专题01阅读理解（记叙文）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（解析版）

专题01阅读理解(记叙文)【母题来源一】2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】CAsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的GinniBalinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。28.A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.(在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组taketheplunge与trychallengingthings“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。29.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTieradelFuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。30.C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。31.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了GinniBalinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“Thesegentlelovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段GinniBalinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了GinniBalinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，Anunforgettableexperience.(一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。【母题来源二】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhisspareonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”24.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic. B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs. D.Fixtheinstruments.25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid.C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworsepageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight. B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic. D.Heforgetstodohisjob.【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的RobertTitterton和他的工作情况。24.A细节理解题。根据第一段“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。25.C推理判断题。根据第三段“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。26.B细节理解题。根据第四段“Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。27.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，MsRaspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。【母题来源三】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）【母题题文】BIhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.4.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A.Toensuretheirsurvival. B.Toobservetheirdifferences.C.Toteachthemlifeskills. D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.6.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.7.WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A.Theyfrightenedthechildren. B.Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C.Theyannoyedtheneighbours. D.Theystartedfightingeachother.【答案】4.A5.A6.B7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。4.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.(在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。5.A词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。6.B推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。故选B。7.B细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。【课程标准解读】语篇阅读能力一直是高考英语的考查重点，因此阅读理解是高考英语试卷最重要的内容之一。阅读理解在各省市的高考卷中占分达40分左右，是决定考生英语成绩的一个重要题型。