初升高英语衔接讲义：语法填空两大考向透视之有提示词

高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中考点聚焦】初中：以基础为主，考点多为“显性语法规则”（如基础时态语态、固定搭配、简单词形转化）。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确Lastspring,ourschooloimaginedjustdiggingholesinthehotsun.However,itwas2(complete)dOnthefirstday,ourteache“Teamworkis4keytosuccess,”saidMr.Wang.MyfriendLilyandIvwaterandwethoughtitwaseasy.Butthebuckets(水桶)were6(heavy)thanwehadexpectpouredhalfthewateronthewayback.Bythe7(two)day,ourgrouplifcheeringforourwork.Wewereallveryexcited.Butthechallengescame.Onthethirdday,darkrknee.Butshesmiledandsaid,“Don’tworrcouragemadeusfeelenergeticagarealizedthatevensmallacti【高中考点聚焦】—Q课标解读高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词(5~6个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词—Q考点清单考点一、语法填空之有提示词要点1：动词时态语态若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者was/wereaskinghave/hasbeenaskingshould/wouldhavebhave/hasbeendonebeingdonehadbeendone2．They(chat)happilywhenanunexpectedvi3．It’sreportedthatthecity4．Listen!Theimportantnewsabo6．Theypromisedthatthey7．Itisthesecondtimethatwe要点2：非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。不定式todo表将来，常考作宾语、目动名词doing表习惯性动作，常考作主过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状不定式用法动名词用法分词用法beingwritten2．Theholidayprovidesusagoo3．Istronglyrecommend9．Thelittleboyvisitedthe10．Dogshaveawiderhearingrangethan1．Machinelearningisnowcap2．Franklyspeaking,MrWhit3．Thecontestrequiresthechosenlaughe(attractive)laugh.(所4．Thewholefamilycouldnotbe(ha5．Themoreexposedy2．Thefirstbubblestoescape3．Itis(le4．Manystars,whichareoutofthesola5．Everyyearourschool2．She(whisper)to4．Iftheylendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblems5．YoungClub(found)6．AhugeChristmastree(decorat7．Rareanimals(harm)ifpeoplekeepdestroyi8．Shefeltitnecessary11．Afterthegame,wefoundourteamma12．Childrengrownormallyonadiet(consisamountsofmilkandmeat.14．Theproblem(discuss)justnowisofgreatimporta15．ShebecamethefirstChinesewom17．LiangJianying,ge20．SomecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeopleAtmyoldschoolinToronto,Iwasonffriends.EverythingchangedwhenIwas16yearsoldbecausemytfew1(day)inmynewschoolwere2(strict)thanthoseinmyoldschool.Eachteachergaveusalresult,myfreetimebecamelimited(有限的).Myhomeworkkeptme4busythatIcouldonlywanSaturdaynights.AllthestudentsweredressedinshortsandT-dtobenice5me,butIdidnotwanafewweeks,nooneeventriedtotalktomeanymore.Ibegantofcourage7(talk)tosomeclassmates.8(final),Ifoundtheywerenormal(正常的)people,justlikeme.I9(beginInthelive-streamingchannel(直播间)ofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformedandno11(sell).Sheteachespinyin,readingandwriting,12hasyears.ThedifferencAftersheretiredfreepinyincourses15(preparegraduallylearntamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(不识字的)adultseagertolearnpinyinmanagedtomeettheir16(“Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Iwantedtogivethem17newstartingpoint,”saidYang.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentshlessons,Yangholdstw 18(know)thateachotheirowndemands,shealwayspreparesherclassescarefurbiggestwishnowis20(see)thesestudentsgraduaToday’sfestivalshave21widerangeofroots,22(include)theseasonsofthfamousfigures,importantevents,andreligions.Allfestivalshavethespiritof23(share)joy,grTheharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivals24(celebrate)familiesgather25(admireFestival.CustomsplayasignificantroleChinesecitiesnolo(pollute).However,thesedays,festivals28(become)moreandmorec(spend)moremoneyongifts,whichresultsindifferentopinFestivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudeslife.Theyare30(occTraditionalChinesegardenart,31beautyishiandspecialartisticcharm,32(co 