世纪英语教程 19

第二十章强调强调是指将句子中的某个成分或某个部分通过某种方式加以突出，以达到某种结构或修辞上的某种效果的一种语法现象。一、英语中常见的强调方法1.用助动词“do（does/did）+动词原形”来表示强调。如：Hedoesknowtheplacewell.他的确很熟悉这个地方。Dowritetomewhenyougetthere.你到那儿后务必给我来信。2.用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气。如：That’stheverytextbookweusedlastterm.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。YouaretheonlypersonherewhocanspeakChinese.你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。Notasinglepersonhasbeenintheshopthismorning．今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。一、英语中常见的强调方法3.用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有-ly的副词来进行强调。如：Whyeverdidyoudoso？你究竟为什么要这么做？Heneversaidawordthewholeday.一整天，他一句话也没说。You’vegottobevery，verycareful.你一定得非常、非常小心。ThisisjustwhatIwanted.这正是我所要的。Hewasbadlywounded.他伤得很严重。Ireallydon’tknowwhattodonext.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4．用intheworld，onearth，atall,notintheleast等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）。如：Whereintheworldcouldhebe?他到底会在哪儿？Whatonearthisit?它究竟是什么？一、英语中常见的强调方法5.用倒装句（也就是将被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气。如：Onthetableweresomeflowers.桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）ManyatimehaveIclimbedthathill.我多次翻过那座山。Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。Notuntiltheoperahadbegundidhearriveatthetheatre.戏剧开演了他才赶到剧院。【注】当“notuntil+时间状语从句”位于句首时，其主句要求部分倒装。not若置于助动词之后，则不能倒装。如上面最后一句可改为：Hedidn’tarriveatthetheatreuntiltheoperahadbegun.一、英语中常见的强调方法6.“It+be+强调部分+that”强调结构。如：Itisanunusualpersonwhocanlivefreefromfinancialstressorwhocanspendmoneyon

othersashespendsonhimself.只有不同寻常的人才能远离经济重压，才能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上一样。Itwasin2023thathegotenrolledinuniversity.他是在2023年考进大学的。【注】这个结构可以强调主语、宾语、状语、宾补和主补。在此结构中，当被强调的部分为人时，用who/that；当被强调的部分为物时，用that。如：Itwashewho/thatopenedthedoor.（强调主语）Itwastreesthatweplantedatthegate.（强调宾语）Itwasthroughhiscarelessnessthatthekeywaslost.（强调状语）ItwasredthatTompaintedhisbedroom.（强调宾补）Itis“LittleTiger”thatheiscalled.（强调主补）ItwasnotuntilAnnacriticizedhimthathewasawareofhismistake.直到安娜批评了他，他才开始认识到自己的错误。Itwasnotuntildarkthatsherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.直到黄昏她才意识到太晚了无法赶回家。一、英语中常见的强调方法7.用if来表示强调：（1）if从句+Idon’tknowwho/what，etc.does/is/has,etc.；主语部分也可以用nobody

does/is/has，etc.或everybodydoes/is/has，etc.来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说），如：Ifhecan’tdoit，Idon’tknowwhocan．要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）（2）if从句+itbe主句。如：Ifanyoneknewthetruth，itwasTom.如果说有人了解事实的真相，那便是汤姆。8．主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句要用what引导。如：WhatJohnwantsisaball.约翰想要的是一个球。WhatMarydoeseverydayis(to)givepianolessons.玛丽每天从事的工作是教钢琴。二、应试指导强调句和倒装句同属于特殊句型。在解题时一定注意它们的特点，抓住其特殊性，做出正确的判断，从而迅速、准确地答题。1．根据题干内容，确定是否属于强调句。2．如果是强调句，根据信息词或相关内容确定是属于哪一种强调句的类型，把握住“Itis(was)+强调成分+that/who+句子其余成分”的特点，注意所强调的部分以及that（或who）的使用。3．从四个选项中选出所确定的强调句类型的正确答案。4．将答案代入题干中进行检查以确定其符合语法结构和语义的要求。（注意notuntil强调结构）5．注意强调句型与主语从句的区别：（1）强调句型为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余成分。（2）强调句型只用系动词is或was；主语从句主句谓语动词可以是seem等其他系动词。（3）如果被强调部分是各种状语，连词不可用when,where或其他连词，只能用that。二、应试指导（4）在强调句型的句子中，删去Itis/was和that/who后，被强调部分可在句中找到其应有的语法位置，（被强调部分为否定的介词短语除外）句子仍然成立（被强调部分为否定的介词短语除外）。如：ItwasPeterwhosucceededinfindingajob.斜体部分去掉后，Peter作主语，句子语法仍然正确。（5）强调句型中的强调部分不可能是谓语动词或形容词。（6）主语从句往往是Itis/was+形容词+that/when/where等从句。例1ItwasinthelabtakenchargeofbyProf.Alexander_____theydidtheexperiment.A.thatB.whenC.whomD.so正确答案为A。参考译文：他们是在亚历山大教授负责的实验室做的实验。解题技巧：本题测试的是强调句中连接词的用法。本句中强调的是地点状语inthelab；takenchargeofbyProf.Alexander是分词短语，修饰lab。因此选项A为正确答案。二、应试指导例2Itwasthestranger_______savedthechild.正确答案为that/who。参考译文：是那个陌生人救了溺水的孩子。解题技巧：本题测试的是强调句句型。thestranger为人，所以可以用that或who。ExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.1.Itwasafterhehadmadeathoroughinvestigation______hecametoknowthe

actualstateofaffairs.