不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及记叙文的考查，这充分体现了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。【命题意图】教育部考试中心公布的《考试说明》对阅读理解要求做了明确的规定，主要考查考生以下能力：理解主旨与要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。考生必须理解短文大意、文中重要信息点、作者观点，并深层理解作者的态度和意图。【考试方向】记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文章体裁，分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作对象，表现人物的品质特点，而叙事的记叙文以事件为记叙对象，揭示事件对人、对社会的思想意义。【得分要点】在做记叙文阅读理解题时，需要遵循三个原则：主旨原则、问题优先原则、证据原则。首先，阅读理解的题目通常会围绕主旨或主线，违背主旨的选项一般不是正确答案;与主旨无关的选项或原文中细枝末节的信息，即便选项内容正确，一般也不是正确答案。其次，考生在做阅读理解时，应先看问题，然后根据题干信息去文中寻找答案信息，将找到的信息与选项匹配。如果看题后立即看选项，可能会被选项的众多信息所干扰，而且也不容易记住选项信息。最后，考生在答题时一定要有证据意识，即所有答案一定都能从文中找到出处，切忌根据自己的主观和想法答题，或是根据常识判断，否则很容易失分。除了主旨题以外的题目，大多数题目顺序与原文中各信息要点顺序一致。针对这些题目，可以采用区间定位的方法，根据题干信息锁定相应的区间进行答题，因此文章如有个别区间没有理解，不一定会影响其他题目的答题。下文将根据不同题型介绍相应的解题策略。（一）细节题细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查考生对具体信息点的理解。考生需要细心审题，使用定位法答题，即先看问题，关注题干中可以帮助定位的关键词（如时间、地名、人物、重要的动词、名词、形容词等），同时还要关注疑问词（如what、how、why），疑问词不同，信息源的位置可能不同，或正确答案的特点不同。近年来细节题题干中的关键词往往会变换原文中的词汇和表达，需要考生平时积累词汇表达，理解语法现象。1.有些细节题可以直接根据题干中的关键词定位到原文，找到选项的同义替换。2.有些细节题的题干使用了原文信息的同义表达，因此需要识别题干中的同义表达，然后定位到原文，选择原文的同义转换。3.有些细节题可以根据题干关键词快速定位，然后对定位处进行深层理解，正确选项能根据原文总结概括得到。（二）推断题推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要考生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。（三）词义推断题词义推断题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此考生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1.利用构词法积累英语词汇中的前缀、后缀和词根的含义，进而能准确推测出相互组合形成的整体词义，但这种方法仅限于对一些有词根词缀的单词的考查。2.联系上下文语境联系上下文是最常用和有效的方法，上下文指该词汇或表达所在的句子，以及这个句子的上下句。记叙文中句子之间或句子内部的逻辑关系主要有同义、反义、解释、因果。3.代入法如果上述两种方法都不可行，还可采用将四个选项代入原文，对比选择最合适的一个。（四）主旨题主旨题考查学生对文章的整体把握，能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力。主旨题具体分为主旨大意题、最佳标题题和写作目的题。此类题目需遵循“末位原则”，即不论出现在哪一题，都要最后做。此类题型可以运用以下几种方法：1.根据全文关键词确定主题关键词为在全文以同一个词或各种同义词、上下义词不断重复出现的词，这往往是全文的中心或主旨。2.把握文章逻辑结构记叙文比较常见的逻辑结构为时间顺序和事情发展顺序，因此可关注文章中表示时间和事情发展过程的词。3.整体把握，从文章叙述的个人故事中体会其传达的信息4.对于写作目的题，可以结合文章体裁或关注文章首尾处对于记叙文阅读理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要观点和态度是十分必要的。考生需要在平时保持长期的持续性输入，进行泛读和一定量的阅读练习，培养记忆、分析、对比、判断、推理和综合能力，多反思总结，找到适合自己的策略。1.（2022·广东韶关·二模）DaysafterArgentinacanceledallinternationalpassengerflightstoprotectthecountryfromthenewcoronavirus,JuanManuelBallesterobeganhisjourneyhometheonlywaypossible:Hesteppedaboardhissmallsailboatforwhatturnedouttobean85-dayvoyageacrosstheAtlantic.The47-year-oldsailorcouldhavestayedonthetinyPortugueseislandofPortoSantotosurvivetheeraoflockdownsandsocialdistancinginascenicplacelargelysparedbythevirus.Buttheideaofspendingwhathethoughtcouldbe“theendoftheworld”awayfromhisfamily,especiallyhisfatherwhowasgoontoturn90,wasunbearable.“Ididn’twanttostaylikeacowardonanislandwheretherewerenocases,”Mr.Ballesterosaid.“Iwantedtodoeverythingpossibletoreturnhome.Themostimportantthingformewastobewithmyfamily.”Heboughthissailboatin2017,hopingtotravelaroundtheworld.“Iwasn’tafraid,butIdidhavealotofuncertainty,”hesaid.