专题01阅读理解（记叙文）-备战2023年高考英语母题题源解密（原卷版）

专题01阅读理解(记叙文)【母题来源一】2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】CAsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings. B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories. D.Sticktoapromise.29WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins. B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare. D.Afriend’sinvitation.30.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher. B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved. D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream. B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld. D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.【母题来源二】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）【母题题文】Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhisspareonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”24.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic. B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs. D.Fixtheinstruments.25.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring. B.Well-paid.C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworsepageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight. B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic. D.Heforgetstodohisjob.【母题来源三】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）【母题题文】BIhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.4.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A.Toensuretheirsurvival. B.Toobservetheirdifferences.C.Toteachthemlifeskills. D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.6.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.7.WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A.Theyfrightenedthechildren. B.Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C.Theyannoyedtheneighbours. D.Theystartedfightingeachother.【课程标准解读】语篇阅读能力一直是高考英语的考查重点，因此阅读理解是高考英语试卷最重要的内容之一。阅读理解在各省市的高考卷中占分达40分左右，是决定考生英语成绩的一个重要题型。不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及记叙文的考查，这充分体现了＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。【命题意图】教育部考试中心公布的《考试说明》对阅读理解要求做了明确的规定，主要考查考生以下能力：理解主旨与要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义、做出判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。考生必须理解短文大意、文中重要信息点、作者观点，并深层理解作者的态度和意图。【考试方向】记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文章体裁，分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作对象，表现人物的品质特点，而叙事的记叙文以事件为记叙对象，揭示事件对人、对社会的思想意义。【得分要点】在做记叙文阅读理解题时，需要遵循三个原则：主旨原则、问题优先原则、证据原则。首先，阅读理解的题目通常会围绕主旨或主线，违背主旨的选项一般不是正确答案;与主旨无关的选项或原文中细枝末节的信息，即便选项内容正确，一般也不是正确答案。其次，考生在做阅读理解时，应先看问题，然后根据题干信息去文中寻找答案信息，将找到的信息与选项匹配。如果看题后立即看选项，可能会被选项的众多信息所干扰，而且也不容易记住选项信息。最后，考生在答题时一定要有证据意识，即所有答案一定都能从文中找到出处，切忌根据自己的主观和想法答题，或是根据常识判断，否则很容易失分。除了主旨题以外的题目，大多数题目顺序与原文中各信息要点顺序一致。针对这些题目，可以采用区间定位的方法，根据题干信息锁定相应的区间进行答题，因此文章如有个别区间没有理解，不一定会影响其他题目的答题。下文将根据不同题型介绍相应的解题策略。（一）细节题细节题几乎是每一篇记叙文阅读理解中都会出现的题型，围绕文章主题考查考生对具体信息点的理解。考生需要细心审题，使用定位法答题，即先看问题，关注题干中可以帮助定位的关键词（如时间、地名、人物、重要的动词、名词、形容词等），同时还要关注疑问词（如what、how、why），疑问词不同，信息源的位置可能不同，或正确答案的特点不同。近年来细节题题干中的关键词往往会变换原文中的词汇和表达，需要考生平时积累词汇表达，理解语法现象。1.有些细节题可以直接根据题干中的关键词定位到原文，找到选项的同义替换。2.有些细节题的题干使用了原文信息的同义表达，因此需要识别题干中的同义表达，然后定位到原文，选择原文的同义转换。3.有些细节题可以根据题干关键词快速定位，然后对定位处进行深层理解，正确选项能根据原文总结概括得到。