityappears.Thisishardlearning—itdemandseffortwithoutimmediatereward.Whenpeopleavoidstruggle,theyturntopassivelearning—watchingvideos,readingsummariesandfeelingproductive.Butpassiveexposurecreatesonlyfamiliarity,notmastery.____17____Itisslower,morefrustrating.Itinvolvesrereadingthesameparagraph,attemptingproblemswithoutknowingtheanswer,andfailingrepeatedlybeforegettingitright.Thisprocessfeelsslowandpainful.Thereisnoinstantreward,onlygradualimprovement.Onekeyelementisdeliberaterepetition—returningtomaterialwithdeeperattentioneachtime.Whatwasonceconfusingbecomesfamiliar;whatwasfamiliarbecomesclear;whatwasclearbecomesflexible.____18____Hardlearningrequiresyoutothink,notjustconsume.Youmustexplainideasinyourownwords,testyourunderstanding,andapplyknowledgeinnewcontexts.Thisturnsknowledgeintoability.Learningthatavoidsstrugglerarelylasts.Thereisalsoapsychologicalbarrier.Manypeoplemistakedifficultyforfailure,thinkingtheyarenotgoodatit.____19____Lookatexpertsinanyfield:theyrelyonhardlearning—theydon’trunfromdifficulty.Theirsuccessisbuiltonlonghoursoffocusedeffort,repeatedattempts,andwillingnesstostaywithcomplexity.Nomethodcanreplaceeffort.Techniquesguideyou,butcannotdotheworkforyou.Intheend,learningisnotaboutavoidingdifficulty—itisaboutbuildingtheabilitytomovethroughit.____20____A.Hardlearningisdifferent.B.Anotherkeyaspectisactiveengagement.C.Challengingyourselfisthekeytoprogress.D.Thisprocessfeelsuncomfortablebutnecessary.E.Andthesooneryouacceptthat,thesooneryourlearningbecomesreal.F.Butthetruthisfarlesspleasant:reallearningisnotdesignedtobeeasy.G.Inreality,difficultyisnotasignofinability—itisasignthatlearningishappening.【答案】16.F17.A18.B19.G20.E【解析】【导语】文章主要讲述了刻苦学习的重要性以及学习者应该怎么做。【16题详解】根据上文“Manypeoplebelievethatlearningshouldbeeasy.Thereisamyth:ifyoufindtherightmethod,learningwillbecomeeasy.(很多人都认为学习本该是件轻松的事。存在这样一种误区：只要找到合适的方法，学习就会变得轻而易举。)”和下文“Learningisaprocessoffriction(摩擦力),requiringyoutositwithconfusionanddiscomfortuntilclarityappears.(学习是充满阻力的过程，你必须直面困惑与煎熬，直到思路豁然开朗。)”可知，上文指出人们普遍迷信找到完美方法，学习就毫不费力，下文指出学习充满阻力，要忍受困惑不适。上下文形成转折关系，F项“但真相远没有那么美好：真正的学习本就不会轻松”承接上文的误区，引出下文对艰苦学习的介绍。【17题详解】根据上文“Butpassiveexposurecreatesonlyfamiliarity,notmastery.(但被动接触知识只能让你对内容眼熟，根本无法做到精通掌握。)”和下文“Itisslower,morefrustrating.Itinvolvesrereadingthesameparagraph,attemptingproblemswithoutknowingtheanswer,andfailingrepeatedlybeforegettingitright.Thisprocessfeelsslowandpainful.(它节奏更慢，过程更磨人：反复重读同一段文字，毫无头绪地尝试解题，屡屡碰壁后才终于弄懂。这个过程缓慢又痛苦。)”可知，上文提到被动学习，下文切换描述另一种学习模式，形成二者对比。A选项“深度刻苦学习则完全不同”起到过渡作用，引出下文对艰苦学习特点的详细描述，下文It刚好指代Hardlearning。【18题详解】根据上段“Onekeyelementisdeliberaterepetition—returningtomaterialwithdeeperattentioneachtime.(刻苦学习的核心要点之一是刻意复盘：每次重温知识点时，都投入更深层次的思考。)”和下文“Hardlearningrequiresyoutothink,notjustconsume.Youmustexplainideasinyourownwords,testyourunderstanding,andapplyknowledgeinnewcontexts.(刻苦学习要求你主动动脑，而非单纯被动接收信息。你要用自己的话复述知识点、检验自身理解程度，并把知识运用到全新场景中。)”可知，上一段讲第一个核心要素：刻意重复，下文整段核心是学习需要主动思考。B项“另一关键要素是主动参与思考。”符合语境，上文Onekeyelement与选项中Anotherkeyaspect结构呼应。【19题详解】根据上文“Manypeoplemistakedifficultyforfailure,thinkingtheyarenotgoodatit.(很多人把学习过程中的困难等同于自己能力不足，觉得自己不擅长这门学科。)”和下文“Lookatexpertsinanyfield:theyrelyonhardlearning—theydon’trunfromdifficulty.Theirsuccessisbuiltonlonghoursoffocusedeffort,repeatedattempts,andwillingnesstostaywithcomplexity.(看一看各行各业的专家便知：他们都坚持深度学习，从不逃避难题。他们的成就，来源于长年专注的付出、无数次的试错，以及敢于钻研复杂难题的恒心。)”可知，上文指出人们把学习困难等同于自己不行、能力不足，下文指出各行各业专家都直面难题，依靠艰苦学习获得成功，空处纠正前文错误认知。G选项“事实上，困难并非能力不足的标志，而是你正在学习的证明)”反驳上一句的错误想法，衔接通顺。【20题详解】根据上文“Intheend,learningisnotaboutavoidingdifficulty—itisaboutbuildingtheabilitytomovethroughit.(归根结底，学习的真谛不是规避困难，而是练就直面困难、突破难关的能力。)”可知，上文收尾观点：学习不在于躲避困难，而在于拥有熬过困难的能力，E选项“你越早接受这一点，你的学习才能越早落到实处”中that指代上文“学习无法避开困难，要直面困难”这一核心观点，收束全文，升华主旨。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Fornearlytwentyyears,I’vestudiedwhatmakessomepeopleluckierthanothers.Luckisn’talightningstrike—it’smorelikethewind,always____21____.Thedifferenceliesinwhetherwe’vebuiltasailto____22____it.Twelveyearsago,onanearlymorningflighttoEcuador,Idecidedto____23____myroutine.Insteadofputtingonheadphonestosleep,Istarteda____24____withthemannexttome—apublisher.Later,Itookanotherrisk:IshowedhimabookideaIhadwritten.Hepolitely____25____,butwekeptintouch.Monthslater,Imethisteam.Oneeditorasked,“Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwritingabook?”I____26____thesameideaagain.Thistime,itfoundtherightaudience.Withintwoweeks,Ihadapublishingcontract.Withintwoyears,thebookbecamea____27____.Allofthisstartedwithasimple“hello.”Anothertime,astudentnamedBrianwrotemeakindnoteaboutaprogram:“IknowI’ve