“Itwasverystrangetosailinthemiddleofapandemicwithhumanityteeteringaroundme.”Sailingcanbelonelypassion,anditwasparticularlysoonthisvoyageforMr.Ballestero.Despitethevastnessoftheocean,Mr.Ballesterofelthewasinisolation,imprisonedbyanintensesteamofnotknowingwhatthefutureheld.“Iwaslockedupinmyownfreedom,”herecalled.WhenhemadeittohisnativeMardelPlataonJune17,hewasshockedbythehero’swelcomehereceived.“Enteringmyportwheremyfatherhadhissailboat,wherehetaughtmesomanythings,whereIlearnedhowtosailandwhereallthisoriginated,gavemethetasteofamissionaccomplished,”hesaid.1．WhydidBallesterodecideonhisTrans-Atlanticsailing?A．Toreturnhomeandseehisfamily. B．Toexplorescenicplacesoftheworld.C．Toavoidbeingconsideredasacoward. D．Tostayawayfromthenewcoronavirus.2．HowdidBallesterofeelduringthejourney?A．Freeandlonely. B．Frightenedbutproud.C．Uncertainandisolated. D．Passionatebutregretful.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutBallesterofromthelastparagraph?A．Hisfatherwaseagertowelcomehimhome.B．Hegainedasenseofachievementandbelonging.C．Hecompletedthetaskandthereforebecameahero.D．Hisfathergavehimtheinspirationtosailsingle-handed.4．Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AHistory-makingSailor B．AnAdventurousExperienceC．SailingSolotoReachFather D．CrossingtheAtlanticOcean【答案】16．A17．C18．B19．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了阿根廷取消所有国际客运航班以保护该国免受新冠病毒感染几天后，胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗以唯一可能的方式开始了他的回家之旅：他登上自己的小帆船，进行了一次横跨大西洋的85天航行。1．A细节理解题。根据第三段“Iwantedtodoeverythingpossibletoreturnhome.Themostimportantthingformewastobewithmyfamily.”（我想尽一切办法回家。对我来说，最重要的是和家人在一起）可知，为什么巴列斯特罗决定跨大西洋航行的原因是回家看望家人。故选A项。2．C细节理解题。根据第四段“Iwasn’tafraid,butIdidhavealotofuncertainty.”（我不害怕，但我确实有很多不确定性）根据第五段“Despitethevastnessoftheocean,Mr.Ballesterofelthewasinisolation”（尽管大海浩瀚，巴列斯特罗还是觉得自己与世隔绝）可知，巴列斯特罗在旅途中感觉不确定和与世隔绝。故选C项。3．B推理判断题。根据最后一段“WhenhemadeittohisnativeMardelPlataonJune17,hewasshockedbythehero’swelcomehereceived.”（6月17日，当他回到家乡马德普拉塔时，他被英雄般的欢迎所震惊）以及“gavemethetasteofamissionaccomplished”（让我尝到了完成使命的滋味）可知，他获得了成就感和归属感。故选B项。4．C主旨大意题。根据第一段“DaysafterArgentinacanceledallinternationalpassengerflightstoprotectthecountryfromthenewcoronavirus,JuanManuelBallesterobeganhisjourneyhometheonlywaypossible:Hesteppedaboardhissmallsailboatforwhatturnedouttobean85-dayvoyageacrosstheAtlantic.”（阿根廷取消所有国际客运航班以保护该国免受新冠病毒感染几天后，胡安·曼努埃尔·巴列斯特罗以唯一可能的方式开始了他的回家之旅：他登上自己的小帆船，进行了一次横跨大西洋的85天航行）根据第二段“Buttheideaofspendingwhathethoughtcouldbe“theendoftheworld”awayfromhisfamily,especiallyhisfatherwhowasgoontoturn90,wasunbearable.”（但是，在他认为可能是“世界末日”的情况下，远离家人，尤其是远离90岁的父亲，这是令人难以忍受的）可知，短文的最佳标题为“独自驾船航行去见父亲”。故选C项。2.