（二）推断题推断题是属于难度较高的一类题型，需要考生在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过分析语篇内在逻辑和理解其中的细节内容的暗示，理解文章深层意义和隐含意义，然后作出一定的推理判断，切忌凭空猜想，而要以原文内容为依据，对文章信息细致分析、深入挖掘，揭示其深层含义，同时也要注意避免过度推断。（三）词义推断题词义推断题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断词汇和短语的能力，包括超纲词义、熟词生义、代词的指代关系、俗语、特殊表达等，因此考生不仅需要加强语境中的理解推断能力，也需要在平时注意积累和扩大词汇量。此类题目可以采用以下几种方法：1.利用构词法积累英语词汇中的前缀、后缀和词根的含义，进而能准确推测出相互组合形成的整体词义，但这种方法仅限于对一些有词根词缀的单词的考查。2.联系上下文语境联系上下文是最常用和有效的方法，上下文指该词汇或表达所在的句子，以及这个句子的上下句。记叙文中句子之间或句子内部的逻辑关系主要有同义、反义、解释、因果。3.代入法如果上述两种方法都不可行，还可采用将四个选项代入原文，对比选择最合适的一个。（四）主旨题主旨题考查学生对文章的整体把握，能否分辨主题和细节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力。主旨题具体分为主旨大意题、最佳标题题和写作目的题。此类题目需遵循“末位原则”，即不论出现在哪一题，都要最后做。此类题型可以运用以下几种方法：1.根据全文关键词确定主题关键词为在全文以同一个词或各种同义词、上下义词不断重复出现的词，这往往是全文的中心或主旨。2.把握文章逻辑结构记叙文比较常见的逻辑结构为时间顺序和事情发展顺序，因此可关注文章中表示时间和事情发展过程的词。3.整体把握，从文章叙述的个人故事中体会其传达的信息4.对于写作目的题，可以结合文章体裁或关注文章首尾处对于记叙文阅读理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要观点和态度是十分必要的。考生需要在平时保持长期的持续性输入，进行泛读和一定量的阅读练习，培养记忆、分析、对比、判断、推理和综合能力，多反思总结，找到适合自己的策略。1.（2022·广东韶关·二模）DaysafterArgentinacanceledallinternationalpassengerflightstoprotectthecountryfromthenewcoronavirus,JuanManuelBallesterobeganhisjourneyhometheonlywaypossible:Hesteppedaboardhissmallsailboatforwhatturnedouttobean85-dayvoyageacrosstheAtlantic.The47-year-oldsailorcouldhavestayedonthetinyPortugueseislandofPortoSantotosurvivetheeraoflockdownsandsocialdistancinginascenicplacelargelysparedbythevirus.Buttheideaofspendingwhathethoughtcouldbe“theendoftheworld”awayfromhisfamily,especiallyhisfatherwhowasgoontoturn90,wasunbearable.“Ididn’twanttostaylikeacowardonanislandwheretherewerenocases,”Mr.Ballesterosaid.“Iwantedtodoeverythingpossibletoreturnhome.Themostimportantthingformewastobewithmyfamily.”Heboughthissailboatin2017,hopingtotravelaroundtheworld.“Iwasn’tafraid,butIdidhavealotofuncertainty,”hesaid.“Itwasverystrangetosailinthemiddleofapandemicwithhumanityteeteringaroundme.”Sailingcanbelonelypassion,anditwasparticularlysoonthisvoyageforMr.Ballestero.Despitethevastnessoftheocean,Mr.Ballesterofelthewasinisolation,imprisonedbyanintensesteamofnotknowingwhatthefutureheld.“Iwaslockedupinmyownfreedom,”herecalled.WhenhemadeittohisnativeMardelPlataonJune17,hewasshockedbythehero’swelcomehereceived.“Enteringmyportwheremyfatherhadhissailboat,wherehetaughtmesomanythings,whereIlearnedhowtosailandwhereallthisoriginated,gavemethetasteofamissionaccomplished,”hesaid.1．WhydidBallesterodecideonhisTrans-Atlanticsailing?A．Toreturnhomeandseehisfamily. B．Toexplorescenicplacesoftheworld.C．Toavoidbeingconsideredasacoward. D．Tostayawayfromthenewcoronavirus.2．HowdidBallesterofeelduringthejourney?A．Freeandlonely. B．Frightenedbutproud.C．Uncertainandisolated. D．Passionatebutregretful.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutBallesterofromthelastparagraph?A．Hisfatherwaseagertowelcomehimhome.B．Hegainedasenseofachievementandbelonging.C．Hecompletedthetaskandthereforebecameahero.D．Hisfathergavehimtheinspirationtosailsingle-handed.4．Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AHistory-makingSailor B．AnAdventurousExperienceC．SailingSolotoReachFather D．CrossingtheAtlanticOcean2.