初升高英语衔接讲义：句子种类

高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解和使用复合高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中句子种类考点聚焦】一、英语句子按照其用途可分四种1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkincla4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!二、英语句子按照其结构可分三大类）：AllroadsleadtoRoHegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.(2).并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,asHeisabasketballfan,Don’tbelate,forthereHurryup,oryou’llbeHeworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazy）：ChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.Thefilmhadbeenonwhen【高中句子种类考点聚焦】—Q课标解读英语句子按照使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类；按照句子结构（分句数量）陈述句细分肯定句与否定句；疑问句包含一般疑问、特殊疑问、选择疑问、反义疑问句；祈使句侧重肯定结构与否定结构；感叹句聚焦what/how两种核心句式。并列句依托and/but/or/so等并列连词衔接分总的来说，高中英语对句子种类不再局限于基础句式识别，侧重在完形、语法填空、短文改错、书面表达中辨析句式类型、精准选用连词与句式结构，要求学生依托句式特征读懂长难句、规范写作造句。—Q考点清单英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句1）SVP（主＋系＋表）2）SV（主＋谓）3）SVO（主＋谓＋宾）4）SVoO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）5）SVOC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）TheweatherisgettingwindyanThetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.a.Helookedunhappyattd.Iwassopleasedtfail,succeed,happen,getup，takeplace,等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状Poemsdon'ttranslateeaMyrecentbooksellsverya.Itseconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyinthepasttb.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.c.Thismorningwemetattheschoolgateandwentdiscover,waste,trust,dowith,lookforwardto,lookafter等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不IlookforwardtohearYoucanputthedishesinthekita.Intheafternoon,I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomepb.I’mlookingforwardtomeetc.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcompud.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningto(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give,offer,lend,ThedriversavedusalotoftroublTheyhaveofferedus＄60,000forthItoldhimthatthebuswaa.MrWangtaughtusEnglishlab.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.c.Theyofferedhimajob,butheturneditdown.d.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhi能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的"间接宾语2)Thenewsmadehimun4)Ihadthebikerepai5)Ifeelitverypleasantto6)therebe句型表示人或事物"存在"aren’tthere?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物b.Therewillbeasportsmeetnextweec.Therestandsabigtreeinfrontofte.Thereusedtobeashoponthecora.Isawthekids/childrenplayingbytheriverattb.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.c.Ihadmywalletstolenonabusyesterdayad.InoticedKatereadinginthelibraryallte.Fatherasked/gotmetobringhimsomenef.Shemadeitherbusinesstofindo综合练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholiday②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblem⑤IcanhearbirdssingingTheseflowersarewhiteIfoundabucket,putItookoffmycoat,searchedallmypockets,butcouldn'tfindmykey.（1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,e.g.Theteacher’snameisSe.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstde.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soe练习:指出下列划线词属于哪一类并列关系a.Neitherishemistaken,b.Notonlydidthestudentsdance,but(also)theirtec.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.d.Heworkedhard,yethee.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitg.Startoutrightaway,or/otherwisi.Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.3.复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定定语从句——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句例：1）Howthebooksellsdependso2）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhecanarriveontime.（宾语从句）3）That'sbecausehedidn't4）Thequestionwhoshouldcomewithmehasnotbeen6）BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhave一．分析句子:阅读短文，判断加粗句子所属基本句型ArBbooksduringhissparetime.TabigbooksaleinthelibrarynextFriday.Lotsofreaderslookforwa.