（2022·河北·衡水市第二中学模拟预测）ThepoemWhenThisisOverisnowaneducationaltoolwhichisstudiedliketheworksofHomer.ProfessionalwriterLauraFanucwrotethepoemtocheerherselfup.Tohersurprise,itwentpopularonline.That’stheoldnews.ThenewnewsisthatthepoemhasbecomeaneducationassignmentforahumanitiesclassintheSouthBronx.Ithasinspiredabout80sixthgraderstowritetheirownversion(版本).ThestudentsareenrolledintheAmericanDreamSchool,acharterschoolforEnglishlanguagelearnersandimmigrantstudents.TeachersDanielZaudererandNikiDeGiorgiointroducedtheirclasstothepoem,assigningthemtostudyitwiththeaimofcultivatinggratitudethroughpoetry.Thesestudentsstayathomewithlaptopcomputers,throughwhichtheyconnectwiththeirclassmatesandteachers.Fanuc’spoemisbasicallyalistofeverydayactivitiesshecan’tdobecauseofsocialdistancing,andthatshallnevertakeforgrantedagain.Itendswithaninspirationalmessageofhopethatweallwillrisefromthisordeal(磨难)tobebetterpeople.Theteacherschallengedthestudentstobrainstormwhattheyhadtakenforgrantedandwhattheyhopepeoplewilllearn,andtoexpressthemselvesinapoemoftheirown.TheclassfollowedFanucisformat(格式),reworkingthepoem.ThestudentsshowedsomeloveforDeGiorgioandZaudererintheirversionofthepoem,withtheline:“Seeingmyteachersfacetoface.”“Workingremotelyduringthispandemicistoughsomedays,”DeGiorgiosaidinaFacebookpost.“Whatbringsmehopeandjoyisthebeautifulhearts,mindsandwordsofmystudents.”1．Whatdoweknowaboutthepoem?A．ItwaswrittenbyHomer.B．Itwaspublishedinthenewspaper.C．Manystudentswereinspiredbythepoem.D．Thepoemwastranslatedintoseverallanguages.2．Whydidthetwoteachersintroducetheirstudentstothepoem?A．Thepoemcandevelopstudentsappreciationofpoetry.B．Thepoemcanmakestudentsfeelgrateful.C．Thepoemiseasyforstudentstolearn.D．Thepoemexpressesafeelingofwarmth.3．WhatdoesLauraFanucmainlywriteaboutinthepoem?A．Herdailylife.B．Thenecessityofsocialdistancing.C．Dailyactivitiesthatshecan’tdonow.D．Somedifficultiesshemetbefore.4．Howdidtheteachersfeelwhenseeingthestudentsversionofthepoem?A．Touched. B．Pessimistic. C．Thankful. D．Depressed.【答案】1．C2．B3．C4．A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。作家LauraFanuc写了一首诗用来鼓励自己，出乎她意料的是，这首诗在网络上迅速走红，并激发一群学生对这首诗进行再创作。1．C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Ithasinspiredabout80sixthgraderstowritetheirownversion(版本).(它激发了大约80名六年级学生写他们自己的版本)”可知，许多学生受到这首诗的启发。故选C项。2．B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“TeachersDanielZaudererandNikiDeGiorgiointroducedtheirclasstothepoem,assigningthemtostudyitwiththeaimofcultivatinggratitudethroughpoetry.(老师丹尼尔·佐德勒和尼基·德乔吉奥向他们的班级介绍了这首诗，分配他们去学习它，以便通过诗歌来培养感恩的能力)”可知，两位老师向他们的学生介绍这首诗，因为这首诗可以来培养学生的感激之情，也就是让学生学会感恩。故选B。3．C细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Fanuc’spoemisbasicallyalistofeverydayactivitiesshecan’tdobecauseofsocialdistancing,andthatshallnevertakeforgrantedagain.(Fanuc的诗基本上是一份清单，列出了她因为社交距离而不能做的日常活动，这永远不会再被视为理所当然)”可知，LauraFanuc在诗中主要描写的是现在她不能做的一些日常活动。故选C。4．A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“ThestudentsshowedsomeloveforDeGiorgioandZaudererintheirversionofthepoem,withtheline:“Seeingmyteachersfacetoface.”(学生们在他们的诗中表达了对德乔吉奥和佐德勒的热爱，其中有一句话：“与我的老师面对面。”)”可知，学生在诗中表达了他们对两位老师的喜爱；再根据最后一段DeGiorgio的话“Workingremotelyduringthispandemicistoughsomedays(在这次大流行期间，远程工作有时会很困难)”和“Whatbringsmehopeandjoyisthebeautifulhearts，mindsandwordsofmystudents.(给我带来希望和快乐的是我的学生们美丽的心灵、思想和话语)”可知，学生的诗给他带来了希望和快乐。由此推知，两位老师在看到学生版本的诗之后会很感动。故选A。3.