（2022·河北·衡水市第二中学模拟预测）ThepoemWhenThisisOverisnowaneducationaltoolwhichisstudiedliketheworksofHomer.ProfessionalwriterLauraFanucwrotethepoemtocheerherselfup.Tohersurprise,itwentpopularonline.That’stheoldnews.ThenewnewsisthatthepoemhasbecomeaneducationassignmentforahumanitiesclassintheSouthBronx.Ithasinspiredabout80sixthgraderstowritetheirownversion(版本).ThestudentsareenrolledintheAmericanDreamSchool,acharterschoolforEnglishlanguagelearnersandimmigrantstudents.TeachersDanielZaudererandNikiDeGiorgiointroducedtheirclasstothepoem,assigningthemtostudyitwiththeaimofcultivatinggratitudethroughpoetry.Thesestudentsstayathomewithlaptopcomputers,throughwhichtheyconnectwiththeirclassmatesandteachers.Fanuc’spoemisbasicallyalistofeverydayactivitiesshecan’tdobecauseofsocialdistancing,andthatshallnevertakeforgrantedagain.Itendswithaninspirationalmessageofhopethatweallwillrisefromthisordeal(磨难)tobebetterpeople.Theteacherschallengedthestudentstobrainstormwhattheyhadtakenforgrantedandwhattheyhopepeoplewilllearn,andtoexpressthemselvesinapoemoftheirown.TheclassfollowedFanucisformat(格式),reworkingthepoem.ThestudentsshowedsomeloveforDeGiorgioandZaudererintheirversionofthepoem,withtheline:“Seeingmyteachersfacetoface.”“Workingremotelyduringthispandemicistoughsomedays,”DeGiorgiosaidinaFacebookpost.“Whatbringsmehopeandjoyisthebeautifulhearts,mindsandwordsofmystudents.”1．Whatdoweknowaboutthepoem?A．ItwaswrittenbyHomer.B．Itwaspublishedinthenewspaper.C．Manystudentswereinspiredbythepoem.D．Thepoemwastranslatedintoseverallanguages.2．Whydidthetwoteachersintroducetheirstudentstothepoem?A．Thepoemcandevelopstudentsappreciationofpoetry.B．Thepoemcanmakestudentsfeelgrateful.C．Thepoemiseasyforstudentstolearn.D．Thepoemexpressesafeelingofwarmth.3．WhatdoesLauraFanucmainlywriteaboutinthepoem?A．Herdailylife.B．Thenecessityofsocialdistancing.C．Dailyactivitiesthatshecan’tdonow.D．Somedifficultiesshemetbefore.4．Howdidtheteachersfeelwhenseeingthestudentsversionofthepoem?A．Touched. B．Pessimistic. C．Thankful. D．Depressed.3.（2022·广东·二模）ItwasdarkasIbrahimAlHusseincameto.Hecouldn’tmoveandthickdustfilledtheair,blockingoutallbutafewsmallflamesdancingcloseby.Itwashardtobreathe.Somethingwasn’trightandhecouldnotfeelhisfoot.AsthesmokeofthebombingclearedAlHusseinwassavedbutlosthislowerrightlegforever.Afterseveraltwistsandturns,AlHusseinmanagedtoescapefromwar-tornSyriatoAthens,Greece.Withnomoneyleftonhim,hehadtosleeponthestreetsandlookforfruitintreesoreatgrassfromthepark.Luckily,helaterfoundworkcleaningtoiletsatalocalcafe.Heworkedeverydayoftheweekwithnobreaksandwasproudtobesupportinghimself.Buthewasmissingsomething—sport.AlHusseinusedtobeasportsman.AswarbrokeoutinSyriain2011,allsportsstadiumswereforcedtoclose,butnowsettledandsafeinAthens,hewasdesperatetoreturntophysicalactivity.InMay,2015,hisprayerswereanswered.Aswimmingclubgavehimpermissiontotrainthere.“WhenIlookedattheaddressIrealiseditwastheAthensAquaticsCentre,”saysAlHussein,who,attheageof16,hadwatchedthe2004OlympicsunfoldonasmallTVinhiscosySyrianhome.“SeeingthoseOlympicsgavememotivationtodosportandalthoughitwasaflashbacktothepast,itwasalsoalooktoabetterfuturebecauseIhadmadeittothepoolI’dwatchedanddreamtofswimmingin.”Formuchof2015heswaminthemorningandthenworkedatthecafeuntillateintheevening.Itwastough,butitworkedforhimand,inearly2016,hesecuredtwomedalsattheGreekParaSwimmingNationalChampionships.Peoplebegantotakenote.1．WhatcausedAlHusseintolosehislowerrightleg?A．Awar. B．Afire. C．