33warsandnaturaldisasterbuildingsandscenicspots,thousandsofpreciousclassicgardens35(protect)verywday.Itsgracefulnaturaldesignstyleis36betweennatureandhumans.Asweallknow,37makestraditionalgardensunusualliesintWithclearwater38(flow)slowlyalongwindingpaths,plenty enjoyabletimeintheseamazingplaces.Thelonghistoryofthousandsofyearsoffersstrongandb(confirm)ofthegreatculturalvalueofournationaltreasure.ThewaypeoplecelebratetraditionalfestivalshaschangedgreatlywiththeriseoftheInternet.Theinfluenofdigitalcultureranges41onlinegift-givingtovirtualtemplefairs,Inthepast,activitiesduringfesenseofcommunity.Butnow,manyyoungpeoplechoosetoexpresstheirthroughdigitalredenvelopesoronlinedonaassociatedwiththesecelebratiHowever,whetherthisdigitalshiftwillweakenthe46(religion)orculturalmeaningoftraditionalfestivalsremains47(see).Somefeel48(strike)bytheconvenie49worrythatreal-lifeconnectionsarebeinglost.Thelong-termeffectsoftheInternetontrreshapeourfestivaltraditio高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中考点聚焦】初中：以基础为主，考点多为“显性语法规则”（如基础时态语态、固定搭配、简单词形转化）。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确Lastspring,ourschooloimaginedjustdiggingholesinthehotsun.However,itwas2(complete)dOnthefirstday,ourteache“Teamworkis4keytosuccess,”saidMr.Wang.MyfriendLilyandIvwaterandwethoughtitwaseasy.Butthebuckets(水桶)were6(heavy)thanwehadexpectpouredhalfthewateronthewayback.Bythe7(two)day,ourgrouplifcheeringforourwork.Wewereallveryexcited.Butthechallengescame.Onthethirdday,darkrknee.Butshesmiledandsaid,“Don’tworrcouragemadeusfeelenergeticagarealizedthatevensmallacti【答案】【导语】本文讲述了去年春天学校组织植树活动的经历，作者从一开始觉得无趣，到亲身参与后体会团队2．句意：然而，事情完全不一样。空格修饰形容词different，需用副词作状语，complete的副词形式为5．句意：我和朋友莉莉主动去挑水，我们本以为这很轻松。固定搭配volunteertodosth.，意为“自愿做某9．句意：第三天，乌云密布。cloud为可数名词，前面无单数限定词，此处表泛指多片乌云，用复数形式10．句意：我意识到哪怕是像种树这样微小的举动，也能改变世界。空格后“plantinga【高中考点聚焦】—Q课标解读高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词(5~6个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词—Q考点清单考点一、语法填空之有提示词要点1：动词时态语态若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者was/wereaskinghave/hasbeenaskingshould/wouldhavebbeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone【答案】belongs【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，aswellas连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，thetemple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。2．They(chat)happilywhenanunexpectedvi【答案】werechatting【详解】句意：他们正聊得开心时，一位不速之客到了。此处为固定句型“bedoing…when…”，意为“一件3．It’sreportedthatthecity【答案】willbuild表将来时态，所以用一般将来时，谓语动词为w4．Listen!Theimportantnewsabo【答案】isbeingbroadcast【答案】hasbeendone从句要用现在完成时；主语theexperiment与谓语动词do之间是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态，6．Theypromisedthatthey【答案】wouldsend【详解】考查时态。句意：他们答应会尽快把报告寄给我。that7．Itisthesecondtimethatwe【答案】haveobserved【答案】wascharged【详解】考查时态语态。句意：上个月，这个店员被指控多次欺骗顾客。此处为谓语动词，with意为“被指控”可知，charge与主语theshopassis去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填waschar【答案】hasmade要点2：非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。不定式todo表将来，常考作宾语、目动名词doing表习惯性动作，常考作主过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状不定式用法tohavedone/被动tohavebeend动名词用法beingwrittenbeingwritten分词用法beingwritten【答案】toinvite【详解】句意：我的计划是周末邀请朋友们到我家来，向他们展示我新学会的技能。当主语是plan(计划),2．Theholidayprovidesusagoo【答案】torelax3．