（2022·广东·二模）ItwasdarkasIbrahimAlHusseincameto.Hecouldn’tmoveandthickdustfilledtheair,blockingoutallbutafewsmallflamesdancingcloseby.Itwashardtobreathe.Somethingwasn’trightandhecouldnotfeelhisfoot.AsthesmokeofthebombingclearedAlHusseinwassavedbutlosthislowerrightlegforever.Afterseveraltwistsandturns,AlHusseinmanagedtoescapefromwar-tornSyriatoAthens,Greece.Withnomoneyleftonhim,hehadtosleeponthestreetsandlookforfruitintreesoreatgrassfromthepark.Luckily,helaterfoundworkcleaningtoiletsatalocalcafe.Heworkedeverydayoftheweekwithnobreaksandwasproudtobesupportinghimself.Buthewasmissingsomething—sport.AlHusseinusedtobeasportsman.AswarbrokeoutinSyriain2011,allsportsstadiumswereforcedtoclose,butnowsettledandsafeinAthens,hewasdesperatetoreturntophysicalactivity.InMay,2015,hisprayerswereanswered.Aswimmingclubgavehimpermissiontotrainthere.“WhenIlookedattheaddressIrealiseditwastheAthensAquaticsCentre,”saysAlHussein,who,attheageof16,hadwatchedthe2004OlympicsunfoldonasmallTVinhiscosySyrianhome.“SeeingthoseOlympicsgavememotivationtodosportandalthoughitwasaflashbacktothepast,itwasalsoalooktoabetterfuturebecauseIhadmadeittothepoolI’dwatchedanddreamtofswimmingin.”Formuchof2015heswaminthemorningandthenworkedatthecafeuntillateintheevening.Itwastough,butitworkedforhimand,inearly2016,hesecuredtwomedalsattheGreekParaSwimmingNationalChampionships.Peoplebegantotakenote.1．WhatcausedAlHusseintolosehislowerrightleg?A．Awar. B．Afire. C．Anillness. D．Anaccident.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhyAlHusseinworkedhard. B．HowAlHusseinsurvivedinGreece.C．WhyAlHusseinmissedsport. D．HowAlHusseinescapedfromSyria.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAthensAquaticsCentre?A．Itwasforcedtoclosein2011. B．AlHusseinwentthereatage16.C．Itusedtobeaswimmingclub. D．The2004Olympicswereheldthere.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlHussein?A．Independentbutproud. B．Motivatedbutstubborn.C．Ambitiousandreligious. D．Hardworkingandoptimistic【答案】1．A2．B3．D4．D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了阿尔・侯赛因在经历了战争之后，失去右小腿后，仍然从事自己喜欢的运动，在2016年初，他在希腊残疾人全国游泳锦标赛上获得两枚奖牌。1．A细节理解题。根据第一段中“AsthesmokeofthebombingclearedAlHusseinwassavedbutlosthislowerrightlegforever.”（爆炸产生的烟雾消散后，阿尔·侯赛因得救了，但他永远失去了右小腿。）第二段中“Afterseveraltwistsandturns,AlHusseinmanagedtoescapefromwar-tornSyriatoAthens,Greece.”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。）可知，因为战火纷飞的叙利亚的爆炸使得侯赛因失去了他的右小腿。故选A。2．B主旨大意题。根据第二段“Afterseveraltwistsandturns,AlHusseinmanagedtoescapefromwar-tornSyriatoAthens,Greece.Withnomoneyleftonhim,hehadtosleeponthestreetsandlookforfruitintreesoreatgrassfromthepark.Luckily,helaterfoundworkcleaningtoiletsatalocalcafe.”（经过几次曲折，阿尔・侯赛因成功逃离战火纷飞的叙利亚，来到希腊雅典。身上没有钱，他不得不睡在街上，在树上寻找水果，或者吃公园里的草。幸运的是，他后来在当地一家咖啡馆找到了清洁厕所的工作。）介绍了侯赛因从叙利亚成功逃脱来到了雅典后的谋生方式，即本段主要叙述了侯赛因在希腊的生存方式。故选B。3．D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““WhenIlookedattheaddressIrealiseditwastheAthensAquaticsCentre,”saysAlHussein,who,attheageof16,hadwatchedthe2004OlympicsunfoldonasmallTVinhiscosySyrianhome.”（“当我看到这个地址时，我意识到这里是雅典水上运动中心,”16岁的阿尔•侯赛因在叙利亚舒适的家中，通过一台小电视观看了2004年奥运会的比赛。）