Anillness. D．Anaccident.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．WhyAlHusseinworkedhard. B．HowAlHusseinsurvivedinGreece.C．WhyAlHusseinmissedsport. D．HowAlHusseinescapedfromSyria.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAthensAquaticsCentre?A．Itwasforcedtoclosein2011. B．AlHusseinwentthereatage16.C．Itusedtobeaswimmingclub. D．The2004Olympicswereheldthere.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeAlHussein?A．Independentbutproud. B．Motivatedbutstubborn.C．Ambitiousandreligious. D．Hardworkingandoptimistic4.（2022·辽宁·二模）WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ineverdreamedthatthesmall,quartervending(自动售货)machineIownedwouldturnmeintoasmallbusinessownerandacollegegraduate.Wantingtoinspireasenseofentrepreneurship(企业家身份)andbusinessinhisdaughter,mydadbroughthomeavendingmachinehehadpurchasedfromafriend.Settingitdowninfrontofmeinourlivingroom,heasked—inallseriousness—“Doyouwanttostartabusiness?”Iowned15vendingmachinesbythetimeIlefthighschool,withalloftheprofitsgoingtowardmycollegefund.Inadditiontobeingagreatbondingexperienceformyfamily,IcannottellyouhowmanyskillsIlearnedfromstartingandgrowingmyveryownbusinessthathelpedmegainresponsibility.Understandingbothpersonalandprofessionalfinancesisoneofthemostimportantlifelessonstolearn—theearlier,thebetter.Ihadtobefearlessandconfident—learningtheseskillsatayoungagesavedmefromspeakingwithdifficultythroughpresentationslaterinlife.Comprehendingtheinsandoutsofyourproductandbusinessshinesthroughwhenspeakingwithcustomersandclients.Learningthatnoteveryexperienceinlifeleadstoa“Well,YouTried”trophy(安慰奖励)taughtmethatrejectionishard,andit’sgoingtohappen.Throughouttheunbelievableexperienceofrunningmyownbusinessatayoungage(morestoriestocome),Ilearnedvaluableskillsthathavehelpedmeinmyjob,school,andpersonallife.Ibelieveinthevalueofcustomerservice.Igoafterclientsandopportunitiesandunderstandthatsometimesthingdon’tgomyway.Withthehelpofmyparentsandcustomerswhosupportedme,Igrewupanentrepreneurwithskillstokeepfortherestofmylife.1．Whydidtheauthor’sdadgiveheravendingmachine?A．Toearnhercollegefund.B．Tosolvehisfriend’sfinancialproblem.C．Toraiseherbusinessandmanagementawareness.D．Toletherknowhowharditisforparentstoearnmoney.2．InwhataspectdoesNOTtheauthorbenefitalotfromthevendingmachine?A．Earningcollegefees.B．Makingmanyfriends.C．Learningtotakeresponsibilities.D．Strengtheningfamilyrelationships.3．Howmanyskillsarementionedinparagraph4?A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.4．Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’sexperienceinrunningvendingmachine?A．Shelearnshowtospendmoney.B．Thoseskillscanonlyhelpherinherjob.C．Shelearnstoseizethechancetomakeallthingspossible.D．Sheknowsit’simportanttoprovidecustomerswithsatisfactoryservice.5.（2022·浙江·模拟预测）Onemorning,whenGregorSamsawokefromtroubleddreams,hefoundhimselftransformedinhisbedintoahorribleinsect.Helayonhisarmor-likeback,andifheliftedhisheadalittlehecouldseehisbrownbelly,slightlydomedanddividedbyarchesintostiffsections.Thebeddingwashardlyabletocoveritandseemedreadytoslideoffanymoment.Hismanylegs,pitifullythincomparedwiththesizeoftherestofhim,wavedabouthelplesslyashelooked.