A.where

B.when

C.that

D.and2.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhome_____rememberedherappointmentwiththe

doctor.

A.whenshe

B.thatshe

C.andshe

D.she3.Itmusthavebeen________whogavethesignal.

A.them

B.they

C.theirs

D.these4.Itwasthewayhesaidratherthanwhatheactuallysaid_______completelyupset

her.

A.what

B.that

C.who

D.whomExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.5.Itwastheclothesshecreated________changedthewaywomenlookedandhow

theylookedatthemselves.

A.that

B.then

C.sothat

D.therefore6.________weloseathing_________fullyvalueit.

A.Notuntil,wedo

B.Until,dowenot

C.Notuntil,dowe

D.Itisnotuntil,thatwedon’t7.ItwasinChina_________hereceivedhighereducation.

A.where

B.that

C.there

D.which8._____shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.

A.ThatwasfromStephen

B.ItwasStephenwhom

C.ItwasfromStephenthat

D.ItwasStephenthatExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.9.______thatthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreacheditshighestpoint.

A.Duringthe1960s

B.Itwasinthe1960s

C.Thatitwasinthe1960s

D.Itwasthe1960s10.Itwasn’tuntilAnnacriticizedhim_______hewasawareofhismistake.

A.that

B.who

C.when

D.then11._______sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.

A.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan

B.Hardlydiditgrowdarkthan

C.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan

D.Itwasnotuntildarkthat12.Notuntilthegamehadbegun_______atthesportsground.

A.hadhearrived

B.wouldhehavearrived

C.didhearrive

D.shouldhehavearrivedExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.13.Itwas_________thatthemeetingwascancelled.

A.becauseoftherain

B.becausetherain

C.itrained

D.rainy14.Itwaslastnight_______Isawthecomet.

A.thetime

B.when

C.that

D.which15.Itistenyears_______MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.

A.that

B.when

C.since

D.as16.It__________MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.

A.was

B.are

C.were

D.hadbeen17.Itwasnotuntil1920s_______regularradiobroadcastbegan.

A.which

B.when

C.that

D.sinceExercisesⅠ.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.18.Shesaidshewouldgoandshe_______go.

A.didn’t

B.did

C.really

D.would19.Itwasthetraining________hehadasayoungman_______madehimsucha

goodengineer.

A.what;that

B.that;what

C.that;which

D.that;that20.—Wereallthethreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?

—No,________onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.

A.therewere

B.itwere

C.therewas

D.itwasExercisesⅡ.EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.

Identifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrect.1.Only

inthisway

youcanhopetoimprovethepresentsituation.

A

B

C

D2.Thatisgenerallyacceptedthateconomicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmooth

A

B

C

developmentofproduction.

D3.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhomewhensherememberedherappointmentwith

A

B

C

D

thedoctor.4.Whowasit

whichyouwantedtosee?

A

B

C

D5.Itwasthatthewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.

A

B

C

DExercisesⅡ.EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.

Identifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrect.6.Itwasinthepark

wheretheymetforthefirsttime.

A

B

C

D7.Whatheneedsnowis

thatachance.

A

B

C

D8.NeverChina

willbethefirst

tousenuclearweapons.

A

B

C

D9.Thelastthingwhichalazystudentwishestodois

examination.

A

B

C

D10.ThePresidentbyhimselfwillchairthemeeting,whichseldomoccurs.

A

B

C

DExercisesⅢ.Transformthefollowingsentencesandemphasizetheboldparts.1.Billmadeakiteatschoolyesterday.____________________________________________________________________2.Johnsellspotatoes.____________________________________________________________________3.Themotherlovesherbabydearly.____________________________________________________________________4.Ipaintedthedoorwhite.____________________________________________________________________5.Sheleftherglovesinyourroom.____________________________________________________________________ItwasBillwhomadeakiteatschoolyesterday.ItispotatoesthatJohnsells.Themotherdoesloveherbabydearly.ItwaswhitethatIpaintedthedoor.Itwasinyourroomthatshelefthergloves.ExercisesⅢ.Transformthefollowingsentencesandemphasizetheboldparts.6.Mr.Smithgaveanewpentome.____________________________________________________________________7.Thematchwaspostponedbecauseoftherain.____________________________________________________________________8.Hewentabroadtostudyin1999.____________________________________________________________________9.Hewasborninthissmallvillage25yearsago.____________________________________________________________________10.Hegainedthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.____________________________________________________________________ItwasmethatMr.Smithgaveapento.Itwasbecauseoftherainthatthematchwaspostponed.Itwasin1999thathewentabroadtostudy.Itwasinthissmallvillagethathewasborn25yearsago.Itwashewhogainedthefirstprizeinthespeechcontest.ExercisesⅣ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseandEnglishrespectively.1.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.____________________________________________________________________2.Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.____________________________________________________________________3.Itisbecausehewastoocarelessthathefaile