Istronglyrecommend【答案】taking【答案】Beingexposed【答案】walking【答案】Beingequipped名词形式作主语，故用其动名词形式beingequipped作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Be【答案】complaining/havingcomplained配，意为“承认做过某事”，所以此处应该用动名词形式作宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示动作已经发生，所以用动名词的一般式或完成式均符合语境。故填complaining/ha【答案】injured9．Thelittleboyvisitedthe【答案】accompanied【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个小男孩在父母的陪同下，怀着极大的兴奋之语Thelittleboy与accompany10．Dogshaveawiderhearingrangethan【答案】enabling【详解】考查现在分词。句意：狗的听觉范围比人类更宽，这使它们能够注意到人类为非谓语动词，Dogs与enable为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填enabling。1．Machinelearningisnowcap【答案】morecomplex2．Franklyspeaking,MrWhit【答案】themostwonderful【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“themost”，即“themostwonderful”3．Thecontestrequiresthechosenlaughe(attractive)laugh.(所【答案】themostattractive【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子4．Thewholefamilycouldnotbe(ha【答案】happier【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:全形容词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此填5．Themoreexposedy【答案】morelikely【答案】professional【详解】考查名词。句意：他作为职业球员只踢了两年2．Thefirstbubblestoescape【答案】mixture【详解】考查名词。句意：首先从液体中逸出的气泡是空气和氢3．Itis(le【答案】illegal4．Manystars,whichareoutofthesola【答案】invisible【详解】考查形容词。句意：太阳系外的许多恒星不5．Everyyearourschool【答案】awards【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每年我们学校都会给优秀学生颁发奖学金。此处为动词作谓语，根据时间状语“Everyyear”可知，句子描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时；主语“ourscho【答案】preferred【详解】句意：就我个人而言，比起理科科目，我一直更喜欢文科科目。此处为现在完成时结构，have后2．She(whisper)to【答案】waswhispering【详解】句意：她上课正小声和同桌窃窃私语，这时老师突然转身直视她们。此处为句型sb.bedoingsth.when...，结合后文whentheteachersuddenlyturnedaroundandlookedstraightatthem可知为过去【答案】havespotted【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经发现了许多老年人在日常生活中所面临的问题。根据上文Sofar可4．Iftheylendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblems【答案】willbesolved【详解】句意：如果他们借给我们所需要的钱，我们的问题很快就会解决。此处是if引导的条件状语从句，从句是一般现在时态，则主句用一般将来时态，且主句主语allourproblems和solve之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般将来时态的被动语态，故答案为will5．YoungClub(foun【答案】wasfounded6．AhugeChristmastree(decorat【答案】hadbeendecoratedhall是过去的动作，而圣诞树被装饰好发生在gottothehall之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时；7．Rareanimals(harm)ifpeoplekeepdestroyi【答案】willbeharmed【详解】句意：如果人类持续破坏栖息地，珍稀动物将会受到伤害。if引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，8．Shefeltitnecessary【答案】toapologize【详解】句意：她认为有必要为自己昨天粗鲁的态度道歉。“feelit+adj.+todosth.”为固定结构，意为“觉【答案】hiding【详解】句意：现在读一读自1942年7月起待在藏身之地后她的感受。此处为固定搭配hidingplace意【答案】totake要用不定式结构，构成固定搭配managetodosth.11．Afterthegame,wefoundourteamma【答案】hugging12．Childrengrownormallyonadiet(consisamountsofmilkandmeat.【答案】consisting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：儿童正常生长的饮食包括许多不同种类的蔬菜和少量的牛奶和肉类。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故consist只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语diet构成主谓关系，故填【答案】involved系，且结合“havebeentakentothelocalpolicestationforquestioning”可知，动14．Theproblem(discuss)justnowisofgreatimporta【答案】discussedTheproblem和动词discuss为逻辑上的被动关系，结合“justnow”可知，动作已完成，所以用过去分词形式15．ShebecamethefirstChinesewom【答案】tobechosen【详解】句意：她成为了有史以来第一位被选为该医院科室主任的中国女性。当名词被序数词修饰（本句中woman前有thefirst修饰）时，通常用动词不定式作后置定语。逻辑主语thechoose之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to【答案】admiration【详解】考查名词。句意：听着这位探险家如何在漩涡中幸存下来的故事，我们钦佩地看着他。根据介词with可知，此处需要名词作宾语；admire为动词，其名词形式admiration意为“钦佩、赞赏”，不可数名词。17．LiangJianying,ge【答案】designer【详解】考查名词。