“What’shappenedtome?”hethought.Itwasn’tadream.Hisroom,aproperhumanroomalthoughalittletoosmall,laypeacefullybetweenitsfourfamiliarwalls.Acollectionoftextilesampleslayspreadoutonthetable—Samsawasatravellingsalesman—andaboveittherehungapicturethathehadrecentlycutoutofanillustratedmagazineandhousedinanice,gildedframe.Itshowedaladyfittedoutwithafurhatandfurscarfwhosatupright,raisingaheavyfurmuff(暖手筒)thatcoveredthewholeofherlowerarmtowardstheviewer.Gregorthenturnedtolookoutthewindowatthedullweather.Dropsofraincouldbeheardhittingthewindow,whichmadehimfeelquitesad.“HowaboutifIsleepalittlebitlongerandforgetallthisnonsense,”hethought,butthatwassomethinghewasunabletodobecausehewasusedtosleepingonhisright,andinhispresentstatecouldn’tgetintothatposition.Howeverhardhethrewhimselfontohisright,healwaysrolledbacktowherehewas.Hemusthavetrieditahundredtimes,shuthiseyessothathewouldn’thavetolookattheflounderinglegs,andonlystoppedwhenhebegantofeelamild,dullpaintherethathehadneverfeltbefore.Hethought,“WhataheavycareeritisthatI’vechosen!Travellingdayinanddayout.Doingbusinesslikethistakesmuchmoreeffortthandoingyourownbusinessathome,andontopofthatthere’sthecurseoftravelling,worriesaboutmakingtrainconnections,badandirregularfood,contactwithdifferentpeopleallthetimesothatyoucannevergettoknowanyoneorbecomefriendlywiththem.”Hefeltaslightitchuponhisbelly;pushedhimselfslowlyuponhisbacktowardstheheadboardsothathecouldlifthisheadbetter;foundwheretheitchwas,andsawthatitwascoveredwithlotsoflittlewhitespotswhichhedidn’tknowwhattomakeof;andwhenhetriedtofeeltheplacewithoneofhislegshedrewitquicklybackbecauseassoonashetouchedithewasovercomebyacoldtremble.Heslidbackintohisformerposition.“Gettingupearlyallthetime,”hethought,“itmakesyoustupid.You’vegottogetenoughsleep.Othertravellingsalesmenlivealifeofluxury.Forinstance,wheneverIgobacktotheguesthouseduringthemorningtocopyoutthecontract,thesegentlemenarealwaysstillsittingthereeatingtheirbreakfasts.Ioughttojusttrythatwithmyboss;I’dgetkickedoutonthespot.Butwhoknows,maybethatwouldbethebestthingforme.IfIdidn’thavemyparentstothinkaboutI’dhavegiveninmynoticealongtimeago,I’dhavegoneuptothebossandtoldhimjustwhatIthink,tellhimeverythingIwould,lethimknowjustwhatIfeel.He’dfallrightoffhisdesk!Andit’safunnysortofbusinesstobesittingupthereatyourdesk,talkingdownatyourinferiorsfromupthere,especiallywhenyouhavetogorightupclosebecausethebossishardofhearing.Well,there’sstillsomehope;onceI’vegotthemoneytogethertopayoffmyparents’debttohim—anotherfiveorsixyearsIsuppose—that’sdefinitelywhatI’lldo.That’swhenI’llmakethebigchange.“Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”1．Accordingtothepassage,Gregorinitiallybelieveshistransformationisa________.A．curseB．diseaseC．nightmareD．fraud2．TheauthormostlikelyincludesadescriptionofGregor’sitchinparagraph4to________.A．remindthereaderthatGregorhasalreadyturnedintoaninsectB．stressthedisconnectionbetweenGregor’sthoughtsandhisactualsituationC．presentimportantdetailsaboutwhatGregor’snewbodylookslikeD．showthatGregor’sthoughtsarefocusedonthechangestohisbody3．ThepassagemoststronglysuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutGregor’sattitudetowardhisprofession?A．Heisangry.B．Heiseagertoplease.C．Heisdepressed.D．Heisdiligent.4．Themainrhetorical(修辞的)effectofthefinalsentenceoftheexcerpt（“Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”