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词InternationalNursesDayisanannualcelebrationofthevitalworkandroleofnursesaroundtheworld.Theevent,whichwasfirstmarkedin1965,1(recognize)oftheWorldHealthOrganization.ChiefnursingofficerforEnglandRuthMayhasjoinedotherleadersMsMaysaidoftheevent,“InternationalDayoftheNurseis6(particular)specialthisyearnotjustbecausewemarkthe200thanniversaryofFlorenceNightingale’sbirthday,7becauseoftheextraordinaryworkallthosewhohavefolloShecontinued“IwanttothathebattleagainstthegreatesthealthemergencyinNHShistory.Theirprofessionandrebuildcountlesslives.Iknowhowmuchthepublic’ssuppnursesthisTuesday.”Whetheryoushopforfoowhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(标签).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大胆的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahigh-sugarsodaorbreakfastcChile,Mexico,BrazilanddozensuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnuFinally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofover-processedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsum25percent.InUruguayfnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticwarnings,and18percentdecidednoIntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakefoodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguilabelingandadvertisingla资)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealthyfoodsdeclined.Tobeclear,thisisjustoneofmanystepstowardprovidingallAmericanswithahealthydiet.Butknowablefront-of-packagelabelingisoneofthebestlevers(杠杆)availabletopolicymakers,anditisalreadyelsewhere.ItcanworkhA．Thelackofnutrition.A．Theconsumptionofover-processedfoodshB．PeopleinthetwocountriesD．Warninglabelscaneffectively高中阶段，学生需要更深入地理解和使用复合高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法【初中句子种类考点聚焦】一、英语句子按照其用途可分四种1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkincla4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!二、英语句子按照其结构可分三大类）：AllroadsleadtoRoHegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.(2).并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,asHeisabasketballfan,Don’tbelate,forthereHurryup,oryou’llbeHeworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazy）：ChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.Thefilmhadbeenonwhen【高中句子种类考点聚焦】—Q课标解读英语句子按照使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四大类；按照句子结构（分句数量）陈述句细分肯定句与否定句；疑问句包含一般疑问、特殊疑问、选择疑问、反义疑问句；祈使句侧重肯定结构与否定结构；感叹句聚焦what/how两种核心句式。并列句依托and/but/or/so等并列连词衔接分总的来说，高中英语对句子种类不再局限于基础句式识别，侧重在完形、语法填空、短文改错、书面表达中辨析句式类型、精准选用连词与句式结构，要求学生依托句式特征读懂长难句、规范写作造句。—Q考点清单英语句子按照其结构分为简单句、并列句和复合句1）SVP（主＋系＋表）2）SV（主＋谓）3）SVO（主＋谓＋宾）4）SVoO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）5）SVOC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）TheweatherisgettingwindyanThetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.a.Helookedunhappyattd.Iwassopleasedtfail,succeed,happen,getup，takeplace,等。其后没有宾语。因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确，所以不需要跟宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状Poemsdon'ttranslateeaMyrecentbooksellsverya.Itseconomyhasdevelopedrapidlyinthepasttb.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowntheseyears.c.Thismorningwemetattheschoolgateandwentdiscover,waste,trust,dowith,lookforwardto,lookafter等，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,如动词的-ing形式、动词不IlookforwardtohearYoucanputthedishesinthekita.Intheafternoon,I’llshowyouaroundandtakeyoutosomepb.I’mlookingforwardtomeetc.LastyearIwonfirstprizeintheschoolcompud.InmysparetimeIenjoylisteningto(指物)。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。能跟双宾语的动词常见的有：give,offer,lend,ThedriversavedusalotoftroublTheyhaveofferedus＄60,000forthItoldhimthatthebuswaa.MrWangtaughtusEnglishlab.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.c.Theyofferedhimajob,butheturneditdown.d.TomorrowI’llwritehimaletterandtellhi能完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的"间接宾语2)Thenewsmadehimun4)Ihadthebikerepai5)Ifeelitverypleasantto6)therebe句型表示人或事物"存在"aren’tthere?在本句型中,还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示"来往,存在,发生"之类的不及物b.Therewillbeasportsmeetnextweec.Therestandsabigtreeinfrontofte.Thereusedtobeashoponthecora.Isawthekids/childrenplayingbytheriverattb.Wearemakingourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.c.Ihadmywalletstolenonabusyesterdayad.InoticedKatereadinginthelibraryallte.Fatherasked/gotmetobringhimsomenef.Shemadeitherbusinesstofindo综合练习：指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholiday②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblem⑤IcanhearbirdssingingTheseflowersarewhiteIfoundabucket,putItookoffmycoat,searchedallmypockets,butcouldn'tfindmykey.