句意：中国高速动车组总设计师梁建英出生于1972年。空处用于形容词general之后，应用名词形式作同位语，说明LiangJianying的身份，使用名词designer，意为“设计师”，此处指“总设计【答案】impolite【详解】考查形容词和构词法。句意：在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。分析可知，所填应是形容词作表意为“礼貌的”，其反义词为“impol【答案】inconvenience根据句意，不可数名词inconvenience(不便)作宾语20．Somecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeople【答案】behave【详解】考查定语从句的时态。句意：一些喜剧演员以人们的行为举止为题材讲笑话。theway是先行词，后面是定语从句，people后面少谓语，故用所给词的动词形式，由可知从句部分也用一般现在时，主语people，指人们，结合主谓一致可AtmyoldschoolinToronto,Iwasonffriends.EverythingchangedwhenIwas16yearsoldbecausemytfew1(day)inmynewschoolwere2(strict)thanthoseinmyoldschool.Eachteachergaveusalresult,myfreetimebecamelimited(有限的).Myhomeworkkeptme4busythatIcouldonlywanSaturdaynights.AllthestudentsweredressedinshortsandT-dtobenice5me,butIdidnotwanafewweeks,nooneeventriedtotalktomeanymore.Ibegantofcourage7(talk)tosomeclassmates.8(final),Ifoundtheywerenormal(正常的)people,justlikeme.I9(begin【答案】6．考查代词。句意同上。根据空前“talkto”可知，介词后需接人称代词的宾格形式them“他们”作宾语，指7．考查非谓语动词。句意：两个月过去了，我才鼓起勇气和一些同学交谈。固定搭配getthecouragetodo9．考查时态。句意：我开始建立一些关系，甚至建立了深厚的友谊。根据上下文语境可知，文章叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，空格处谓语动词begin“开始”使用过去式began。Inthelive-streamingchannel(直播间)ofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformedandno11(sell).Sheteachespinyin,readingandwriting,12hasyears.ThedifferencAftersheretiredfreepinyincourses15(preparegraduallylearntamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(不识字的)adultseagertolearnpinyinmanagedtomeettheir16(“Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Iwantedtogivethem17newstartingpoint,”saidYang.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentshlessons,Yangholdstw 18(know)thateachotheirowndemands,shealwayspreparesherclassescarefubiggestwishnowis20(see)thesestudentsgradua【答案】【详解】11．考查动词语态。句意：在杨维云的直播间里，没有歌舞表演，也不出售任何商品。句子描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语products和sell为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，12．考查定语从句。句意：她教授拼音、阅读和写作，这是她过去五十年来最熟悉的领域。空处引导非限16．考查名词复数。句意：然而，她逐渐发现观众中有许多渴望学习拼音的成年文盲，于是她设法满足了他们的需求。固定搭配meetone’sneeds表18．考查非谓语动词。句意：知道通过她的直播频道学习的每个学生都有自己的需求，她在结束一场直播19．考查主谓一致。句意：知道通过她的直播频道学习的每个学生都有自己的需求，她在结束一场直播后总是认真备课。句子描述一般事实，时态为一般现在时，主语eachofthestudents为单数，谓语20．考查非谓语动词。句意：她现在最大的愿望就是看着这些学生从她的课堂结业。本空作表语，用不定Today’sfestivalshave21widerangeofroots,22(include)theseasonsofthfamousfigures,importantevents,andreligions.Allfestivalshavethespiritof23(share)joy,grTheharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivals24(celebrate)familiesgather25(admireFestival.CustomsplayasignificantroleChinesecitiesnolo(pollute).However,thesedays,festivals28(become)moreandmorec(spend)moremoneyongifts,whichresultsindifferentopinFestivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudeslife.Theyare30(occ【答案】教。空后罗列各类节日起源，后跟名词短语，此处用介词including，意为“包括”，构成介宾结构，引出列23．考查非谓语动词。句意：所有节日都蕴含着共24．考查非谓语动词。句意：丰收节是在许多文化中都庆祝的最受欢迎的节日之一。已有谓语动词is，名25．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，中秋节时家人团聚，共赏明月、品尝美味月饼。gather作谓语动词，admire作非谓语动词，家人相聚的目的是赏月、品尝美味月饼，用动词不定式toadmire作目的状语。26．考查连词。句意：习俗在节日中扮演重要角色，但是它们会随着时间推移发生改变。前文说习俗的重28．考查时态。句意：然而如今，节日变得越来越商业化，人们会花更多钱购买礼品，这也引发了众人不29．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而如今，节日变得越来越商业化，人们会花更多钱购买礼品，这也引发了30．考查名词复数。句意：节日是能让我们放松、享受生活的TraditionalChinesegardenart,31beautyishiandspecialartisticcharm,32(co 33warsandnaturaldisasterbuildingsandscenicspots,thousandsofpreciousclassicgardens35(protect)verywday.Itsgracefulnaturaldesignstyleis36betweennatureandhumans.Asweallknow,37makestradit