世纪英语教程 16

第四章

冠词一、不定冠词的使用1.用于表示种类。如：Adogisaloyalanimal.2.用于表示数量。如：apicture,acar,anapple3.用于表示任意一个。如：abookinthebookstore,afriendofmine4.用于某些固定词组中。如：afew,alittle,alotof,abit冠词(Article)不能独立使用，通常位于名词的前面。形式上冠词分为不定冠词(IndefiniteArticle)和定冠词(DefiniteArticle)两种。二、定冠词的使用1.用于特指某一个人或物，或指对话双方都知道的人或物，或再次提到的人或物。如：Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?你觉得这本书怎么样？Thisisabook.Iboughtthebookyesterday.这是一本书，我昨天买的。2.用于指方位或世界上独一无二的事物。如：theright,theleft,thesun,themoon3.定冠词加单数可数名词泛指一类人或物。如：Theoperaisatraditionalformofart.歌剧是一种传统的艺术形式。4.定冠词加复数可数名词表示集体概念。如：TheChinesepeoplefacedthisdisasterwithcompassionandcourage.中国人民以同情心和勇气来面对这场灾难。5.定冠词加形容词或分词表示一类人。如：therich,thewounded,thedying二、定冠词的使用6.用于序数词前。如：thefirst,thesecond7.与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用。如：Themorewelearn,theclevererweare.我们学得越多就越聪明。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveseen.这是我所看过的最有趣的电影。8.用于带有限定性定语的名词之前。如：WemustunleashthetremendouscreativityoftheChinesepeopleintheirhundredsof

millions.(FromReporttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina)我们必须充分发挥亿万人民的创造伟力。（选自党的二十大报告）9.用于身体部位之前。如：Theballhappenedtohithimonthehead.球碰巧击中了他的脑袋。10.用于江、河、湖、海、山脉、岛屿等地理名词之前，或姓氏的复数之前。如：TheHuangpuRiverrunsswiftlytotheeast.黄浦江水滔滔东流。TheBrownsarealwaysreadytohelptheirneighbors.布朗一家总是乐于帮助邻居。三、省略或不加冠词的情况1.季节、年月、星期这类名词之前一般不用冠词。如：ItisusuallycoldinFebruary.二月份天气通常很冷。WealwaysgoshoppingonSaturday.我们总是在周六购物。2.早餐、午餐、晚餐、部分地名和交通工具之前不用冠词。如：Iusuallyhavebreakfastat6:30.我通常在6点半吃早饭。OxfordUniversityisoneoftheoldestuniversitiesintheworld.牛津大学是世界上最古老的大学之一。We’dbettergobytrain,becauseitisalotcheaper.我们最好坐火车去，因为这样便宜很多。3.复数名词、抽象名词或物质名词之前不用冠词，表示泛指的一类人或物。如：Wehavecarriedoutcriticaltasksandenhancedtop-leveldesignforreform.(FromRe_x0002_porttothe20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChina)我们已经打响了改革攻坚战，加强了改革顶层设计。（选自党的二十大报告）Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。四、加定冠词、不定冠词或不加冠词的区别1.数量上的差异，试比较下列句子：Theteacherandpoetiscomingtoourschool.（同一个人）Theteacherandthepoetarecomingtoourschool.（两个人）2.范围上的差异，试比较下列句子：Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.(房子之外)Theteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.（教室之内）3.含义上的差异，试比较下列句子：Hehasbeeninhospitalformonths.(住院）Hegoestothehospitaltoseehisfather.（去医院）Heworksinahospital.（泛指）4.固定词组中的差异，试比较下列句子：Heisworkinghardathishomeworkatthemoment.（此时）Heiscomingdowninamoment.（一会儿）五、应试指导复习迎考时，我们不仅要记住有关冠词的语法规则，有时还需要把知识前后融会贯通。例如，不定冠词a/an一般位于名词短语前，如aparticularlyinterestingphenomenon（一个特别有趣的现象）。当名词短语中含有so，as，too及how等副词时，不定冠词a/an就必须改变位置：（so，as，too及how等副词）+形容词+a（元音前用an）+名词如：Sheistookindagirltorefuse.她是个心肠特别好的姑娘，不会拒绝的。Ididn’tdotoogoodajobtoday.今天我干的活儿不太理想。NeverbeforehaveIseensosophisticatedamachine.我以前从来没见过这么精密的机器。He’snotascleveramanasIthought.他没有我想象的那样聪明。Howimportantaroleeducationplaysinourlives.教育在我们的生活中扮演多么重要的角色。五、应试指导【注】英语中还有一些加the与不加the意义不同的词组，如：byday在白天bytheday以日计算takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替infrontof在……前面（外）inthefrontof在……前面（里）outofquestion无疑，无问题outofthequestion不可能，不容讨论bysea坐船bythesea在海边incase万一inthecase在这种情况下ExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.1._________importantaspectindevelopingmotivationis_________settingofgoals.

A.An...a

B.An...the

C.The...a

D.The...the2.Janebecame_________managerand________secretaryofthecompanyatthe

sametime.

A.a...a

B.the...the

C.the.../

D./.../3.Wehave_________goodmarketin_________townwherewebuyourfruitand

vegetables.

A./.../

B.a...a

C.the...the

D.a...theExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.4._________wasbeautiful,butmostoftheglasstheyexhibitedwasrather

unimaginative.

A.Thestainlesssteel

B.Stainlesssteel

C.Thestainlesssteels

D.Stainlesssteels5._________whicharemostworthvisitingareintheImperialCity.

A.Oldhouse

B.Theoldhouse

C.Oldhouses

D.Theoldhouses6._________whichfailtosatisfytheseminimumrequirementsaretobepulleddown.A.House

B.HousesC.Thehouse

D.ThehousesExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.7.Noonerealized_________problemitwasuntilmuchlater.

A.howaserious

B.howseriousa

C.howserious

D.ahowserious8.HeisenjoyinghisstayinGreece,buthehassomedifficultywith_________

language.

A./

B.a

C.the

D.one9.Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfor_______and_________.

A.thedeaf...theblind

B.adeaf...ablind

B.deaf...blind

D.deafs...blindsExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.10.Whentheyareoutof_________,_________aremoreexpensive.

A.season...vegetables

B.theseason...vegetables

C.season...thevegetables

D.theseason...thevegetablesExercisesⅡ.TranslatethefollowingEnglishphrasesintoChinese,payingattentiontothe

usageofarticles.1.thefirstmantolandonthemoon___________________________________________________________________2.theimpossible___________________________________________________________________3.sellbythekilo___________________________________________________________________4.theGreatWallofChina___________________________________________________________________5.theWilsons___________________________________________________________________登上月球的第一人不可能的事按公斤出售中国的长城威尔逊一家人ExercisesⅢ.Fillintheblankswithproperarticlesifnecessary._________bookonthetableis_________fascinatingread._________B(b)ooks

likethesearerare._________SamuelJohnsonwhowasaprofessorofMITisnot_________Samuel

Johnsonwhowasafamousfilmstar.Wehave_________verygoodtrainservicefromthesuburbsto_________city

centerandmostpeoplegotoworkby_________train.FrankWhiteis_________Americancitizen.HeisnowinLondonfor________

one-dayconferenceon_________worldpopulation.At_________meeting,hegave_________speechwhichlasted________hour.Thea/Thetheathe/anathetheaanExercisesⅢ.Fillintheblanks