（1）表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,e.g.Theteacher’snameisSe.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmisstde.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soe练习:指出下列划线词属于哪一类并列关系a.Neitherishemistaken,b.Notonlydidthestudentsdance,but(also)theirtec.Welovepeacebutwearenotafraidofwar.d.Heworkedhard,yethee.Thenewsmaybeunexpected;neverthelessitg.Startoutrightaway,or/otherwisi.Welistenedeagerly,forhebroughtnewsofourfamilies.3.复合句：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一一起。从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）、定定语从句（高一学）——在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从例：1）Howthebooksellsdependso2）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhecanarriveontime.（宾语从句）3）That'sbecausehedidn't4）Thequestionwhoshouldcomewithmehasnotbeen6）BythetimeIgraduatenextyear,Iwillhave一．分析句子:阅读短文，判断加粗句子所属基本句型ABbooksduringhissparetime.TabigbooksaleinthelibrarynextFriday.Lotsofreaderslookforwardtot【答案】Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.【答案】OurEnglishteacherspeakstooquickly.【详解】考查动词时态。表示“我们的英语老师”应用ourEnglishteacher，作主语；表示“说话”应用speak作应用tooquickly，作状语。故翻译成：OurEnglishteacherspeakst______________________________________________________________________________【答案】Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.【详解】考查时态、固定短语、句子结构。表示“巨大的变化”用greatchanges，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“发生”用takeplaceplace；表示“在我的家乡”用inmyhometown，作地点状语；表示“过去十年里间状语，句子为“主语+谓语+状语”结构。故翻译为Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.【答案】AgroupofexchangestudentsfromtheUKaregoingtovisitourschoolnex【详解】考查句子结构。该句要求使用SVOA句型，句首表示“一群来exchangestudentsfromtheUK，作主语（S表示“要来参观”是将来要发生的事情，用aregoin谓语（V表示“我们学校”为ourschool作宾语（O表示“下个月”为nextmonth作时间状语（A符合主谓宾状句型要求。故翻译为AgroupofexchangestudentsfromtheUKaregoingtov__________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Westudentsshouldoftencommunicateourideaswithourp我们的父母交流想法”可以翻译为communicateouri语）结构。故翻译为Westudentsshouldoftenexchangeid阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词InternationalNursesDayisanannualcelebrationofthevitalworkandroleofnursesaroundtheworld.Theevent,whichwasfirstmarkedin1965,1(recognize)oftheWorldHealthOrganization.ChiefnursingofficerforEnglandRuthMayhasjoinedotherleadersMsMaysaidoftheevent,“InternationalDayoftheNurseis6(particular)specialthisyearnotjustbecausewemarkthe200thanniversaryofFlorenceNightingale’sbirthday,7becauseoftheextraordinaryworkallthosewhohavefolloShecontinued“IwanttothathebattleagainstthegreatesthealthemergencyinNHShistory.Theirprofessionandrebuildcountlesslives.Iknowhowmuchthepublic’ssuppnursesthisTuesday.”【答案】【详解】1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这件事是由国际护士理事会创办的，于1965年首次被庆祝。6．考查副词。句意：梅女士谈到这次活动时说道，国际护士节今年尤其特殊，不仅因为它是FlorenceNightingale的200周年纪念日，而且因为那些追随她脚步的人在抗击新型冠状肺炎方面所做的工作。空处7．考查固定搭配。句意同上。not…but…是固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”，在本句中连接两Nightingale的200周年纪念日，而且因为那些追随她脚步的人在抗击新型冠状病毒方面所做的工作。根据“againstthenovelcoronavirus”可知，此处特指“抗击新型冠状病毒”的斗争，所以fight前应使用定冠词the，也可使用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词fight。9．考查形容词。句意：她接着说道：“我要感谢我们每一位出色的护士，正是她们在抗击英国国家医疗服Whetheryoushopforfoowhodon’thavethetime,patienceorskilltoanalyzethenutritionlabels(标签).Butwhatwereallyneedisabold(大胆的)movethatwouldbetopreventpeoplefromfoodthat’sbadforthem:awarningsignthatahigh-sugarsodaorbreakfastcChile,Mexico,BrazilanddozensuggestedthattheselabelscanhelppeopleunderstandnuFinally,thegoalofthelabelsistoimprovenutritionandreducetheconsumptionofover-processedfoods.AfterChileadoptedseveralrulesin2016,researchersfoundthattheconsum25percent.InUruguayfnutritionalwarningsfoundthat58percentofparticipantswhonoticwarnings,and18percentdecidednoIntheUnitedStates,newlabelinglawswillbemuchmorechallengingtotakefoodproducerswillsurelytrytostopwarninglabelsfrombeingrequired.Theyarearguilabelingandadvertisingla资)andprofit,evenasconsumerconsumptionofunhealth