可知，雅典水上运动中心举办了2004年的奥运会的水上比赛项目。故选D。4．D推理判断题。根据第二段中“Heworkedeverydayoftheweekwithnobreaks”（他每天都工作，没有休息）可知，侯赛因是很努力的；最后一段中“Formuchof2015heswaminthemorningandthenworkedatthecafeuntillateintheevening.Itwastough,butitworkedforhim”（2015年的大部分时间，他都是早上游泳，然后在咖啡馆工作到深夜。虽然（条件）很艰难，但对他来说很有效）可看出侯赛对于训练场地的艰苦状况并没有屈服，说明他是乐观的。故选D。4.（2022·辽宁·二模）WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ineverdreamedthatthesmall,quartervending(自动售货)machineIownedwouldturnmeintoasmallbusinessownerandacollegegraduate.Wantingtoinspireasenseofentrepreneurship(企业家身份)andbusinessinhisdaughter,mydadbroughthomeavendingmachinehehadpurchasedfromafriend.Settingitdowninfrontofmeinourlivingroom,heasked—inallseriousness—“Doyouwanttostartabusiness?”Iowned15vendingmachinesbythetimeIlefthighschool,withalloftheprofitsgoingtowardmycollegefund.Inadditiontobeingagreatbondingexperienceformyfamily,IcannottellyouhowmanyskillsIlearnedfromstartingandgrowingmyveryownbusinessthathelpedmegainresponsibility.Understandingbothpersonalandprofessionalfinancesisoneofthemostimportantlifelessonstolearn—theearlier,thebetter.Ihadtobefearlessandconfident—learningtheseskillsatayoungagesavedmefromspeakingwithdifficultythroughpresentationslaterinlife.Comprehendingtheinsandoutsofyourproductandbusinessshinesthroughwhenspeakingwithcustomersandclients.Learningthatnoteveryexperienceinlifeleadstoa“Well,YouTried”trophy(安慰奖励)taughtmethatrejectionishard,andit’sgoingtohappen.Throughouttheunbelievableexperienceofrunningmyownbusinessatayoungage(morestoriestocome),Ilearnedvaluableskillsthathavehelpedmeinmyjob,school,andpersonallife.Ibelieveinthevalueofcustomerservice.Igoafterclientsandopportunitiesandunderstandthatsometimesthingdon’tgomyway.Withthehelpofmyparentsandcustomerswhosupportedme,Igrewupanentrepreneurwithskillstokeepfortherestofmylife.1．Whydidtheauthor’sdadgiveheravendingmachine?A．Toearnhercollegefund.B．Tosolvehisfriend’sfinancialproblem.C．Toraiseherbusinessandmanagementawareness.D．Toletherknowhowharditisforparentstoearnmoney.2．InwhataspectdoesNOTtheauthorbenefitalotfromthevendingmachine?A．Earningcollegefees.B．Makingmanyfriends.C．Learningtotakeresponsibilities.D．Strengtheningfamilyrelationships.3．Howmanyskillsarementionedinparagraph4?A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.4．Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’sexperienceinrunningvendingmachine?A．Shelearnshowtospendmoney.B．Thoseskillscanonlyhelpherinherjob.C．Shelearnstoseizethechancetomakeallthingspossible.D．Sheknowsit’simportanttoprovidecustomerswithsatisfactoryservice.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小开始经营自动售货机，并成为一名有生意头脑的年轻生意人。这段经历对她以后的生活、工作都有很积极的影响。1．Ｃ细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Wantingtoinspireasenseofentrepreneurshipandbusinessinhisdaughtermydadbroughthomeavendingmachinehehadpurchasedfromafriend.”（为了激发女儿的企业家精神和商业意识，我父亲带回家一台从朋友那里买来的自动售货机。）可知，作者的爸爸给她一台自动售货机是为了激发她的生意头脑和管理意识。故选C。2．Ｂ细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Inadditiontobeingagreatbond